“Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Ahmadiyya movement believe that Jesus survived The Crucifixion and migrated eastward towards Kashmir to escape persecution. He went on to spread his message to the Lost Tribes of Israel after he had carried out his mission to the Israelites in Judea. Living to old age, he later died a natural death in Srinagar, Kashmir.

The Ahmadiyya Movement consider Jesus a mortal man and a prophet of God, born to the virgin Mary, in line with contemporary Islamic views on Jesus.

Ahmadiyya however diverges from the majority Islamic view that Jesus was raised up to Heaven and remains alive there.

According to Ahmadiyya, a literal interpretation of some of Jesus' miracles in the Quran (such as creating birds and bringing the dead back to life) is inconsistent with the Quran and attributes a semi-divine status to Jesus. This understanding is therefore rejected for a hermeneutic approach to understanding the Quranic verses on account of these actions.^[1] For example, Jesus bringing the dead back to life is understood in the context of bringing back a 'spiritual' life to people who were spiritually dead.

Ahmadi scholars consider the contemporary Islamic views of the second coming of Jesus (see Ahmadi prophetology) as inaccurate. The view of Jesus' expected return in person is deemed as mistaken since the return of an Israelite prophet after Muhammad is seen as violating the finality of Muhammad's prophethood and of the Islamic dispensation. Jesus is believed to have died a natural death, like all other prophets. In the Quran and Hadith there is an absence of the use of terms such as return or second coming with reference to Jesus' advent in the end times.^[2]The movement interpret the prophecies concerning Jesus's end time advent as allegorical - expressing the coming of a person (from within Islam itself) being in the "likeness" of Jesus. The prophecies are merged with those concerning the coming of the Mahdi. Both the terms Jesus Son of Mary and Mahdi (as used in Islamic eschatological literature) are understood interchangeably as two titles for the same person.

Ahmadis believe these prophecies have been fulfilled in the person of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the movement. Ahmadiyya believe that the Turin Shroud is authentic.^[3]

Overview

The idea of Jesus having travelled to India had been put forth before the foundation of the Ahmadiyya movement, most notably by Nicolas Notovitch in 1894.^[4]^[5]

The teaching was further researched by Ahmadi missionaries. Kamal ud-Din and Khwaja Nazir Ahmad (1952), who added to Notovitch's theory of his first earlier visit.^[8]^[9]

History

The first response in English to Ahmad's teaching came in a book by Howard Walter, an Urdu-speaking American pastor in Lahore, The Ahmadiyya Movement (1918). Walter, like later scholars, identified the Islamic version of the Barlaam and Josaphat story as the primary source of Ahmad's evidence despite the fact that the four chapters of his book are arranged around evidence from the Gospels, the Quran and hadith, medical literature and historical records – respectively.^[10]

According to Ahmadiyya teaching the Roza Bal tomb in Srinagar, which contains the grave of a holy man known as Yuz Asaf, is actually the tomb of Jesus of Nazareth.^[11]

While the material of Notovitch and Ahmad has been examined and dismissed by historians such as the Indologist Günter Grönbold (1985)^[12] and Norbert Klatt (1988).,^[13] it has been supported by others such as the archaeologist Fida Hassnain^[14] and the writer Holger Kersten.^[15]

Publications

Ahmadis have published extensively on the topic of Jesus' natural death and have expanded on Ghulam Ahmad's work in light of newer research.^[16]^[17]^[18]

In 1978, Mirza Nasir Ahmad, the third Khalifa, travelled to London where the international conference of Jesus’ Deliverance from the cross was held at the Commonwealth Institute in Kensington. This was attended by a number of scholars and academics who presented papers discussing the circumstances surrounding the Crucifixion of Jesus, after which the Ahmadiyya viewpoint regarding the death of Jesus was presented.^[19]^[20] Nasir Ahmad also gave a lecture dealing with the subject of Jesus’ survival from death upon the cross, his travel to the east, the Unity of God and the status of Muhammad.^[21]

In 2003, the possibility of Roza Bal being Jesus' tomb was discussed in a BBC documentary by Richard Denton, Did Jesus Die?.^[22] Jesus' possible travels to India are also discussed in the 2008 documentary Jesus in India by Paul Davids.^[23]^[24]

Jesus on the Cross, survival, journey to Kashmir and death

Death of Jesus

Biblical accounts

Ahmadis also illustrate the notion of Jesus having survived the Crucifixion through Biblical analysis.^[25]

After surviving crucifixion, Jesus fled to Galilee. Jesus (along with several disciples) later left Palestine to further preach the Gospel to the Lost Tribes of Israel {{Bibleref2c|John|10:16}} – that had scattered as far as Afghanistan and northern India. He eventually settled in Kashmir where he was given the name Yuz Asaf (meaning “Leader of the Healed”/"Son of Joseph").{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}

Quranic accounts

Ahmadiyya state that there are at least 30 verses of the Qur'an that suggest that Jesus did not ascend to Heaven but instead died a natural death on Earth. The verses in Chapter Al-Nisa (4:157-158) indicate that Jesus did not die on the Cross but that God had “raised” Jesus unto Himself (not into heaven).

[4:158] On the contrary, Allah raised him to Himself. And Allah is Mighty, Wise.

As the Quran speaks of God being Omnipresent in the Earth and in the hearts of mankind, God's existence is not to be misconstrued as being confined to the Heavens alone, making any bodily movement towards God impossible.^[25]

Thus Ahmadis interpret the Arabic word for raised in these verses to mean “exalted”. In other words, Jesus' spiritual rank and status was raised to come closer to God as opposed to dying the accursed death which his adversaries had wished for.

To further support the view of Jesus having died a mortal death, Ahmadis interpret the verse in the Quran 5:75:

[5:76] The Messiah, son of Mary, was only a Messenger; surely Messengers the like unto him had passed away before him. And his mother was a truthful woman. They both used to eat food. See how We explain the Signs for their good, and see how they are turned away.

In this verse Jesus is compared to the previous Messengers, all of which had died a natural death and none of whom had ascended bodily to Heaven.

From the following verse in Al-Imran, the Quran clarifies that all messengers before the Prophet Muhammad had died:

[3:145] And Muhammad is only a Messenger. Verily, all Messengers have passed away before him. If then he die or be slain, will you turn back on your heels?...

Hadith accounts

Ahmadi scholars have provided references citing hadith regarding the death of Jesus.

As Muhammad has lived and died after some 60 years, it means that Jesus is also dead. As Muhammad is dead, this states that there likewise was a death of Jesus.

During the Mi'raj, Muhammad had seen Jesus in the second heaven along with John the Baptist. Thus, it means Jesus is dead because the dead do not dwell amongst the living.^[26]

Second Coming of Jesus

The Hadith and the Bible indicate that Jesus will return during the latter days. Islamic Hadith commonly depicts that Jesus, upon his second coming, would be an "Ummati" (Muslim) and a follower of Muhammad and that he would revive the truth of Islam rather than fostering a new religion.^[27]

Similarities to Jesus

The movement interprets the prophecised Second Coming of Jesus as being of a person "similar to Jesus" (mathīl-i ʿIsā), rather than that of Jesus of Nazareth himself. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad professed that the prophecy in traditional religious texts were greatly misunderstood to interpret that Jesus of Nazareth himself would return.

Ahmadis consider that the founder of the movement, in both his teachings and character as well as his situation and struggles, was representative of Jesus.

Henceforth, Ahmadis believe this prediction – the Second Coming – was fulfilled by Ahmad and continued by his movement.^[28]^[29]

Universal Prophethood

The Ahmadiyya movement assert the expected arrival of a Latter Day Messiah is historically represented across all major faiths. The prophecy regarding a latter day messiah had diverged into separate theories and distinct interpretations and this filtered through to different religious movements. This prophecy nonetheless was originally only intended to refer to a single Messiah. As such, Ahmadis declared that the Messiah concerning all major world faiths has been unified by the advent of a single Promised Messiah (Ghulam Ahmad).

Ahmadi's believe that all world faiths will gradually move towards Ahmadiyya; and that such a process will follow a correlative pattern of circumstances and take a similar amount of time to what it took for Christianity to rise to dominance (roughly 300 years).^[30]

Contention with Mainstream Islamic beliefs

The Encyclopedia of Islam states that the post-crucifixion journey of Jesus towards the East and his natural death as an aspect of Ahmadi belief is one of three primary tenets that distinguish Ahmadi teachings from general Islamic ones, and that it has provoked a fatwa against the movement.^[11]

The claim that Mirza Ghulam was a prophet forms a point of contention with mainstream Islam, as it views this as a contradiction to the Quranic and Hadith teachings of Muhammad. Contemporary Islamic scholars view the Ahmadiyya belief as a contradiction with a verse in the Quran, Chapter 33 (The Combined Forces), verse 40:

Further, in the farewell sermon of the Prophet Muhammad, delivered just prior to his death, he warned his followers and all of mankind with the following message:

Ahmadis believe however, in accordance with the Hadith traditions, that the "Last" of the Prophets is meant to signify the "Very Best" and "Most Exalted Law Giver Prophet" among all the Prophets and that the farewell sermon had only signified that no prophet would come immediately after the Prophet Muhammad had died.

The movement believe the interpretation of "finality" that is upheld by the mainstream Islamist view, paradoxes the Hadith concerning the second advent of Jesus altogether. For instance if Jesus is expected to return physically, as contemporary Islamic scholars uphold, it would be completely implausible considering that at the same time it is impossible for any Prophet to come after the Prophet Muhammed.

The Hadith indicated when the Prophet Muhammad had declared himself as the Last of the Prophets, with the same breath he had also declared his mosque as the Last of the mosque.

Ayesha narrated that the Prophet (Allah's prayer and salvation be upon him) said :

(Reported by al-Bazzar and authenticated by Sheikh Albani in Sahih Targhib No. 1175)

This Hadith implicates the view of Muhammad as being the "Last" in the absolute sense. If the Prophet Muhammad declared his mosque being Last of the mosques then by the same interpretation this would have effectively invalidated all other mosques. But this Hadith also mentions that "the last of the mosques of the Prophets", which is known as Masjid - e - Nabawi, the Prophet Muhammad lived there and is also buried there. But this hadith does not show "last of the mosques" rather it shows "last of the mosques of the Prophets". Ahmadiyyah are decepted because of wrong interpretation of Hadith.

The Ahmadiyya understanding of the term Seal of Prophets with reference to Muhammad, establishes that a prophet cannot come after Muhammad from outside the Islamic dispensation. Nor can one whose prophethood is independent of Muhammad. Jesus' ministry, according to the Quran, was limited to the Israelites^[31]^[32]^[33] and since he received his prophecy independently of Muhammad, his physical return after the advent of Muhammad, (as contemporary Muslims expect) violates the Seal of Prophethood.^[34]^[35]

Consensus of Companions of Muhammad on Jesus' death

Ahmadi scholars profess that when Prophet Muhammad died, the Sahaba were grieved. Umar, angered and upset, took out a sword, and said that he would kill anyone who said Muhammad is dead. At this instance Abu Bakar quoted:

The Ahmadiyya sect believes that because no companion said Jesus is alive in heaven and he would come physically in Second Coming, the implication invariably is that Jesus died a natural death (and not on the Cross).

Fulfilment of Messianic prophecies

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad regarded the prophecies and concepts in Hadith and bible concerning his advent in an entirely metaphorical light. For example, he wrote:

Breaking of the Cross

The Islamic Hadith describe that Jesus would, upon his second coming, "Break the Cross". Ahmadis interpret this to mean that he will "make plain the error of the creed of the cross". Ghulam Ahmad's teachings of Jesus, being a mortal man who survived crucifixion and died a natural death upon earth, is considered as a testimony of the prophecy being fulfilled. Ahmadi's believe the followers of Christianity will gradually come to accept the same teaching and this will repeal the central doctrines of the divinity of Jesus, Atonement and Resurrection. In turn, the traditional Christian reverence for the cross and doctrine of the immortality of Jesus will become untenable.^[36]

Ending of wars

In 1894, Ghulam Ahmad had declared that the contemporary Islamists views of Jihad of the sword and Holy War was a misrepresentation of Islam that was invented during the Dark Ages and advocated for these beliefs to be ended in its entirety. The Ahmadiyya Movement contend that any military jihad in Islam is permitted only as an exclusively religious defensive measure in very strictly defined circumstances and those circumstances do not exist at present. As a result, early Ahmadis had faced virulent opposition from extremist groups, some of whom protested that Ghulam Ahmad was put in place by the British Government to appease Muslims. Ahmadis believe that in the modern era, the "Jihad of the pen" (intellectual reasoning) is the only potent way of espousing and spreading the Islamic teaching and this has taken the place of "Jihad of the sword" as per scriptural prophecies.

As such the movement consider the prophecies in the Hadith relating to ending of religious wars had been fulfilled by Ghulam Ahmad teachings.

Journey from Palestine to India

According to Ghulam Ahmad, (and further developed by the next generation of Ahmadi writers such as Khwaja Nazir Ahmad in 1952), Jesus taught the message of Jewish messianism to his disciples and to the people living in Palestine.

After surviving his ordeal on the cross, Jesus remained in Palestine for a short time before leaving from there. Jesus was declared a criminal and therefore, decided to leave Palestine with his mother Mary, his wife Mary Magdalene and his apostle Thomas the Apostle. Thereafter, Jesus traveled toward Asia.

From Palestine to Iraq

With these three companions, he went first to Iraq. Here he met his disciple, Ananias. He met his rival Paul who later became a Christian. In Nusaybin, he got another tension at the hands of a cruel king. He was arrested again. Prophet Jesus along with his mother performed some miracles and impressed the king. The king gave him permission to go to Parthia kingdom. There was a strong Jewish community living there.^[37]^[38]

Iraq to Iran and Afghanistan

From Iraq, he went to Iran where he was honourably received by the Persian Jews. Five centuries before Cyrus the Great had conquered Babylon and the Jews were freed. Many of the Jews went to live in Iran and were known as Persian Jews. Jesus preached here and went on to Bactria (Afghanistan). At that time, Persia was a great center of Judaism. He professed the advent of the coming of a great prophet named Muhammad to his fellowmen in these areas specially in the area of Afghanistan. He met with the first king of Parthia who honored him. The Pashtun people have a tradition in their royal and non-royal functions and consider themselves to be the sons of Children of Israel. Many of these Persian Jews who had been receiving the teachings from Jesus proselytized to Muslims at the time of Muhammad and accepted his call. Qais Abdur Rashid, his name is this and the original was Kish.

Final places of Jesus-Kashmir, Tibet and India

Reasons for coming to India

According to Ahmadiyya sources (Islam International Publications Ltd.) the Tribes of Israel who had migrated to eastern countries seeing the attraction in Hinduism and Buddhism had themselves become Hindus and Buddhists. They subsequently became unaware of their religion.^[39]

Jesus and Thomas the Apostle had later arrived in India to restore the abrahamic teachings to these tribes.

Jesus Meets King Shalewhin

According to a late section of the Hindu Bhavishya Purana (written after 1739^[40]).

The king along with his companions went to the peak of Himalayas to meet a man who was a dignified person of fair complexion in white clothes sitting in the mountain. When the king asked who he was, the man replied "I am the Messiah, born of a virgin."

He told the king he had come from a far off place where he has suffered at the hands of his people. When the king asked what religion he adhered to, he said that his religion was of peace, love and purity of heart. The king was impressed, so he paid homage to him.^[3]

Tomb of Jesus

During his initial research into Jesus' death, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad postulated that Jesus may have been buried in either Galilee or Syria. After investigating further he eventuality uncovered evidence to conclude that the tomb of Jesus was located at the Roza Bal shrine in Srinagar, Kashmir. Based upon this evidence, Ahmadis today believe the tomb of Jesus is located in the Srinagar region of Kashmir.

Ghulam Ahmad, and later Ahmadi writers cite various evidences for identifying the grave as that of Jesus: The Bhavishya Maha Purana Official Decree, The Glass Mirror, Tarikh-i-Kashmir, Qisa-shazada, The Garden of Solomon (Bagh-i-Sulaiman) of Mir Saadullah Shahabadi Kashmiri (1780 A.D.), Wajeesut Tawarikh, Ikmal-ud-Din (962 AD), The Ain-ul-Hayat, The Acta Thomae, Takhat Sulaiman (Throne of Solomon, a hill in Kashmir), Tahrik-i-kabir-Kashmir, Rauzat-us-Safa.^[41] Ahmadis believe that these sources testify to the view that Yuz Asaf and Jesus are the same person.

The importance of the shrine has been preserved in the memory of the descendants of the ancient Israelites to this day. They call the shrine "The tomb of Hazrat Issa Sahib", "The Tomb of Lord Jesus".^[43]

The building constructed is named "Roza Bal" or "Rauza Bal". " Rauza " is generally a term used to denote the tomb of a celebrated personality, i.e. noble, wealthy, or saintly. A local scholar and supporter of the theory, Fida Hassnain, has claimed that the tomb is arranged with the feet pointing in the direction of Jerusalem, and claimed that this is in accordance with Jewish tradition.

Ahmadis give the Yuz Asaf enshrined in the tomb the epithet Shahzada Nabi, “Prophet Prince”. The majority Srinagar Sunni Muslim community reject the Ahmadiyya claims that the tomb is that of Jesus and consider this viewpoint as blasphemous.

Tomb of Mary

The Ahmadis also believe^[6] that Mary had accompanied her son on the journey to Kashmir.

Muslim and Persian documents — the Tafir-Ibn-I-Jarir, the Kanz-al-Ummal, and the Rauzat-us-Safa — have references that contribute to the theory of Jesus' escape. Some of these also mention that Jesus was accompanied by Mary, and there is another burial place in Pakistan, along his theoretical route to Kashmir, known as Mai Mari da Ashtan, or "resting place of Mother Mary."^[44]^[45]

See also

References

1. ^https://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=399®ion=E1 English 5 Vol. Commentary
2. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.alislam.org/library/articles/Advent-of-Messiah-Descend-or-Return.pdf | title=Advent of the Messiah—Descend or Return?| accessdate=4 February 2016}}
3. ^¹{{cite book|title=The True Story of Jesus|publisher=Islam International Publications Ltd.|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1-85372-625-5|page=95|url=http://www.alislam.org/topics/jesus/}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://reluctant-messenger.com/issa.htm|title=The Lost Years of Jesus: The Life of Saint Issa - Notovitch|first=Internet Innovations,|last=Inc.|publisher=|accessdate=11 April 2017}}
5. ^New Testament Apocrypha, Vol. 1: Gospels and Related Writings by Wilhelm Schneemelcher and R. Mcl. Wilson (Dec 1, 1990) {{ISBN|066422721X}} page 84 "a particular book by Nicolas Notovich (Di Lucke im Leben Jesus 1894) ... shortly after the publication of the book, the reports of travel experiences were widely rejected.
6. ^¹{{harvnb|Faruqi|1983|p=98}}.
7. ^{{harvnb|Schäfer|Cohen|1998|p=306}}
8. ^Per Beskow in The Blackwell Companion to Jesus Delbert Burkett - 2011 " Ahmad's primary source is a legend, known in the West as the tale of Barlaam and Josaphat. It was widely read all through the Middle Agesas an edifying ..."
9. ^{{Cite book|last=Schäfer|first=Peter|last2=Cohen|first2=Mark R.|title=Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco|year=1998|location=Leiden/Princeton|publisher=Brill/Princeton UP|isbn=978-90-04-11037-3|page=306}}
10. ^http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Jesus-in-India.pdf Jesus in India
11. ^¹{{harvnb|Houtsma|1913|p=260}}
12. ^Günter Grönbold, Jesus In Indien, München: Kösel 1985, {{ISBN|3-466-20270-1}}.
13. ^Norbert Klatt, Lebte Jesus in Indien?, Göttingen: Wallstein 1988.
14. ^http://www.tombofjesus.com/index.php/en/researchers-authors/dr-fida-hassnain
15. ^http://www.tombofjesus.com/index.php/en/researchers-authors/holger-kersten The Tomb of Jesus Christ
16. ^Jesus: A Humble Prophet of God https://www.alislam.org/topics/jesus/
17. ^The Review of Religions, May 2015, Vol. 110, issue 5 http://reviewofreligions.org/date/2015/05/
18. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.reviewofreligions.org/6107/the-lost-tribes-of-israel-in-india-a-genetic-perspective/|title=The Lost Tribes of Israel in India – A Genetic Perspective |website=|publisher=The Review of Religions (CAL)|date=March 2012|accessdate=2014-12-01}}
19. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFKNVZjY8_Q 1978 Visit of Hazrat Mirza Nasir Ahmad to England and Deliverance from The Cross Conference
20. ^http://reviewofreligions.org/1964/conference-on-deliverance-from-the-cross/ The Review of Religions, March 2008, Vol. 103, issue 03, © islamic publications 2008
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/92.html|title=Conference in London - Islam Ahmadiyya|publisher=|accessdate=11 April 2017}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://uclu.org/whats-on/clubs-societies/jesus-in-india-bbc-documentary-film-screening|title=Jesus In India: BBC Documentary Film Screening|publisher=|accessdate=11 April 2017}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/paul-davids/jesus-lost-years-may-fina_b_179513.html|title=Jesus' Lost Years May Finally Have Been Found|first=Paul|last=Davids|date=26 April 2009|publisher=|accessdate=11 April 2017}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jesus-in-india-the-movie.com/html/themovie.html|title=Jesus in India - The Movie|publisher=|accessdate=11 April 2017}}
25. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.alislam.org/topics/jesus/|title=Jesus in India - Tomb of Jesus - Where Did Jesus Die - Jesus in Islam - Al Islam Online|publisher=|accessdate=11 April 2017}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=Death of Jesus according Hadith|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/links/Jesus_death/3_Hadith.html|publisher=Al Islam|accessdate=16 March 2012|date=2000-02-17}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/abudawud/037.sat.html#037.4310|title=Sunan Abi Dawud, Kitab Al-Malahim, Book 37, Number 4310|publisher=}}
28. ^“A Prophet Like Unto Moses”, The Promised Mehdi and Messiha, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited
29. ^The Four Questions Answered, by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, AAIIL 1996
30. ^The third century from today would not have elapsed when all who wait for ‘Isaas [Jesus] to descend from heaven, whether Muslims or Christians, will give up this doctrine in hopeless despair and disgust. Then there will be only one religion and one leader. I have come to sow the seed and the seed has been sown by my hand. It will now grow and flourish and there is no one who can hinder it.[Tadhkiratush-Shahadatain, pp. 64–65, Ruhani Khaza’in, vol. 20, pp. 66–67; Review of Religions, vol. 2, no. 11, 12, November, December, 1903, p. 455, 456]
31. ^{{Cite quran|3|49|s=ns}}
32. ^{{Cite quran|61|06|s=ns}}
33. ^{{Cite quran|43|59|s=ns}}
34. ^{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=MdRth02Q6nAC&pg=PA134&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice| accessdate=22 September 2015| isbn=9781850659167| year=2008| last1=Valentine| first1=Simon Ross}}
35. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.alislam.org/books/truth/finality.html | title= Finality of Prophethood| accessdate=22 September 2015}}
36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/jesus-in-india/ch4.html |title=Jesus in India |publisher=Alislam.org |date= |accessdate=2012-12-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121004856/http://www.alislam.org/library/books/jesus-in-india/ch4.html |archivedate=2013-01-21 |df= }}
37. ^{{cite web|title=Post Cruxification|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Deliverance-from-the-Cross-20080607MN.pdf|publisher=Islam International Publications|accessdate=26 August 2012}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Journey to India|url=http://tombofjesus.com/en/travel-to-india|publisher=Tomb of Jesus|accessdate=26 August 2012}}
39. ^{{cite book|year=2003|publisher=Islam International Publications Limited|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1853726255|page=93|url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/TrueStory-of-Jesus.pdf}}
40. ^Alf Hiltebeitel Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics 2009 Page 276 "Thus 1739 could mark a terminus a quo for the text's history of the Mughals. If so, the same terminus would apply to its Genesis-Exodus sequence in its first khanda, its Jesus-Muhammad diptych in its third (the Krsnam&acaritd), and the history ..."
41. ^Arifkhan.co.uk "Historical Sources" New Ahmadi website redirecting from tombofjesus.com in earlier article references
42. ^http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/historical_sources/docs/tahrik_kashmir.html
43. ^http://www.tombofjesus.com/2007/core/historical_sources/index.html
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://travel.news.yahoo.com/b/rba_daily/rba_daily4337;_ylt=Aqwkw5JnBWPG5mKEouQ1tbuhO84F;_ylu=X3oDMTBhdTdkN3BoBHNlYwNibHRyaXA-|title=Mystery of the Martyr's Tomb: Part Two|publisher=|accessdate=11 April 2017}}
45. ^http://bigthink.com/strange-maps/124-jesus-in-india-a-road-map-of-his-lost-years