“Jerzy Andrzejewski”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Jerzy Andrzejewski ({{IPA-pl|ˈjɛʐɨ andʐɛˈjɛfskʲi}}; 19 August 1909 – 19 April 1983) was a prolific Polish author. His novels, Ashes and Diamonds (about the immediate post-war situation in Poland), and Holy Week (treating the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising), have been made into film adaptations by the Oscar-winning Polish director Andrzej Wajda. Holy Week and Ashes and Diamonds have both been translated into English.^[1] His novel The Gates of Paradise was translated into English by James Kirkup and published by Panther Books with the anglicised spelling "George Andrzeyevski".

Life and career

Born in Warsaw in 1909, Andrzejewski studied philology at the University of Warsaw in the Second Polish Republic. In 1932 he debuted in ABC Magazine with his first short story entitled Wobec czyjegoś życia. In 1936 he published a full collection of short stories called Drogi nieuniknione, in Biblioteka Prosto z mostu, and soon received broad recognition for his new, Catholic-inspired novel Ład serca from 1938.

Immediately after World War II, Andrzejewski published the volume Night (Noc, 1945) and his most famous novel so far, Ashes and Diamonds (Popiół i diament, 1948). Having joined the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) in 1950, he left the party after the 1956 Polish October protests and riots.^[2] After the suppression of the Prague Spring, in which Polish troops participated, Andrzejewski wrote a letter of apology to Eduard Goldstücker, the chairman of the Czechoslovak Writers Union. In 1976 Andrzejewski was one of the founding members of the intellectual opposition group KOR (Workers' Defence Committee). Later, Andrzejewski was a strong supporter of Poland's anti-Communist Solidarity movement.

Although he was frequently considered a front-runner for the Nobel Prize for Literature, he never received the honor. His purported alcoholism in his later years may have hindered his literary output, thus preventing him from ever becoming a true moral authority.^[2]

Legacy

Andrzejewski's wartime writings, which inspired the Anti-Nazi Home Army, and in turn his post-war work as a propagandist for Stalinism in Poland are analyzed in Czesław Miłosz's The Captive Mind. In that book, Miłosz refers to Andrzejewski only as "Alpha."^[1] According to Miłosz, Andrzejewski's writing is "sainted and supercilious," and other poets and writers in postwar Poland considered him a "respectable prostitute."^[3]

On 23 September 2006, Jerzy Andrzejewski was posthumously awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta by Polish President Lech Kaczyński.

List of works

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/andrzeje.htm |title=Jerzy Andrzejewski |website=Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi) |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=Kuusankoski Public Library |location=Finland |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205024350/http://kirjasto.sci.fi/andrzeje.htm |archivedate= 5 December 2006 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
2. ^¹Oscar E. Swan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=kREDoOd9sckC&pg=PR10 Holy Week: a novel of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising By Jerzy Andrzejewski], with biographical notes, and photographs. Ohio University Press, 2007. {{ISBN|0-8214-1715-0}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Zielonko|first=Czeslaw Milosz ; translated from the Polish by Jane|title=The captive mind|year=1990|publisher=Vintage International|location=New York|isbn=0679728562|pages=109|edition=Vintage International}}
4. ^Polish literature in English translation. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205185933/http://home.roadrunner.com/~polishlit/20.html |date=5 December 2008 }} 20th century Polish literature, at roadrunner.com.

External links