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词条 Jerry Seinfeld
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Career

     Early career  Seinfeld  Post-Seinfeld  Books 

  3. Influences

  4. Personal life

     Wealth  Car collection 

  5. Discography

     Albums  Videos 

  6. Filmography

     Film  Television  Writing credits for Seinfeld 

  7. Awards and nominations

     Primetime Emmy Awards  Other awards 

  8. References

  9. External links

{{About|the comedian|the fictional main character of the television series Seinfeld|Jerry Seinfeld (character)}}{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2013}}{{Infobox comedian
| image = File:Jerry Seinfeld 2016 - 2.jpg
| caption = Seinfeld in 2016
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1954|4|29}}
| birth_place = Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
| birth_name = Jerome Allen Seinfeld
| education = Massapequa High School
| alma_mater = SUNY Oswego
Queens College {{small|(BA)}}
| medium = Stand-up, television, film
| active = 1976–present
| genre = Observational comedy, surreal humor, black comedy, cringe comedy, deadpan, satire
| subject = American culture, American politics, everyday life, gender differences, human behavior, social awkwardness, pop culture current events
| spouse = {{marriage|Jessica Sklar|1999}}
| children = 3
| signature = Seinfeldsignature.svg
| website = {{URL|jerryseinfeld.com}}
| footnotes =
}}Jerome Allen Seinfeld ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|f|ɛ|l|d}} {{respell|SYNE|feld}}; born April 29, 1954)[2] is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer, producer, and director. He is known for playing himself in the sitcom Seinfeld, which he created and wrote with Larry David. As a stand-up comedian, Seinfeld specializes in observational comedy; in 2005, Comedy Central named Seinfeld the "12th Greatest Stand-up Comedian of All Time."[3]

Seinfeld produced, co-wrote and starred in the 2007 film Bee Movie. In 2010, he premiered a reality series called The Marriage Ref, which aired for two seasons on NBC. He is the creator and host of the web series Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee.

Early life

Seinfeld was born in Brooklyn, New York City.[4] His father, Kálmán Seinfeld (1918–1985)[5][6] was of Hungarian Jewish descent, and collected jokes that he heard while serving in World War II.[4] His mother, Betty (née Hosni;[7] 1915–2014),[8][9][10] was of Mizrahi Jewish descent; her parents, Selim and Salha Hosni,[11] were from Aleppo.[12] His second cousin is musician and actor Evan Seinfeld.[13] Seinfeld grew up in Massapequa, New York, and attended Massapequa High School on Long Island.[14][15] At the age of 16, he spent time volunteering in Kibbutz Sa'ar in Israel.[16]

He attended State University of New York at Oswego, transferring after his second year to Queens College, City University of New York, graduating with a degree in communications and theater.[17][18]

Career

Early career

Seinfeld developed an interest in stand-up comedy after brief stints in college productions. He appeared on open-mic nights at Budd Friedman's Sex Club while attending Queens College.[19] After graduation in 1976, he tried out at an open-mic night at New York City's Catch a Rising Star, which led to an appearance in a Rodney Dangerfield HBO special.[20] In 1980, he had a small recurring role on the sitcom Benson, playing Frankie, a mail-delivery boy who had comedy routines that no one wanted to hear. Seinfeld was abruptly fired from the show due to creative differences.[20] Seinfeld has said that he was not actually told he had been fired until he turned up for the read-through session for an episode and found that there was no script for him.[21]

In May 1981, Seinfeld made a successful appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, impressing Carson and the audience and leading to frequent appearances on that show and others, including Late Night with David Letterman.[20]

On September 5, 1987 his first one-hour special Stand-Up Confidential aired live on HBO.

Seinfeld

{{Main|Seinfeld}}

Seinfeld created The Seinfeld Chronicles with Larry David in 1988 for NBC. The show was later renamed Seinfeld to avoid confusion with the short-lived teen sitcom The Marshall Chronicles. By its fourth season, it had become the most popular and successful sitcom on American television. The final episode aired in 1998, and the show has been a popular syndicated re-run.

Along with Seinfeld, the show starred Saturday Night Live veteran Julia Louis-Dreyfus and experienced actors Michael Richards and Jason Alexander. Alexander played George, a caricature of Larry David. Seinfeld is the only actor to appear in every episode of the show.[22]

Seinfeld has said that his show was influenced by the 1950s sitcom The Abbott and Costello Show. In the "Seinfeld Season 6" DVD set, commenting on the episode "The Gymnast", Seinfeld cited Jean Shepherd as an influence, saying, "He really formed my entire comedic sensibility—I learned how to do comedy from Jean Shepherd."

From 2004 to 2007, the former Seinfeld cast and crew recorded audio commentaries for episodes of the DVD releases of the show. Seinfeld provided commentary for multiple episodes.

Post-Seinfeld

After he ended his sitcom, Seinfeld returned to New York City to make a comeback with his stand-up comedy rather than stay in Los Angeles and continue his acting career. In 1998 he went on tour and recorded a comedy special, titled I'm Telling You for the Last Time. The process of developing and performing new material at clubs around the world was chronicled in a 2002 documentary, Comedian, which also featured fellow comic Orny Adams and was directed by Christian Charles. Seinfeld has written several books, mostly archives of past routines.

In the late 1990s, Apple Computer came up with the advertising slogan "Think different" and produced a 60-second commercial to promote the slogan. This commercial showed people who were able to "think differently", such as Albert Einstein, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and many others. It was later cut short to 30 seconds and altered such that Seinfeld was included at the end, whereas he had not been in the original cut. This shorter version of the commercial aired only once, during the series finale of Seinfeld.[23]

On November 18, 2004, Seinfeld appeared at the National Museum of American History to donate the "puffy shirt" he wore in the Seinfeld episode of the same name. He also gave a speech when presenting the "puffy shirt", saying humorously that "This is the most embarrassing moment of my life."{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

On May 13, 2006, Seinfeld had a cameo appearance on Saturday Night Live as host Julia Louis-Dreyfus' assassin. Louis-Dreyfus in her opening monologue mentioned the "Seinfeld curse." While talking about how ridiculous the "curse" was, a stage light suddenly fell next to her. The camera moved to a catwalk above the stage where Seinfeld was standing, holding a large pair of bolt cutters. He angrily muttered, "Damn it!" upset that it did not hit her. Louis-Dreyfus continued to say that she is indeed not cursed.

On February 25, 2007, Seinfeld appeared at the 79th Academy Awards as the presenter for "Best Documentary." Before announcing the nominations, he did a short stand-up comedy routine about the unspoken agreement between movie theater owners and movie patrons.[25]

On October 4, 2007, Seinfeld made a brief return to NBC, guest-starring as himself in the 30 Rock episode "SeinfeldVision."[26]

On February 24, 2008, at the 80th Academy Awards, Seinfeld appeared as the voice of his Bee Movie animated character Barry, presenting "Best Animated Short." Before announcing the nominees, he showed a montage of film clips featuring bees, saying that they were some of his early work (as Barry).

On June 2, 2008, amidst his spring 2008 tour, Seinfeld performed in his hometown of New York City for a one-night-only show at the Hammerstein Ballroom to benefit Stand Up for a Cure, a charity aiding lung cancer research at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

In August 2008, the Associated Press reported that Jerry Seinfeld would be the pitchman for Windows Vista, as part of a $300-million advertising campaign by Microsoft. The ads, which were intended to create buzz for Windows in support of the subsequent "I'm a PC" advertisements, began airing in mid-September 2008. They were cut from television after three installments; Microsoft opted to continue with the "I'm a PC" advertisements[27] and run the Seinfeld ads on the Microsoft website as a series of longer advertisements.[28]

In March 2009, it was announced that Seinfeld and the entire cast of Seinfeld would be appearing for a reunion in Larry David's HBO series Curb Your Enthusiasm. The fictional reunion took place in the seventh season's finale.

Seinfeld appeared on an episode of the Starz original series Head Case. As was the case in many of his previous guest appearances on sitcoms, he played himself.

In Australia, Seinfeld appeared on a series of advertisements for the Greater Building Society, a building society based in New South Wales and southeastern Queensland.[29] His appearance in these ads was highly publicized and considered a coup for the society, being the third time Seinfeld had appeared in a television commercial.[30] The advertisements were filmed in Cedarhurst, Long Island, with the street designed to emulate Beaumont Street in Hamilton, where the Greater's head offices are located.[31] Seinfeld also wrote the scripts for the 15 advertisements that were filmed. The ads largely aired in the Northern New South Wales television market, where the society has most of its branches.

Seinfeld was the first guest on Jay Leno's talk show, The Jay Leno Show, which premiered on September 14, 2009.

Seinfeld was featured on Saturday Night Live{{'}}s Weekend Update sketch to do the "Really!?!" segment with Seth Meyers. He executive produced and occasionally starred as a panelist in The Marriage Ref. On August 30, 2010, Seinfeld made a surprise guest appearance on The Howard Stern Show, mending the feud the two had in the early '90s.

Seinfeld toured the U.S. in 2011 and made his first stand-up appearance in the UK in 11 years. In July 2011, he was a surprise guest on The Daily Show, helping Jon Stewart to suppress his urge to tell "cheap" "Michele Bachmann's husband acts gay" jokes.[32] Seinfeld also launched a personal archives website at JerrySeinfeld.com and appeared in the HBO special Talking Funny with fellow comedians Chris Rock, Louis C.K., and Ricky Gervais in the same year.

In 2012 Seinfeld started a Web series, Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee, in which he would pick up a fellow comedian in a different car each episode and take them out for coffee and conversation. The initial series consisted of ten episodes lasting from 7 to 25 minutes each. Season 2 (2013) had six episodes, with guests including Don Rickles and David Letterman.[33]

In June 2013, he appeared on rapper Wale's album The Gifted, on the song "Outro About Nothing."[34]

Seinfeld received coverage for his speech at the 2014 Clio Awards ceremony, where he received an honorary award, as media reporters said that he "mocked" and "ripped apart" the advertising industry; his statement of "I love advertising because I love lying" received particular attention.[35][36]

On February 15, 2015, Seinfeld made a special appearance as a presenter on "SNL 40", the 40th anniversary special of Saturday Night Live.[37]

In January 2017, Seinfeld signed a comedy deal with Netflix.[38] As part of the deal, all episodes of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee would be made available on the streaming service, in addition to a new twenty-four episode season.[39] The deal also included two new Seinfeld stand-up specials and the development of scripted and non-scripted comedy programming for Netflix.[39] On September 19, 2017, Netflix released the standup comedy special Jerry Before Seinfeld.

Books

Seinfeld wrote the book Seinlanguage, released in 1993. Written as his television show was first rising in popularity, it is primarily an adaptation of his stand-up material. The title comes from an article in Entertainment Weekly listing the numerous catchphrases for which the show was responsible.[40]

In 2002, he wrote the children's book Halloween. The book was illustrated by James Bennett.[41]

Seinfeld wrote the forewords to Ted L. Nancy's Letters from a Nut series of books and Ed Broth's Stories from a Moron.[42] Seinfeld also wrote the foreword to the Peanut Butter & Co. Cookbook.

Influences

Seinfeld has cited as his influences the humorist Jean Shepherd,[43] and the comedians Jerry Lewis,[44] Bill Cosby,[45] George Carlin,[46] Jay Leno,[47] Robert Klein,[46] and Abbott and Costello,[48] and the actor Ricardo Montalban.[49] Performers and producers influenced by Seinfeld include Judd Apatow,[50] Kevin Hart,[50] and Dennis Miller.[51]

Personal life

Years before Seinfeld was created, Seinfeld dated Carol Leifer,[52][53] a fellow comedian and one of the inspirations for the Seinfeld character of Elaine.[54][55] On national TV with Dr. Ruth Westheimer, he explained how, in 1984, he was engaged but called it off.[56] When he was in his late 30s, Seinfeld had a four-year romantic relationship with high school student Shoshanna Lonstein who was 17 years old when they began dating.[57]

In August 1998, Seinfeld met Jessica Sklar at the Reebok Sports Club and they began dating. Sklar, a public relations executive for Tommy Hilfiger, had just returned from a three-week honeymoon in Italy with Eric Nederlander, a theatrical producer and scion of a theater-owning family. Sklar divorced Nederlander—she explained in a 2007 interview that they had been engaged in couples' therapy sessions prior to their marriage—and married Seinfeld on December 25, 1999.[58][59] Comedian George Wallace was the best man at the wedding.[60]

After the nuptials, Jerry and Jessica Seinfeld bought Billy Joel's house in Amagansett, Long Island, for US$32 million after news of the couple's interest in the property became public in 2000.[61][62]

The Seinfelds have one daughter and two sons. Their daughter Sascha was born on November 7, 2000;[63] their first son Julian Kal was born on March 1, 2003;[64] and their second son Shepherd Kellen was born on August 22, 2005—all in New York City.[65][66] Julian's middle name, Kal, relates to the first name of Seinfeld's father, Kalman, and that of Seinfeld's hero Superman, aka Kal-El.

Among Seinfeld's best friends are fellow comedians Larry David, Chris Rock, Louis C.K., George Wallace, Larry Miller, and Jay Leno.[67]

In 2000, Jessica Seinfeld launched Baby Buggy, a charity that provides clothing and gear for underprivileged women and children. She is the author of the best-seller Deceptively Delicious: Simple Secrets to Get Your Kids Eating Good Food, released by HarperCollins in October 2007.[68]

Seinfeld has made several political contributions, including George W. Bush's and Al Gore's presidential campaigns in 2000, and subsequently to four Democratic Party primary candidates in 2000 and 2004.[69]

Seinfeld stated that he dabbled in Scientology during his 30s,[70] although he says he was never in the organization.[71][72] The association came to light in 1992.[71]

A fan of the New York Mets, Seinfeld periodically calls Steve Somers' show on WFAN-AM, a sports talk radio station, as "Jerry from Queens."[73] Seinfeld called four innings of a Mets game on SportsNet New York on June 23, 2010, reuniting with analyst Keith Hernandez, who appeared in the Seinfeld two-part episode, "The Boyfriend."[74]

In December 2012, Seinfeld said that he had been practicing Transcendental Meditation (TM) for 40 years. He promoted the use of the technique in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with Bob Roth of the David Lynch Foundation in December 2012 on the Good Morning America television show,[75] and also appeared at a 2009 David Lynch Foundation benefit for TM, at which Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr appeared.[76]

On November 5, 2015, the David Lynch Foundation organized a benefit concert at New York City's Carnegie Hall called "Change Begins Within" to promote transcendental meditation for stress control. "It's been the greatest companion technique of living that I've ever come across, and I'm thrilled to be part of this movement that seems to have really been reinvigorated by Bob [Roth] and David Lynch", Seinfeld said. "I would do anything that I could to promote it in the world, because I think it's the greatest thing as a life tool, as a work tool and just making things make sense."[77]

Wealth

According to Forbes magazine, Seinfeld's cumulative earnings from Seinfeld as of 2004 was $267 million, placing him at the top of the celebrity "money rank" that year.[78] He reportedly turned down $5 million per episode, for 22 episodes, to continue the show for a 10th season.[79]

Seinfeld earned $100 million from syndication deals and stand-up performances in 2004, and $60 million in 2006.[80][81] He also earned $10 million for appearing with Bill Gates in Microsoft's 2008 advertisements for Windows.[82]

Between June 2008 and June 2009, Seinfeld earned $85 million, making him the world's highest-paid comedian during that 12-month period.[83] In 2013, Forbes documented Seinfeld's annual income as $32 million.[84] In mid-2013, Seinfeld disputed Forbes claims regarding his income and net worth on the radio show of Howard Stern.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

Seinfeld was ranked by Forbes the highest-paid comedian for 2015, the second-highest paid in 2016 and the highest-paid again in 2017.[85][86] Seinfeld's income between June 2016 and June 2017 was $69 million.[85]

Car collection

Seinfeld, an automobile enthusiast and avid collector, owns a collection of about 150 cars which includes a large Porsche collection.[87] He rented a hangar at the Santa Monica Airport, in Santa Monica, California, for an extended period of time during the 1990s for storage of some of the vehicles in the collection.[88] In 2002, Seinfeld purchased property on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City where he built a $1.4 million two-story garage to store part of his Porsche collection on the East Coast.[89][90]

One tally has Seinfeld owning 43 Porsches.[91] Paul Bannister has written that Seinfeld's collection includes Porsche 911s from various years, 10 Porsche Boxsters each painted a different color, and the 1955 Porsche 550 Spyder, the same model and pearl-grey color that actor James Dean was driving when he crashed and died.[100]

The Discovery Channel television show Chasing Classic Cars claims that Seinfeld owns the first and last air-cooled Porsche 911s produced. The centerpiece is a $700,000 Porsche 959, one of only 337 built. He was not allowed to drive it, because the car was "not street legal", which is because U.S. emissions and crash tests were not performed for the model since Porsche refused to donate four Porsche 959s for destruction tests. He imported the car "for exhibition purposes", on the stipulation that it may never be driven on U.S. roads.[92] The car was made U.S. street legal in 1999 under the "Show and Display" federal law.[93][94] Seinfeld wrote an article for the February 2004 issue of Automobile, reviewing the Porsche Carrera GT.[95]

In 2008, Seinfeld was involved in a car accident when the brakes on his 1967 Fiat 500 failed and, to avoid an intersection, he pulled the emergency brake while turning sharply, ultimately causing the car to come to a stop on its side. Seinfeld was unhurt.[96]

In an episode of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee, Seinfeld stated that he believes that the Lamborghini Miura is "the most beautiful car ever designed."[97]

Discography

Albums

Year Title Formats
1998 I'm Telling You for the Last Time CD/Cassette/Streaming
2017 Jerry Before Seinfeld LP

Videos

Year Title Formats
1993 Stand-Up Confidential VHS
1999 I'm Telling You for the Last Time VHS/DVD/Streaming
2017 Jerry Before Seinfeld Streaming

Filmography

Film

Year Title RoleNotes
1996 Eddie Himself Cameo
1999 Pros & Cons Prison Man #2 Cameo
2002 Comedian Himself Documentary
Also executive producer
2005 The Thing About My Folks Himself Cameo
2007 Bee Movie Barry B. Benson Voice
Also co-writer and producer
Nominated – Producers Guild of America Award for Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award – Animated
Nominated – Kids Choice Award for Favorite Voice from an Animated Movie
2014 Top Five Himself Uncredited cameo

Television

Year Title RoleNotes
1979 Benson Frankie 2 episodes
1982 An Evening at the Improv Himself Stand-up series
1984 The Ratings Game Network Rep Television film
1987 Stand-Up Confidential Himself HBO Stand-up special
1989–98 Seinfeld Jerry Seinfeld180 episodes; also co-creator, writer and executive producer
1992Carol Leifer: Gaudy, Bawdy & Blue Himself Sketch comedy special
1992, 1999Saturday Night Live Himself (host) 2 episodes
1993, 1998 The Larry Sanders Show Himself 2 episodes
1997 NewsRadio Himself Episode: "The Real Deal"
1998 I'm Telling You for the Last Time Himself HBO Stand-up special
1998 Mad About You Himself Uncredited
Episode: "Season Opener"
1999 Curb Your Enthusiasm Himself HBO mockumentary comedy special
2000 Dilbert Comp-U-Comp (voice) Episode: "The Return"
2004, 2009 Curb Your Enthusiasm Himself 6 episodes
2007 30 Rock Himself Episode: "SeinfeldVision"
2010–11 The Marriage Ref Himself 9 episodes; also creator and executive producer
2012, 2014Louie Himself 2 episodes
2012–present Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee Himself (host) 59 episodes; also creator and executive producer
2015 Inside Amy Schumer Himself Episode: "80s Ladies"
2016 The Jim Gaffigan Show Himself Episode: "The Calling"
2016 Maya & Marty Himself Episode #1.5
2017 Mystery Science Theater 3000 Freak Masterstroke Episode: "Starcrash"
2017 If You're Not in the Obit, Eat Breakfast Himself HBO documentary film
2017 Jerry Before Seinfeld Himself Netflix Stand-up special

Writing credits for Seinfeld

The list below only includes episodes mainly written by Seinfeld, as he (and Larry David in Seasons 1 through 7) rewrote the drafts for each episode.

Season 1
  • The Seinfeld Chronicles (with Larry David)
  • Male Unbonding (with Larry David)
  • The Stake Out (with Larry David)
  • The Stock Tip (with Larry David)
Season 2
  • The Ex-Girlfriend (with Larry David)
  • The Pony Remark (with Larry David)
  • The Busboy (with Larry David)
  • The Jacket (with Larry David)
  • The Chinese Restaurant (with Larry David)
  • The Phone Message (with Larry David)
Season 3
  • The Stranded (with Larry David and Matt Goldman)
Season 4
  • The Shoes (with Larry David)
Season 5
  • The Sniffing Accountant (with Larry David)
  • The Raincoats (with Larry David, Tom Gammill, and Max Pross)
  • The Opposite (with Larry David and Andy Cowan)
Season 6
  • The Kiss Hello (with Larry David)
Season 7
  • The Cadillac, Parts 1 and 2 (with Larry David)

Awards and nominations

Primetime Emmy Awards

List of Primetime Emmy Awards and nominations received by Jerry Seinfeld
YearCategoryProjectEpisodeResultRef.
1991 Outstanding Writing for a Comedy SeriesSeinfeld "The Pony Remark" {{nom}}
[98]
1992 Outstanding Comedy Series {{nom}}
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series "The Boyfriend" {{nom}}
1993 Outstanding Comedy Series {{won}}
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series "The Opera" {{nom}}
1994 Outstanding Comedy Series {{nom}}
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series "The Puffy Shirt" {{nom}}
1995 Outstanding Comedy Series {{nom}}
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series "The Diplomat's Club" {{nom}}
1996 Outstanding Comedy Series {{nom}}
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series "The Gum" {{nom}}
1997 Outstanding Comedy Series {{nom}}
1998 Outstanding Comedy Series {{nom}}
1999 Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special I'm Telling You for the Last Time {{nom}}
2013 Outstanding Short-Format Nonfiction ProgramComedians in Cars Getting Coffee {{nom}}
2014 Outstanding Short-Format Nonfiction Program {{nom}}
2016 Outstanding Variety Talk Series {{nom}}

Other awards

  • American Comedy Award for Funniest Male Performer in a TV Series (1992)
  • American Comedy Award for Funniest Male Performer in a TV Series (1993)
  • Nominated – American Comedy Award for Funniest Male Performer in a TV Series (1996)
  • Nominated – American Comedy Award for Funniest Male Performer in a TV Series (1999)
  • Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy (1993)
  • Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy (1994)
  • Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy (1995)
  • Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy (1997)
  • Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series (1994)
  • Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series (1995)
  • Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series (1996)
  • Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series (1997)

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jerry-seinfeld/|title=Jrrry Seinfeld Pofile|publisher=Forbes.com | accessdate=2017-07-293|archivedate= July 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6sK7SEDzG?url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jerry-seinfeld/|deadurl=no}}
2. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jerry-seinfeld/bio/156837| title=Jerry Seinfeld | publisher= TV Guide| accessdate= November 20, 2014| archivedate= June 21, 2013| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130621051434/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jerry-seinfeld/bio/156837}}
3. ^Non-archived Comedy Central list {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040605175309/http://www.comedycentral.com/tv_shows/100greatest/list.jhtml|date=June 5, 2004}} via {{cite web|url=http://www.listology.com/list/comedy-central-100-greatest-standups-all-time|title=Comedy Central 100 Greatest Standups of all Time|date=May 19, 2005|publisher=Listology.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125061218/http://www.listology.com/list/comedy-central-100-greatest-standups-all-time|archivedate=November 25, 2010|accessdate=October 16, 2012}} and {{cite web|url=http://www.ranker.com/list/comedy-central_s-100-greatest-standups-of-all-time-v1/celebrity-insider|title=Comedy Central's 100 Greatest Standups of All Time|publisher=Ranker.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212153344/http://www.ranker.com/list/comedy-central_s-100-greatest-standups-of-all-time-v1/celebrity-insider|archivedate=December 12, 2016|deadurl=bot: unknown|accessdate=July 29, 2017|df=mdy-all}} Ranker also archived in two parts: on December 12, 2016, [https://archive.is/20170729174926/http://www.ranker.com/list/comedy-central_s-100-greatest-standups-of-all-time-v1/celebrity-insider?page=2 page 2] on July 29, 2017.
4. ^1 {{cite news| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/23/magazine/jerry-seinfeld-intends-to-die-standing-up.html | title=Jerry Seinfeld Intends to Die Standing Up|first=Jonah| last= Weiner| date= December 20, 2012|work=The New York Times Magazine}}
5. ^{{cite news|url= https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/23/seinfelds-back-story-about-something/|title= Seinfeld's Back Story, About Something|work=The New York Times | first=Alison Leigh|last=Cown|date=April 23, 2009|accessdate=July 29, 2017 | archivedate= July 29, 2017|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170729172522/https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/23/seinfelds-back-story-about-something/|deadurl=no}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.geni.com/people/Kalmen-Seinfeld/6000000012864090560|title=Kalmen Seinfeld|publisher=Geni.com|accessdate= July 29, 2017| archivedate= July 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729064437/https://www.geni.com/people/Kalmen-Seinfeld/6000000012864090560|deadurl=no}}
7. ^She also used the last name Hesney, per Cowan, The New York Times.
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/04/if-youre-not-in-the-obit-eat-breakfast-documentary-about-90-generation-hbo-june-5-1202063793/ | title= If You're Not In The Obit, Eat Breakfast' Documentary About 90+ Generation Gets June Bow On HBO| first= Anita|last= Busch|date=April 6, 2017 |accessdate=July 29, 2017|website=Deadline Hollywood|quote="' was inspired by Carl, Norman Lear and (the late) Betty Seinfeld,' Shapiro told Deadline. 'Jerry Seinfeld's mom was so vivacious, and she was always having fun and laughing all the way into her 99th year.'}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mylife.com/betty-seinfeld/e50121780912 |title=Betty Seinfeld, Katonah, NY, Age: 99 - 12/12/1917 -04/18/2014| publisher=MyLife.com|accessdate=July 29, 2017|archivedate=July 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6sK5w6Ukz?url=https://www.mylife.com/betty-seinfeld/e50121780912|deadurl=no}})
10. ^{{cite book| title=Seinfeld: The Making of an American Icon |first=Jerry |last=Oppenheimer| publisher=Harper|year= 2002| isbn=978-0060188726}} {{page needed|date=April 2017}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/23/seinfelds-back-story-about-something/|title=Seinfeld's Back Story, About Something|work=The New York Times| first=Alison Leigh|last=Cowan|date= April 23, 2009| quote= Kalmen Seinfeld died in 1985 in Florida.... The death certificate noted that he worked in the sign business and was survived by his wife, the former Betty Hesney.}}
12. ^{{Cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/24/nyregion/24records.html | work=The New York Times | title=The Paper Trail of Jerry Seinfeld Leads Back to Ellis Island and Beyond | date=April 24, 2009}} Her family identified their nationality as Turkish when they emigrated to the United States in 1917.
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.teethofthedivine.com/featured/interview-with-evan-seinfeld/4/|title=Interview with Evan Seinfeld " Teeth of the Divine|website=www.teethofthedivine.com}}
14. ^{{cite news | last = Kornfeld | first = Michael | url =https://www.nytimes.com/specials/seinfeld/sein89.html | title =A Single Comedian Is Returning to His Roots| work = The New York Times | date = July 23, 1989 | accessdate= March 6, 2008}}
15. ^{{cite news | last = Kellerman | first = Vivien | url =https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/28/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-massapequa-park-li-fine-schools-famous-alumni.html| title =If You're Thinking of Living In/Massapequa Park, L.I.;Fine Schools, Famous Alumni | work = The New York Times | date = July 28, 1996 | accessdate= November 20, 2014}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/927462.html|title=American Jewish comedian Jerry Seinfeld in Israel to promote new movie|agency=Associated Press| via=Haaretz|accessdate=May 10, 2009| archivedate=February 15, 2009 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215185638/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/927462.html }}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2013/07/jerry_seinfeld_syracuse_landmark_suny_oswego.html |title=Jerry Seinfeld talks SUNY Oswego, Pop-Tarts, marriage, more during Syracuse performance |publisher=Syracuse.com |location=Syracuse, New York |first=Geoff |last=Herbert |date=July 19, 2013 |accessdate=February 7, 2017 |archivedate=February 7, 2017 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170207005809/http://www.syracuse.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2013/07/jerry_seinfeld_syracuse_landmark_suny_oswego.html |deadurl=no |df= }}
18. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.biography.com/people/jerry-seinfeld-9542107| title=Jerry Seinfeld Biography" Film Actor, Screenwriter, Television Actor, Comedian, Television Producer (1954–)| publisher=Biography.com (FYI / A&E Networks) | accessdate= February 7, 2017| archivedate=January 5, 2017| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170105123011/http://www.biography.com/people/jerry-seinfeld-9542107#synopsis|deadurl=no}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://israeliculture.about.com/culture/israeliculture/library/weekly/aa042098.htm|title=Seinfeld's Kibbutz Days|publisher=Israeli Culture|accessdate=May 10, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010223215641/http://israeliculture.about.com/culture/israeliculture/library/weekly/aa042098.htm|archivedate=February 23, 2001}}
20. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/person/64376/Jerry-Seinfeld/biography|title=Jerry Seinfeld |work= = The New York Times |accessdate=July 18, 2010}}
21. ^Interview in "How It Began," a special feature in the Seinfeld Season 1 & 2 DVD
22. ^Jason Alexander did not appear in "The Pen"; Julia Louis-Dreyfus did not appear in the pilot, "The Trip, Part 1", or "The Trip, Part 2"; and Michael Richards did not appear in "The Chinese Restaurant" or "The Pen."
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.theapplecollection.com/Collection/AppleMovies/mov/jerrysteinfield.mov |title=Seinfeld's commercial |accessdate=August 22, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716221221/http://www.theapplecollection.com/Collection/AppleMovies/mov/jerrysteinfield.mov |archivedate=July 16, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}
24. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/30/business/media-business-advertising-seinfeld-superman-join-forces-again-spots-for.html |title=Seinfeld and Superman join forces again in spots for American Express, this time on the Web. |last=Elliott |first=Stuart |publisher=New York Times |date=30 March 2004 |accessdate=19 March 2016}}
25. ^{{cite web |url= http://deadline.com/2007/02/jerry-seinfeld-auditioning-for-80th-oscars-1493/ |last=Finke |first=Nikki |title=Seinfeld Auditioning To Host 80th Oscars? |website=Deadline Hollywood |publisher=Penske Media Corporation |date=26 February 2007 |accessdate=19 March 2016}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/tvnews.php?id=22046 |title=Seinfeld to Guest Star on 30 Rock |publisher=ComingSoon.net |date=July 16, 2007 |accessdate=August 22, 2011}}
27. ^{{cite news|last=Coyle|first=Jake|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug21/0,4670,MicrosoftSeinfeld,00.html|title=Seinfeld to be pitchman for Microsoft|date=August 21, 2008|publisher=foxnews.com|accessdate=October 16, 2012}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/windows/watchtheads/video/newfamily/ |title=Microsoft Showcase: Watch videos from Microsoft's online video collection |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=August 22, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823054859/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/watchtheads/video/newfamily/ |archivedate=August 23, 2009 }}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Jerry Seinfeld joins the Greater |work=Greater Building Society |date=July 9, 2008 |url=http://www.greater.com.au |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810061600/https://www.greater.com.au/ |archivedate=August 10, 2015 }}
30. ^{{cite news|title=Jerry Seinfeld films advertisement for Newcastle's Greater Building Society |work=Daily Telegraph |date=July 10, 2009 |url=http://www.news.com.au/business/money/story/0,28323,25759196-5013952,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711062241/http://www.news.com.au/business/money/story/0%2C28323%2C25759196-5013952%2C00.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=July 11, 2009 |df= }}
31. ^{{cite web|title=New Greater website has exclusive behind the scenes footage from the commercials starring Jerry Seinfeld |work=Greater Building Society |date=July 13, 2009 |url=http://www.greater.com.au |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810061600/https://www.greater.com.au/ |archivedate=August 10, 2015 }}
32. ^{{cite episode |series=The Daily Show |airdate=July 13, 2010|url=http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/wed-july-13-2011/comedy-repression-therapy|title=Matthew Richardson}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://comediansincarsgettingcoffee.com/ |title=Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee website |publisher=Comediansincarsgettingcoffee.com |accessdate=2014-07-19}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-gifted/id647928009 |title=iTunes - Music - The Gifted by Wale |publisher=Itunes.apple.com |date=2013-06-25 |accessdate=2014-01-07}}
35. ^{{cite news|author1=Ryan Grenoble|title=Seinfeld's Advertising Award Acceptance Speech Mercilessly Mocks Ad Execs|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/03/seinfeld-clio-speech-advertising-award_n_5929388.html|accessdate=October 12, 2014|work=Huffington Post|date=October 6, 2014}}
36. ^{{cite news|author1=Zachary M. Seward|title=Jerry Seinfeld ripped apart the advertising industry on its biggest night|url=http://qz.com/276396/jerry-seinfeld-ripped-apart-the-advertising-industry-on-its-biggest-night/|accessdate=October 12, 2014|work=Quartz|date=October 5, 2014}}
37. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-jzbKRi7Qc "Audience Q&A - SNL 40th Anniversary Special"], Saturday Night Live
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/jerry-seinfeld-netflix-comedians-cars/|title=Netflix Nabs 'Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee,' 2 New Jerry Seinfeld Stand-Up Specials|website=The Wrap|first=Tony|last=Maglio|date=January 17, 2017|accessdate=January 17, 2017}}
39. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/01/comedians-in-cars-getting-coffee-move-netflix-crackle-jerry-seinfeld-deal-standup-specials-series-1201888377/|title=Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee' Moves To Netflix As Part Of Big Jerry Seinfeld Deal That Includes Specials & Series|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Nellie|last=Andreeva|date=January 17, 2017|accessdate=January 17, 2017}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,306170,00.html|title=Seinlanguage|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=April 9, 1993|accessdate=Dec 31, 2013|author=Fretts, Bruce}}
41. ^{{cite book| title=Halloween |author=Jerry Seinfeld |others=(Illustrated by James Bennett)}}
42. ^{{Cite news| url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-04-27-seinfeld_x.htm | work=USA Today | title=Seinfeld stirs up publicity | first1=Susan | last1=Wloszczyna | date=April 28, 2005 | accessdate=May 6, 2010}}
43. ^{{YouTube|itWxXyCfW5s}}
44. ^{{cite video|title=Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee|medium=TV|publisher=Netflix|location=S10E12 Here's Jerry|date=July 6, 2018}}
45. ^{{Cite video| people = Seinfeld, Jerry| url = http://video.pbs.org/video/1317746583/| title = The 12th Annual Mark Twain Prize for American Humor| medium = TV| publisher =PBS| location = |date = November 4, 2009}}
46. ^1 {{Cite video| people = Seinfeld, Jerry| title = Jerry Seinfeld: The Comedian Award| medium = TV| publisher =HBO| location = |date = April 1, 2007}}
47. ^{{Cite video| people = Seinfeld, Jerry| url = http://www.blogtalkradio.com/robin-milling/2010/09/29/milling-about-flashback-with-jerry-seinfeld| title = Milling About Flashback with Jerry Seinfeld| time = approx. 7:00 | medium = Radio| publisher =BlogTalkRadio | location = |date = September 29, 2010}}
48. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,304661,00.html|title=TV Review: Abbott & Costello Meet Jerry Seinfeld | work = Entertainment Weekly|date=November 25, 1994|author=Tucker, Ken|accessdate=November 15, 2009}}
49. ^{{Cite video| people = Seinfeld, Jerry| title = Seinfeld, Season 6, "The Gymnast"| medium = DVD commentary| publisher =NBC| location = |date = November 22, 2005}}
50. ^1 {{Cite news| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/23/magazine/jerry-seinfeld-intends-to-die-standing-up.html | title = Jerry Seinfeld Intends to Die Standing Up| work=The New York Times|date=December 20, 2012|author=Weiner, Jonah|accessdate=February 25, 2013}}
51. ^{{cite interview |last= Miller |first= Dennis |interviewer= Dennis Miller |title= The Dennis Miller Show |url=http://www.dennismillerradio.com |date= 2014-02-05 }}
52. ^{{cite book |title=Jerry Seinfeld: Much Ado About Nothing |last=Levine |first=Josh |year=1993 |publisher=ECW Press |isbn=1550222015 |page=77|url=https://books.google.com/?id=UQlKvbbV3RgC&pg=PA77}}
53. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2012/10/15/comedian-secrets-revealed-behind-scenes-stories-jerry-seinfeld-ray-romano-and/|title=Comedian Secrets Revealed! Behind-the-scenes stories of Jerry Seinfeld, Ray Romano, and more before they were stars|date=October 15, 2012|publisher=foxnews.com|accessdate=October 16, 2012}}
54. ^{{cite book |title=Pretty, Pretty, Pretty Good: Larry David and the Making of Seinfeld and Curb Your Enthusiasm |last=Levine |first=Josh |year=2010 |publisher=ECW Press |isbn=1550229478 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=M468S1IekbkC&pg=PT19}}
55. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1107357|title=Comedienne CAROL LEIFER ("Leefer")|date=December 15, 1993|publisher=npr.org|accessdate=October 16, 2012}}
56. ^{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmAx5oRjhSY|title=Jerry Seinfeld and Dr. Ruth talk sex - 1986|date=August 6, 2011|publisher=|via=YouTube}}
57. ^"Shoshanna Lonstein." Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Gale Biography In Context. Web. Feb 10. 2011.
58. ^{{cite news|title=How I Met Jerry Seinfeld, Scene 1, Take 2|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/04/fashion/04seinfeld.html |accessdate=January 31, 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 4, 2007|author=Allen Salkin}}
59. ^{{cite web|title=NEWS/ Jerry Seinfeld: Married Man!|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/39179/jerry-seinfeld-married-man|work=E!|publisher=E! Entertainment Television, LLC|accessdate=January 31, 2014|author=Bridget Byrne|date=December 25, 1999}}
60. ^{{cite news|title=VegasBeat — Columnist Timothy McDarrah: Seinfeld will stand, by George|url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2004/jan/16/vegasbeat----columnist-timothy-mcdarrah-seinfeld-w/|accessdate=January 31, 2014|newspaper=Las Vegas Sun|date=17–18 January 2004|author=Timothy McDarrah}}
61. ^{{cite web|title=Inside Jerry Seinfeld's 'Laid-Back,' $32M Hamptons Mansion|url=http://homes.yahoo.com/news/inside-jerry-seinfelds-laid-back-32m-hamptons-mansion-160005099.html|work=Yahoo! Homes|publisher=Yahoo!, Inc|accessdate=January 31, 2014|author=Amy Schellenbaum|date=October 25, 2013}}
62. ^{{cite news|title=Billy Joel's East Hampton $40 Million Home To Seinfeld|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2000-03-03/news/0003040157_1_guest-house-buying-bruce-wasserstein|accessdate=January 31, 2014|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=March 3, 2000}}
63. ^{{cite web|last=Silverman |first=Stephen M. |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,618638,00.html |title=Seinfeld: And Baby Makes Three – Jerry Seinfeld |publisher=People.com |date=July 3, 1998 |accessdate=August 22, 2011}}
64. ^{{cite web|last=Silverman |first=Stephen M. |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,625617,00.html |title=Jerry Seinfeld's a Daddy Once More – Jerry Seinfeld |publisher=People.com |date=March 3, 2003 |accessdate=August 22, 2011}}
65. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/people/a-boy-for-jerry/2005/08/26/1124563009721.html | location=Melbourne | work=The Age | title=A boy for Jerry | date=August 26, 2005}}
66. ^{{cite web|last=Peterson |first=Todd |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1098099,00.html |title=Jerry Seinfeld & Wife Welcome Third Child – Birth, Jerry Seinfeld |publisher=People.com |date=August 25, 2005 |accessdate=August 22, 2011}}
67. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1665827,00.html |title=Jerry Seinfeld Goes Back to Work|last=Cagle|first=Jess|date=September 26, 2007|work=Time|accessdate=October 2, 2010}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.harpercollins.com/books/9780061251344/Deceptively_Delicious/index.aspx |title=Deceptively Simple |publisher=Harpercollins.com |date=March 24, 2010 |accessdate=August 22, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414005333/http://www.harpercollins.com/books/9780061251344/Deceptively_Delicious/index.aspx |archivedate=April 14, 2010 }}
69. ^"Jerry Seinfeld's Federal Campaign Contribution Report", Newsmeat — America's most popular campaign donor search engine. Accessed May 10, 2008. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010151510/http://www.newsmeat.com/celebrity_political_donations/Jerry_Seinfeld.php |date=October 10, 2013 }}
70. ^{{cite web|url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/21535797/ns/today-entertainment/t/seinfeld-admits-he-dabbled-scientology/|title=Seinfeld admits he dabbled in Scientology|work=TODAY.com}}
71. ^1 {{cite book|author=Josh Levine|title=Jerry Seinfeld: Much Ado About Nothing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UQlKvbbV3RgC&pg=PA19|date=October 1, 1993|publisher=ECW Press|isbn=978-1-55022-201-2|pages=19–20}}
72. ^{{Cite news| last =Shales | first =Tom | title =Seinfeld, a Stand-Up Kind of Guy; The Star of NBC's Hip, Hot Half-Hour, on Comedy With a Heart of Darkness | work = The Washington Post | publisher = The Washington Post Company | page = B1 | date = April 22, 1992 }}
73. ^{{cite news|title=Mets Seinfeld And The Schmoozer: 'Jerry From Queens' Talks Mets Magic On WFAN|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/06/05/seinfeld-and-the-schmoozer-jerry-from-queens-talks-mets-magic-on-wfan/|accessdate=January 31, 2014|newspaper=CBS Local|date=June 5, 2012}}
74. ^{{cite web|author=Jesse Sanchez / MLB.com |url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100618&content_id=11310026&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb |title=Seinfeld to grace Mets booth Wednesday | MLB.com: News |publisher=Mlb.mlb.com |accessdate=August 22, 2011}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bienfaits-meditation.com/en/david_lynch_foundation/abcnews_jerry_seinfeld |title=Jerry Seinfeld on Importance of Meditation for PTSD |publisher=abcNEWS.com |date=December 13, 2012 |accessdate=2007-03-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907043744/http://www.bienfaits-meditation.com/en/david_lynch_foundation/abcnews_jerry_seinfeld |archivedate=September 7, 2013 }}
76. ^{{cite web|title=At Radio City, Paul and Ringo together again|url=http://www.popmatters.com/article/72736-at-radio-city-paul-and-ringo-together-again/|work=PopMatters|publisher=PopMatters Media, Inc|accessdate=January 31, 2014|author=Glenn Gamboa|date=April 6, 2009}}
77. ^{{cite news |last= Grow |first= Kory |date= |title= Katy Perry, Sting Stun at David Lynch's Meditation Benefit Concert - Jerry Seinfeld, Angelique Kidjo, Jim James and others also perform and explain relaxation technique's importance to them at New York's Carnegie Hall |url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/katy-perry-sting-stun-at-david-lynchs-meditation-benefit-concert-20151105 |newspaper= Rolling Stone Magazine |location= |archive-url= https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/katy-perry-sting-stun-at-david-lynchs-meditation-benefit-concert-20151105 |archive-date=November 5, 2015 |access-date= November 14, 2015 }}
78. ^{{Cite news|url= https://www.forbes.com/lists/home.jhtml?passListId=53&passYear=1999&passListType=Person |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100116135244/http://www.forbes.com/lists/home.jhtml?passListId=53&passYear=1999&passListType=Person |archivedate= 2010-01-16 |title= Forbes list |accessdate =December 18, 2007}}
79. ^{{Cite news|url= http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9712/26/seinfeld/|title= CNN- Seinfeld to end show |publisher= CNN|date= December 26, 1997|accessdate =December 18, 2007}}
80. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/53/Compen_Salary.html |title=The Celebrity 100 |publisher=Forbes.com |accessdate=February 5, 2012}}
81. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/53/07celebrities_The-Celebrity-100_EarningsPrevYear.html | work=Forbes | title=The Celebrity 100 - Forbes.com | date=June 14, 2007}}
82. ^TV Guide, September 7, 2008.
83. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/07/13/top-earning-comedians-business-entertainment-top-earning-comedians.html | work=Forbes | first=Lacey | last=Rose | title=The Top-Earning Comedians | date=July 13, 2009}}
84. ^{{cite web|title=Jerry Seinfeld annual income Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jerry-seinfeld/|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=September 16, 2013}}
85. ^1 {{cite web|title = The Highest-Paid Comedians 2015|url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2015/10/21/the-worlds-highest-paid-comedians-2015/|website = Forbes|accessdate = 2015-10-22}}
86. ^{{cite news|last1=Berg|first1=Madeline|title=The World's Highest-Paid Comedians 2017: Jerry Seinfeld Returns To The Top Spot|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2017/07/27/the-worlds-highest-paid-comedians-2017-jerry-seinfeld-returns-to-the-top-spot/|accessdate=28 July 2017|work=Forbes|date=July 27, 2017|language=en}}
87. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/23/magazine/jerry-seinfeld-intends-to-die-standing-up.html|title=Jerry Seinfeld Intends to Die Standing Up|date=December 23, 2012|work=The New York Times}}
88. ^{{Cite book|title = Seinfeld Reference: The Complete Encyclopedia with Biographies, Character Profiles & Episode Summaries|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9RyY2Mtqk54C&lpg=PT45&dq=jerry%20seinfeld%20rented%20a%20hangar%20at%20the%20Santa%20Monica%20Airport&pg=PT45#v=onepage|publisher = Praetorian Publishing|access-date = 2015-04-22|isbn = 9780967985244|first = Dennis|last = Bjorklund}}
89. ^Inside Jerry Seinfeld's Super Secret Manhattan Garage (Retrieved from TheComplex.com on 28 October 2016)
90. ^Seinfeld Builds a Parking Lot (Retrieved from The Observer on 28 October 2016)
91. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.complexmag.ca/rides/2013/04/inside-jerry-seinfelds-super-secret-manhattan-garage |archive-url=https://archive.is/20140420012505/http://www.complexmag.ca/rides/2013/04/inside-jerry-seinfelds-super-secret-manhattan-garage |dead-url=yes |archive-date=April 20, 2014 |title=Inside Jerry Seinfeld's Super Secret Manhattan Garage |publisher=Complex |date=April 24, 2013}}
92. ^1 {{Cite book|last=Bannister|first=Paul|title=The Comedians|pages=74–75}}
93. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.forbesautos.com/advice/toptens/billionaire/02-bill_gates.html |title=William Gates III |work=Forbes |accessdate=August 22, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223132219/http://www.forbesautos.com/advice/toptens/billionaire/02-bill_gates.html |archivedate=December 23, 2008 |df=mdy-all }}
94. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/cars/rules/import/ShowDisplay/howtosd072003.html |title=How To Import A Motor Vehicle For Show Or Display |publisher=Nhtsa.dot.gov |accessdate=August 22, 2012}}
95. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.944fest.com/Media/Jerryskids.html |publisher=Automobile via 944Fest.com |title=[no title available] |date=February 2004 |accessdate=December 16, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425053733/http://www.944fest.com/Media/Jerryskids.html |archivedate=April 25, 2010 }}
96. ^{{cite web | title = The real story about Jerry Seinfeld's Mystery Car Crash | publisher = Automobile Magazine, April 5, 2008, Phil Foraday | url = http://www.automobilemag.com/news/the-real-story-about-jerry-seinfelds-mystery-car-crash-134299/}}
97. ^{{cite web|title=Seinfeld and Chris Rock laugh it up in a Lamborghini Miura|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2013/07/18/jerry-seinfeld-chris-rock-laugh-in-lamborghini-miura-video/|publisher=Auto Blog|accessdate=December 29, 2014|date=July 18, 2013}}
98. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/celebrities/jerry-seinfeld |title=Jerry Seinfeld |publisher=Academy of Television Arts & Sciences |accessdate=April 29, 2018}}

External links

{{sisterlinks|commons=Category:Jerry Seinfeld|d=Q215506|v=no|b=no|s=no|voy=no|species=no|wikt=no}}
  • {{Official website|jerryseinfeld.com}}
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{{Jerry Seinfeld|state=uncollapsed}}{{Navboxes
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|list ={{GoldenGlobeBestActorTVComedy 1990-2009}}{{ScreenActorsGuildAwards EnsembleTVComedy 1994–1999}}
}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Seinfeld, Jerry}}

48 : 1954 births|20th-century American comedians|20th-century American male actors|20th-century American non-fiction writers|21st-century American comedians|21st-century American male actors|21st-century American non-fiction writers|20th-century Mizrahi Jews|21st-century Mizrahi Jews|20th-century American male writers|American car collectors|Film producers from New York (state)|American male comedy actors|American Mizrahi Jews|American male comedians|American male television actors|American memoirists|American people of Syrian-Jewish descent|American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent|American male screenwriters|American stand-up comedians|American television writers|American Zionists|Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (television) winners|Comedians from New York City|Jewish American comedians|Jewish American male actors|Jewish American writers|Jewish male comedians|Jews and Judaism in New York City|Living people|Male actors from New York City|Male television writers|Mizrahi Jews|People from Amagansett, New York|People from Massapequa, New York|Primetime Emmy Award winners|Queens College, City University of New York alumni|Showrunners|State University of New York at Oswego alumni|Television producers from New York City|Transcendental Meditation practitioners|Writers from Brooklyn|American male non-fiction writers|Screenwriters from New York (state)|People from the Upper West Side|Massapequa High School alumni|Criticism of political correctness
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