| 词条 | Gull Point State Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Gull Point State Park | iucn_category = | iucn_ref = | photo = | photo_caption = | map = USA Iowa | map_image = | map_size = | map_caption = Location of Gull Point State Park in Iowa | relief = 1 | location = Dickinson, Iowa, United States | nearest_city = | nearest_town = | coordinates = {{coord|43|22|15|N|95|9|55|W|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | length = | length_mi = | length_km = | width = | width_mi = | width_km = | area_acre = 380 | area_ref = | elevation = {{convert|1411|ft|m|abbr=on}}[1] | elevation_avg = | elevation_min = | elevation_max = | dimensions = | designation = | authorized = | created = | designated = | established = 1933 | named_for = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = Iowa Department of Natural Resources | administrator = | operator = | owner = | website = Gull Point State Park{{Infobox NRHP | name = Gull Point State Park, Area A | embed = yes | nrhp_type = hd | nocat = yes | image = | caption = | location = | nearest_city = | built = 1934-1935 | builder = Civilian Conservation Corps | architect = Central Design Office, Ames | architecture = Rustic | added = November 15, 1990 | area = | mpsub = {{NRHP url|id=64500146|title=CCC Properties in Iowa State Parks MPS}} | refnum = 90001661[2]{{Infobox NRHP | name = Gull Point State Park, Area B | embed = yes | nrhp_type = hd | nocat = yes | image = | caption = | location = | nearest_city = | built = 1934-1935 | builder = Civilian Conservation Corps | architect = Central Design Office, Ames | architecture = Rustic | area = | mpsub = {{NRHP url|id=64500146|title=CCC Properties in Iowa State Parks MPS}} | refnum = 90001662[3] }} }} | embedded = }}Gull Point State Park is a state park of Iowa, United States, located on West Okoboji Lake in the city of Wahpeton. It is the primary state park unit in the Iowa Great Lakes region. Two areas of the park were listed as nationally recognized historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.[2] HistoryThe Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Company 778 worked at Gull Point from 1934 to 1935. The significance of the architecture used by the CCC is that it was designed to blend into its natural surroundings by means of its material, design, and workmanship.[4] There are two buildings that makeup "Area A" on the National Register: the lodge and the boathouse. The CCC started construction on the lodge by July 1934 and it was finished in April 1935. It is an irregularly shaped building composed of rubble sandstone built on a concrete foundation. The lodge is capped with an intersecting gable roof. Overlooking the lake is a three-sided bay covered by a pyramid roof. The boathouse was begun on September 24, 1934, and completed by February 1935. It is a rectangular building with hexagonal tower on its northeast corner. Like the lodge, it is composed of rubble sandstone and built on a concrete foundation. The boathouse has space for 30 boats and the custodian's office.[4] The two-story tower is open on the top floor and enclosed on the lower floor. "Area B" on the National Register includes the custodian's residence, service building, and west entrance gates. Construction on the residence was begun by September 1934, and it was completed by May 1935. Built over a basement, it is an L-shaped building composed of random rubble and capped with an intersecting gable roof. The house includes two bedrooms, bath, living and dining room, and a kitchen. The service building was begun by October 1934 and completed in March 1935. It is a single-story rectangular structure. Like the residence, it is composed of random rubble and capped with a gable roof. It features a two-stall garage on the north end and an office on the south. Construction on the west entrance gates had to be delayed because there was a lack of building stone. While they were 25% complete by February 1935, their completion date is unclear.[5] There are four entrance pillars composed of split sandstone boulders that mark the entrance. One set of pillars measure {{convert|11|by|4|ft|m}}, while the other set measures {{convert|11|by|8|ft|m}}. The wooden gates are not original. FacilitiesThe park features the largest lodge in Iowa to have been built by the CCC in the 1930s. Seating up to 140 people, it can be rented for private events. Several open picnic shelters are also available. The shaded campground, one of the most popular in the area, has 112 sites, over half with electrical hookups. Other campground facilities include modern restrooms and showers, a holding tank dump station, and a playground.[6] RecreationGull Point State Park provides numerous opportunities for water recreation, from a beach and boat ramp to fishing. The western half of the park features nature trails and, in winter, cross-country skiing. GeologyGull Point State Park occupies a peninsula on the west shore of West Okoboji Lake, Iowa's deepest natural lake, jutting out between Miller's Bay and Emerson's Bay. The area's lakes, wetlands, and sloughs interspersed with knobby hills are a kettle-and-kame landscape created during the last glacial period. The region was impacted by continental glaciers advancing and retreating between 13,500 and 12,000 years ago. Interconnected sloughs were created by runoff channels and hills by piles of rock debris. Many of the lakes and wetlands formed around blocks of ice left embedded in the ground as glaciers melted back. The shores of Gull Point are strewn with glacial erratics, igneous and metamorphic boulders from far to the north that were carried and dropped by the ice.[7] ControversyA tradition has developed of young adults gathering for a massive party on the Gull Point State Park beach during the 4th of July holiday. With crowds of several thousand packed onto the small beach, many individuals wind up standing in the water up to waist-deep. This has raised safety concerns, compounded by binge drinking and risky activities.[8] Underage drinking, public indecency, nudity, and sexual assault have become issues.[9] While hard liquor is banned in Iowa state parks, beer and wine are not. In 2010 the state government considered a ban on all alcohol on the 4th of July and adjacent weekends for Gull Point and nearby parks, soliciting public comment.[10] Ultimately a governor-appointed commission within the Iowa Department of Natural Resources narrowly voted down the ban 4-3.[11] Instead the multi-agency law enforcement presence has been increased, coupled with a parking ban on the entrance road to ensure access for emergency vehicles.[8] According to the State Parks Division, the heavy visitation and drinking issues have not extended to state parks outside the Iowa Great Lakes region.[10] References1. ^{{cite web | url={{Gnis3|457179}} | title=Gull Point State Park | date = 1979-04-30 | work=Geographic Names Information System | publisher=United States Geological Survey | accessdate=2011-02-27}} 2. ^1 {{NRISref|version=2010a}} 3. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=90001661}}|title=Gull Point State Park: Area A|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2016-05-31|author=Joyce McKay}} with {{NRHP url|id=90001661|photos=y|title=three photos from c. 1990}} 5. ^{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=90001662}}|title=Gull Point State Park: Area B|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2016-05-31|author=Joyce McKay}} with {{NRHP url|id=90001662|photos=y|title=three photos from c. 1990}} 6. ^{{Cite web | last = Iowa Department of Natural Resources | title = Gull Point State Park | publisher = Iowa Department of Natural Resources | url = http://www.iowadnr.gov/parks/state_park_list/gull_point.html | accessdate = January 27, 2011}} 7. ^{{Cite web | last1 = Seigley | first1 = Lynette S. | last2 = Quade | first2 = Deborah J. | title = Gull Point State Park: A Glacial Legacy | publisher = Iowa Department of Natural Resources | date = 1996 | url = http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/Browse/gullpt/gullpt.htm | accessdate = January 27, 2011}} 8. ^1 {{Cite news | last = Kemp | first = Andrea | title = Enforcement stepped up at Gull Point, area parks this Fourth | newspaper = Dickinson County News | location = Spirit Lake and Okoboji, Iowa | date = 30 June 2010 | url = http://www.dickinsoncountynews.com/story/1646105.html}} 9. ^{{Cite news | last = Beeman | first = Perry | title = Panel defeats proposed July 4 alcohol ban at Iowa Great Lakes state-park beaches | newspaper = Des Moines Register | location = Des Moines, Iowa | date = 9 September 2010 | url = http://blogs.desmoinesregister.com/dmr/index.php/2010/09/09/panell-defeats-proposed-july-4-alcohol-ban-at-iowa-great-lakes-state-park-beaches/}} 10. ^1 {{Cite news | last = Kemp | first = Andrea | title = The plan to ban: Public weighs in at public hearing on Gull Point debate | newspaper = Dickinson County News | location = Spirit Lake and Okoboji, Iowa | date = 21 July 2010 | url = http://www.dickinsoncountynews.com/story/1650916.html}} 11. ^{{Cite news | last = Kemp | first = Andrea | title = Narrow margin splits DNR commission: Alcohol ban not in place for 2011 | newspaper = Dickinson County News | location = Spirit Lake and Okoboji, Iowa | date = 15 September 2010 | url = http://www.dickinsoncountynews.com/story/1664449.html}} External links
10 : Protected areas established in 1933|Civilian Conservation Corps in Iowa|Rustic architecture in Iowa|State parks of Iowa|Protected areas of Dickinson County, Iowa|Buildings and structures in Dickinson County, Iowa|National Register of Historic Places in Dickinson County, Iowa|Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa|Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa|Historic districts in Dickinson County, Iowa |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。