“Gyorin”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Confucian learning contributed in the formation of gyorin and sadae as ritual, conceptual and normative frameworks for construing interactions and political decision-making.^[2]

Multi-national foreign policy

The rationale expressed by gyorin was applied to a multi-national foreign policy.^[3] Scholarly writing about the Joseon dynasty has tended to focus on diplomatic relations with China and Japan, but the intermediary nature of gyorin contacts—for example, Joseon-Ryukyuan diplomatic and trading contacts—were important as well.^[4] Envoys from the Ryūkyū Kingdom were received by Taejo of Joseon in 1392, 1394 and 1397. Siam sent an envoy to Taejo's court in 1393.^[5]

The long-term, strategic gyorin policy played out in bilateral diplomacy and trade dealings with Jurchen, Japan, Ryūkyū Kingdom, Siam and others.^[6] Over time, diplomatic and trade policies were perceived by Joseon's partners as the traditional door through which trends in neo-Confucian philosophical principles were recognized.^[7]

The Joseon kingdom made every effort to maintain a friendly bilateral relationship with China for reasons having to do with both realpolitik and a more idealist Confucian worldview wherein China was seen as the center of a Confucian moral universe.^[8] Joseon diplomacy was no less aware and sensitive to realpolitik in the implementation of gyorin policy.

The unique nature of gyorin bilateral diplomatic exchanges evolved from a conceptual framework developed by the Chinese. Gradually, the theoretical models would be modified, mirroring the evolution of a unique relationship.^[9]

See also

Notes

1. ^Yim Min-Hyeok. "The Establishment of Literati Governance Society in Early Joseon, and Its Continuation," The Review of Korean Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2 (June 20050, pp. 223-254.
2. ^Steben, Barry D. "The Transmission of Neo-Confucianism to the Ryukyu (Liuqiu) Islands and Its Historical Significance: Ritual and Rectification of Names in a Bipolar Authority Field," p. 54.{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} National University of Singapore.
3. ^{{ko icon}} 사대교린 (조선 외교), Britannica online Korea
4. ^Kim, Chun-gil. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WBZjBPt1H8AC&pg=PA76&dq= The History of Korea, pp. 76-77;] Oh Youngkyo. "State of Research on the Late Period of the Choson Dynasty," {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722132650/http://khistory.korea.ac.kr/bbs/table/koreanhistory/upload/0305_003.pdf |date=2011-07-22 }} Yonsei University.
5. ^Goodrich, L. Carrington et al. (1976). [https://books.google.com/books?id=JWpF-dObxW8C&lpg=PA1193&vq=ryukyu&dq=luther%20carrington%20goodrich&pg=PA1601#v=snippet&q=liu-ch'iu&f=false Dictionary of Ming biography, 1368-1644 (明代名人傳), Vol. II, p. 1601.]
6. ^Kim, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WBZjBPt1H8AC&pg=PA76&dq= pp. 76-77;] Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch (RASKB): Yi Sugwang with Vietnamese counterpart Phùng Khắc Khoan in 1597.{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
7. ^Steben, p. 57.
8. ^Mansourov, Alexandre Y. "Will Flowers Bloom without Fragrance? Korean-Chinese Relations," {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108074830/http://www.asiaquarterly.com/content/view/174/43/ |date=2008-01-08 }} Harvard Asia Quarterly (Spring 2009).
9. ^Toby, Ronald P. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2hK7tczn2QoC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=korean+diplomacy+1711&source=bl&ots=k4W8TZxzjN&sig=Zi2nOmpTuZUK9bQL9ulL_Jnt47k&hl=en&ei=YJmtSeGQIeH8tgfknIWLBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA87,M1 State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu, p. 87.]

References

Goodrich, Luther Carrington and Zhaoying Fang. (1976). [https://books.google.com/books?id=067On0JgItAC&dq=luther+carrington+goodrich&source=gbs_navlinks_s Dictionary of Ming biography, 1368-1644 (明代名人傳), Vol. I;] [https://books.google.com/books?id=JWpF-dObxW8C&dq=luther+carrington+goodrich&source=gbs_navlinks_s Dictionary of Ming biography, 1368-1644 (明代名人傳), Vol. II.] New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-03801-0}}; {{ISBN|978-0-231-03833-1}}; OCLC 1622199

Kang, Etsuko Hae-jin. (1997). Diplomacy and Ideology in Japanese-Korean Relations: from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Basingstoke, Hampshire; Macmillan. {{ISBN|978-0-312-17370-8}}; {{OCLC|243874305}}

Kang, Jae-eun and Suzanne Lee. (2006). The Land of Scholars : Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism. Paramus, New Jersey: Homa & Sekey Books. {{ISBN|978-1-931907-37-8}}; OCLC 60931394

Kim, Chun-gil. (2005). The history of Korea. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. {{ISBN|978-0-313-33296-8}}; {{ISBN|978-0-313-03853-2}}; {{OCLC|217866287}}

Mansourov, Alexandre Y. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080108074830/http://www.asiaquarterly.com/content/view/174/43/ "Will Flowers Bloom without Fragrance? Korean-Chinese Relations,"] Harvard Asia Quarterly (Spring 2009).

Oh Youngkyo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722132650/http://khistory.korea.ac.kr/bbs/table/koreanhistory/upload/0305_003.pdf "State of Research on the Late Period of the Choson Dynasty,"] Yonsei University.

Steben, Barry D. "The Transmission of Neo-Confucianism to the Ryukyu (Liuqiu) Islands and Its Historical Significance: Ritual and Rectification of Names in a Bipolar Authority Field,"{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} National University of Singapore.

Toby, Ronald P. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2hK7tczn2QoC&pg=PP1&dq=State+and+Diplomacy+in+Early+Modern+Japan&client=firefox-a&sig=ACfU3U2LUEdVPEFLwBwAI5-9f4HrhECGFg State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu.] Stanford: Stanford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8047-1951-3}}