“György Aczél”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In most of the period 1956–1988 he directed the cultural life of Kádár's Hungary.

Biography

Named as Henrik Appel he was born into a poor jewish family in Budapest. His father, Gyula Appel was a carter and a butcher’s assistant, his mother, Aranka Weimann was a typist. After his father’s death in 1925 who froze to death in a chamber, he was brought up in an orphanage and he did his studies there, he was a bricklayer’s assistant. He changed his family name in 1936 and his first name about at the end of the 30’s, but only in 1946 and in 1955 he officially became Aczél, and György. He was married in 1939 and two daughters were born from his marriage. He mostly educated himself in an autodidact way, furthermore, he completed the autumn semester at the Academy of Drama and Film next to his work. After that he worked as an amateur actor and as a performer. In the beginning, he acted in the company stagione of Alapi Nándor, he performed in several minor roles in Budapest, but he also played in Győr, Pécs and Balassagyarmat. On December 24, 1938, he held an independant performance at the Liszt Academy. In January 1939 he had his own declamation of poems of Endre Ady, Ferenc Kölcsey, Gyula Illyés, Mihály Babits, Dezső Kosztolányi and Lőrinc Szabó. The upcoming laws about races blocked him from stage. Between 1942 and 1944 he performed on several occasions in the Goldmark Hall of the Academy of Music in the framework of the OMIKE Art Exhibition, and was often featured in the workshops of the workers' meetings.

At the beginning of the 1930s he joined the Somerian Zionist youth movement, and in 1935 he joined the Party of Communists from Hungary. At the beginning of 1942 he was arrested for illegal communist activities and locked in the prison of Vác . At the end of 1942 he was summoned to a labor service where he managed to disassemble himself and return to Budapest. During the German occupation of Hungary and the Arrow Cross Party, he was baptized by Roman Catholic Rites for the sake of the Jews who were being hidden by him or through him.

From the spring of 1945, he was first a member of the Hungarian Communist Party of Budapest, then of the 5th district, and from August 1946 he worked at the Zemplén county office. In the 1947 "Blue Passion" election he was elected as a candidate for the Hungarian Communist Party. He was re-elected in the May 1949 elections, but only two months later, on July 6, he was arrested and sentenced to a life sentence in one of the tribunals of Rajk. He was released on August 25, 1954, and rehabilitated on September 1st. On November 1, he was appointed director of the nr. 23 State Construction Company, but he could not get a political position.

During the Fifty-Six Revolution he participated in the defense of the 5th District Party’s Committee, and then he immediately joined Kádár, and on October 31, he become the founding member of the Hungarian Socialist Worker’s Party (MSZMP) and he was elected a member of the Central Committee’s member. In the judgment of the revolution and the role of Imre Nagy, he represented the party's "softer" line.

On April 13, 1957, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Culture. From 10 February 1958, First Deputy Minister of Culture until 18 April 1967. In this position, he gradually grew up (especially under Pál Ilku's ministry) as a leading cultural politician in the post-1968 period of the Kádár regime, and who was sarcastically named as the first minister of culture. In a letter to the political committee in the summer of 1957, he raised the notorious "three T" (prohibition, tolerance, support) policy, but it became a real, common practice only in the sixties and seventies.

Within its ideological boundaries his activity was characterized by pragmatism. Due to his extensive personal relationships and his friendship with János Kádár, the first man of the MSZMP, he has had a much greater influence on cultural policy and day-to-day practice. He has tried to be friends with or to stay in contact with important personalities of literary-intellectual life, eg. Kodály, Illyés, György Lukács. On April 12, 1967, he was appointed secretary of the Central Committee of the MSZMP and was entrusted with the general control of cultural life in this capacity. In 1971, he became chairman of the newly formed cultural policy working group of the KB, and held his office until March 20, 1974. Meanwhile, he was elected to the Political Committee of the MSZMP on 28 November 1970. He had to leave the working community under the pressure of a party faction opposing economic-social reforms, but as "consolation" he was elected the Vice-President of the Council of Ministers the following day, March 21, as well as the chairman of the State Committee for the Kossuth Prize, and in 1980 the chairman of the National Council for Public Education. He resigned from all these positions in 1982, when he returned to the MSZMP KB Secretary of Culture position on 23 July. His career and influence was now in decline, and the ever-pluralist, becoming more critical with the system and with the general conditions and sensing intellectual life KB replaced him on March 28, 1985. Subsequently, he was Director General of the Party's Social Sciences Institute until his retirement in October 1989, and remained a member of the Political Committee until May 22, 1988, when he was not re-elected at the National Party Meeting.

He played an important role in the failure of Károly Grósz in June 1989 at the KB meeting although he was no longer a member or an official. The MSZMP withdrew from politics on 7 October 1989 and began writing his memoirs, but he could not finish it: he died on December 6, 1991.

References

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Aczel_Gyorgy|title=Aczel_Gyorgy|publisher=www.yivoencyclopedia.org|accessdate=}}
2. ^Reisch 210 n.4.

Bibliography