| 词条 | Habra I |
| 释义 |
| name = Habra I | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Community development block | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India | coordinates = {{coord|22.86|N|88.75|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = West Bengal | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = North 24 Parganas | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = Representative democracy | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 117.36 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 9 | population_total = 225,200 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Bengali, English | demographics_type2 = Literacy (2011) | demographics2_title2 = Total literates | demographics2_info2 = 168,687 (83.15%) | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 743263 (Habra) 743704 (Guma) 743234 (Bira Ballavepara) | area_code_type = Telephone/STD code | area_code = 03216 | registration_plate = WB-23, WB-24, WB-25, WB-26 | blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency | blank1_info_sec1 = Barasat, Bangaon | blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency | blank2_info_sec1 = Habra, Gaighata | website = {{URL|north24parganas.nic.in/}} | iso_code = IN-WB | footnotes = }} Habra I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Barasat Sadar subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. GeographySadpur, a census town in Habra I block, is located at {{coord|22.86|N|88.75|E|source:yahoomaps_region:IN-WB|format=dms}}. {{OSM Location map| width=410| height=430| zoom=9 | coord={{coord|22|45|10|N|88|46|24|E}}| float=left|caption=CD Blocks in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal | minimap = file| mini-file = India West Bengal adm location map.svg | mini-width = 103 | mini-height = 158 | minipog-x = 76 | minipog-y = 120 | scalemark = 230 | minimap-boxwidth=30 |mark-coord1={{coord|23|10|12|N|88|52|42|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Bagdah| mark-title1=Bagdah|label-color1=#800000 |mark-coord2={{coord|23|4|23|N|88|46|32|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Bangaon| mark-title2=Bangaon| |mark-coord3={{coord|22|55|48|N|88|43|48|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Gaighata| mark-title3=Gaighata| |mark-coord4={{coord|22|49|59|N|88|52|0|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Swarupnagar| mark-title4=Swarupnagar| |mark-coord5={{coord|22|44|52|N|88|46|49|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Baduria| mark-title5=Baduria| |mark-coord6={{coord|22|39|36|N|88|53|24|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Basirhat I| mark-title6=Basirhat I| |mark-coord7={{coord|22|42|0|N|88|44|54|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Basirhat II| mark-title7=Basirhat II| |mark-coord8={{coord|22|34|12|N|88|55|12|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Hasnabad| mark-title8=Hasnabad| |mark-coord9={{coord|22|22|14|N|88|58|38|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9=Hingalganj| mark-title9=Hingalganj| |mark-coord10={{coord|22|27|16|N|88|50|45|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Sandeshkhali I| mark-title10=Sandeshkhali I| |mark-coord11={{coord|22|24|36|N|88|52|0|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11=Sandeshkhali II| mark-title11=Sandeshkhalii II| |mark-coord12={{coord|22|30|03|N|88|43|8|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Minakhan| mark-title12=Minakhan| |mark-coord13={{coord|22|35|54|N|88|40|46|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Haroa| mark-title13=Haroa| |mark-coord14={{coord|22|39|36|N|88|41|42|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Deganga| mark-title14=Deganga| |mark-coord15={{coord|22|51|36|N|88|42|0|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Habra I| mark-title15=Habra I| |mark-coord16={{coord|22|49|48|N|88|37|48|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Habra II| mark-title16=Habra II| |mark-coord17={{coord|22|45|2|N|88|30|29|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17=Barasat I| mark-title17=Barasat I| |mark-coord18={{coord|22|41|55|N|88|32|27|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=Barasat II| mark-title18=Barasat II| |mark-coord19={{coord|22|37|37|N|88|31|37|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=Rajarhat| mark-title19=Rajarhat| |mark-coord20={{coord|22|48|20|N|88|30|30|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Amdanga| mark-title20=Amdanga| |mark-coord21={{coord|22|53|33|N|88|26|56|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21=Barrackpore I| mark-title21=Barrackpore I| |mark-coord22={{coord|22|39|24|N|88|25|12|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22=Barrackpore II| mark-title22=Barrackpore II| }} Habra I CD Block is bounded by Gaighata CD Block in the north, Swarupnagar and Baduria CD Blocks in the east, Deganga and Barasat I CD Blocks in the south, and Habra II CD Block in the west.[1] Habra I CD Block is part of the North Bidyadhari Plain, one of the three physiographic regions in the district located in the lower Ganges Delta. The area is full of marshes and salt water lakes. The Bidyadhari originates in this block and has a long course through the central part of the district.[2] The Jamuna passes through this block.[3] Habra I CD Block has an area of 117.36 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 7 gram panchayats, 129 gram sansads (village councils), 58 mouzas and 58 inhabited villages, as per the District Statistical Handbook: North 24 Parganas. Habra police station serves this block.[4] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Habra.[5] Gram panchayats of Habra I block are: Bergoom-I, Bergoom-II, Kumra, Machhlandapur-I, Machhlandapur-II, Prithiba and Routara.[6]DemographicsPopulationAs per 2011 Census of India Habra I CD Block had a total population of 225,200, of which 175,651 were rural and 49,549 were urban. There were 116,027 (52%) males and 109,173 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 22,325. Scheduled Castes numbered 77,965 (34.62%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 6,376 (2.83%).[7] As per 2001 census, Habra I block has a total population of 188,112 out of which 97,146 were males and 90,966 were females. Population of the rural areas in the block was 165,216 and that of the urban areas was 22,096.[8] Census towns in Habra I CD Block were (2011 census figures in brackets): Nokpul (7,737), Maslandapur (10,790), Sadpur (7,773), Betpuli (9,404), Anarbaria (5,895) and Purbba Narayanpur (7,950).[7]Large villages in Habra I CD Block were (2011 census figures in brackets): Janaphul (9,515), Lakshmipul (4,238), Dakshin Sarai (5,285), Marakpur (5,053), Mahisa Machhlandapur (6,488), Sonakene (6,933), Bergum (6,989), Krishna Nagar (5,187), Phultala (7,775), Kashipur (5,877), Kumra (5,410) and Rajballabhpur (6,909).[7] North 24 Parganas district is densely populated, mainly because of the influx of refugees from East Pakistan (later Bangladesh). With a density of population of 2,182 per km2 in 1971, it was 3rd in terms of density per km2 in West Bengal after Kolkata and Howrah, and 20th in India.[9] According to the District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas, “High density is also explained partly by the rapid growth of urbanization in the district. In 1991, the percentage of urban population in the district has been 51.23.”[10] Decadal Population Growth Rate (%){{Graph:Chart|width=300 |height=200 |legend=Legend |xAxisTitle=X |yAxisTitle=Y |type= rect |x=1971-1981,1981-1991,1991-2001,2001-2011 |y1 = 0,0,19.68,17.10 |y2 = 31.4,31.7,22.7,12.0 |y3 = 23.17,24.73,17.84,13.93 |colors = olive,yellow,violet |y1Title= Habra I CD Block |y2Title=North 24 Parganas district |y3Title=West Bengal }} The decadal growth of population in Habra I CD Block in 2001-2011 was 17.10%.[11] The decadal growth of population in Habra I CD Block in 1991-2001 was 19.68%.[12] The decadal growth rate of population in North 24 Parganas district was as follows: 47.9% in 1951-61, 34.5% in 1961-71, 31.4% in 1971-81, 31.7% in 1981-91, 22.7% in 1991-2001 and 12.0% in 2001-11.[13] The decadal growth rate for West Bengal in 2001-11 was 13.93%.[14] The decadal growth rate for West Bengal was 17.84% in 1991-2001, 24.73% in 1981-1991 and 23.17% in 1971-1981.[15] Only a small portion of the border with Bangladesh has been fenced and it is popularly referred to as a porous border. It is freely used by Bangladeshi infiltrators, terrorists, smugglers, criminals, et al.[16][17][18][19] LiteracyAs per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Habra I CD Block was 168,687 (83.15% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 91,058 (87.11% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 77,629 (78.94% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 8.17%.[7] See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate {{Literacy in CD Blocks of North 24 Parganas district|collapsible=y}}Language and religionAs per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%).[20] {{bar box|title=Religion in Habra I CD Block |titlebar=#ddd |left1= |float=right |bars={{bar percent|Hindu|Orange|73.51}}{{bar percent|Muslim|Green|25.81}}{{bar percent|Others|Yellow|0.68}} }} In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 165,537 and formed 73.51% of the population in Habra I CD Block. Muslims numbered 58,132 and formed 25.81% of the population. Others numbered 1,531 and formed 0.68% of the population.[21] In 1981 Hindus numbered 79,050 and formed 80.30% of the population and Muslims numbered 18,883 and formed 19.20% of the population in Habra I CD Block. In 1981 Hindus numbered 60,268 and formed 67.12% of the population and Muslims numbered 29,206 and formed 32.53% of the population in Habra II CD Block. In 1991 Hindus numbered 180,690 and formed 63.80% of the population and Muslims numbered 101,571 and formed 35.84% of the population in Habra I and Habra II CD Blocks taken together. (In 1981 and 1991 census was conducted as per jurisdiction of the police station.)[22] In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 7,352,769 and formed 73.46% of the population in North 24 Parganas district. Muslims numbered 2,584,684 and formed 25.82% of the population.[21] In West Bengal Hindus numbered 64,385,546 and formed 70.53% of the population. Muslims numbered 24,654,825 and formed 27.01% of the population.[21] See also - minority concentrated districtRural Poverty34.81% of households in Habra I CD Block lived below poverty line in 2001, against an average of 29.28% in North 24 Parganas district.[23] EconomyLivelihood{{Pie chart|caption= Livelihood in Habra I CD Block |value1 = 9.97 |label1 = Cultivators |value2 = 25.14 |label2 = Agricultural labourers |value3 = 6.85 |label3 = Household industries |value4 = 58.04 |label4 = Other Workers}} In Habra I CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8,223 and formed 9.97% of the total workers, agricultural labourers numbered 20,733 and formed 25.14%, household industry workers numbered 5,645 and formed 6.85% and other workers numbered 47,859 and formed 58.04%. Total workers numbered 82,460 and formed 36.62% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 142,740 and formed 63.38% of the population.[24] In more than 30 percent of the villages in North 24 Parganas, agriculture or household industry is no longer the major source of livelihood for the main workers there. The CD Blocks in the district can be classified as belonging to three categories: border areas, Sundarbans area and other rural areas. The percentage of other workers in the other rural areas category is considerably higher than those in the border areas and Sundarbans area.[25] Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person’s land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.[26]InfrastructureThere are 55 inhabited villages in Habra I CD Block, as per the District Census Handbook: North 24 Parganas. 100% villages have power supply and drinking water supply. 12 villages (21.82%) have post offices. 55 villages (100%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 26 villages (47.27%) have a pucca approach road and 18 villages (32.73%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 8 villages (14.55%) have agricultural credit societies and 5 villages (9.09%) have banks.[27] AgricultureThe North 24 Parganas district Human Development Report opines that in spite of agricultural productivity in North 24 Parganas district being rather impressive 81.84% of rural population suffered from shortage of food. With a high urbanisation of 54.3% in 2001, the land use pattern in the district is changing quite fast and the area under cultivation is declining. However, agriculture is still the major source of livelihood in the rural areas of the district.[28] From 1977 on wards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.[29] Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2010-11, persons engaged in agriculture in Habra I CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 639 (2.30%), patta (document) holders 1,766 (6.35%), small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 1,230 (4.42%), marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 11,663 (41.94%) and agricultural labourers 12,510 (44.99%).[30] Habra I CD Block had 95 fertiliser depots, 81 seed stores and 69 fair price shops in 2010-11.[30] In 2010-11, Habra I CD Block produced 11,876 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop from 4,900 hectares, 12,308 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,553 hectares, 1,097 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 475 hectares, 733 tonnes of wheat from 275 hectares, 39,263 tonnes of jute from 2,073 hectares and 4,847 tonnes of potatoes from 136 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.[30] In 2010-11, the total area irrigated in Habra I CD Block was 776 hectares, out of which 987 40 hectares were irrigated by river lift irrigation, 664 hectares by deep tube well, 18 hectares by shallow tube well and 54 hectares by other means.[30] PiscicultureIn 2010-11, the net area under effective pisciculture in Habra I CD Block was 876.41 hectares. 20,750 persons were engaged in the profession. Approximate annual production was 26,292.3 quintals.[30] BankingIn 2010-11, Habra I CD Block had offices of 10 commercial banks and 1 gramin bank.[30] Transport{{Sealdah-Hasnabad-Bangaon-Ranaghat line|collapse=y}}In 2010-11, Habra I CD Block had 4 originating/ terminating bus routes.[30] NH 112 (old numbering NH 35) (also known as Jessore Road) and SH 3 has a common route through some part of this block and then they follow separate routes.[3][31]There are stations at Gobardanga, Maslandapur, Sanhati, Habra and Ashok Nagar Road on the Sealdah-Bangaon line[32] EducationIn 2010-11, Habra I CD Block had 93 primary schools with 11,409 students, 2 middle schools with 156 students, 9 high schools with 6,464 students and 10 higher secondary schools with 15,801 students. Habra I CD Block had 326 institutions for special and non-formal education with 13,692 students.[30] As per the 2011 census, in Habra I CD Block, amongst the 55 inhabited villages, all villages had a school, 35 villages had more than 1 primary school, 26 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.[33] HealthcareIn 2011, Habra I CD Block had 1 block primary health centre and 2 primary health centres, with total 26 beds and 7 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 29 family welfare subcentres. 567 patients were treated indoors and 49,399 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.[30] Maslandapur Rural Hospital at Maslandapur with 30 beds functions as the main medical facility in Habra I CD Block. There is a primary health centre at Rautara (with 10 beds).[34] Habra I block is one of the areas where ground water is affected by arsenic contamination.[35] References1. ^{{cite web| url = http://north24parganas.gov.in/n24p/page.php?nm=Map_Gallery# |title = North 24 Parganas District |work = Map Gallery – CD Blocks| publisher= North 24 Parganas district administration | accessdate = 10 March 2016}} {{Municipalities of West Bengal}}{{North 24 Parganas topics}}2. ^{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 13 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| accessdate = 16 April 2018}} 3. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Map of Habra 1 CD Block, Page 289 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| accessdate = 16 April 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2010-2011, Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal|accessdate = 16 April 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Map of North Twenty Four Parganas with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| accessdate = 16 April 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = North Twentfour Parganas - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 30 April 2018}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 10 March 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_11.htm |title=Census of India 2001, Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table - 4 |accessdate=2010-10-25 |work=North Twenty Four Parganas District (11) |publisher=Government of West Bengal |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_11.htm |archivedate=27 September 2007 }} 9. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| title=District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas | work= Intro P 6 |publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010 | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| title=District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas | work= Page 259, Table 11.2.2 |publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010 | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: North 24 Parganas, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Brief Analysis of Inset Tables based on Primary Census Abstract 2011 (Inset Tables 1-35), Table I: Decadal change in population of Tahsils (Sub-district) by Residence, 2001-2011, Page 52 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 20 April 2018 }} 12. ^{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook | work = North 24 Parganas 2010-2011; Table 2.4A: Distribution of Rural and Urban Population by Sex in the district of North 24 Parganas, 1991; Table 2.4B: Distribution of Rural and Urban Population by Sex in the district of North 24 Parganas, 2001 |publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook: North 24 Parganas, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Growth Rate, Page 45 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011| accessdate = 25 July 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html | title = Census of India 2011: Provisional Totals for West Bengal | publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India | accessdate = 26 April 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| title=District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas | work= Page 40, Table 3.2.1 |publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010 | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.rediff.com/news/report/why-bsf-wants-817-km-of-indo-bangla-border-fenced-urgently/20160821.htm | title = Why BSF wants 81.7 km of Indo-Bangla border fenced urgently | work = | publisher = Rediff.com. 21 August 2016 | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/10049-lashkar-helped-fan-basirhat-tension | title = Laskar helped fan Basirhat tension| first = Abhinandan|last= Mishra | publisher = Sunday Guardian, 8 July 2017 | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/03/infiltrating-porous-bangladesh-india-border-150323140511893.html | title = Infiltrating porous Bangladesh-India border| publisher = Aljazeera | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 19. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/bangladeshi-infiltration-the-reality-check.html | title = Bangladeshi Infiltrators – the Reality Check | publisher = The Pioneer, 27 June 2015 | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 20. ^{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 50: Mother-tongue | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| accessdate = 16 April 2018}} 21. ^1 2 {{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 20 July 2016}} 22. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/docs/Handbook_2004/24Pgs(N)2.pdf |title = Block Level Statistics of North 24 Parganas District| work= Handbook 2004|publisher= Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 20 July 2016}} 23. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| title=District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas | work= Page 259, Table 11.2.2 |publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010 | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 24. ^{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North 24 Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 93, Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories ofEconomic Activity in Sub-district 2011; Page 84, Table 30: Number and Percentage of Main Workers, Marginal Workers and Non-workers by sex in sub-districts, 2011| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| accessdate = 19 April 2011}} 25. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| title=District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas | work= Pages 27-28 |publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010 | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 26. ^{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North 24 Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| accessdate = 19 April 2018}} 27. ^{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Nort 24 Parganas district, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 103-104, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011 | publisher = Directorate of Operations, West Bengal. | accessdate = 19 April 2018}} 28. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgs%20north.PDF| title=District Human Development Report: North 24 Parganas | work= Pages 66, 195 |publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2010 | accessdate = 20 April 2018}} 29. ^{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title=District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work= (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33|publisher= Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | accessdate = 7 August 2016}} 30. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2010-2011, Tables 17.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 (arranged in order of use) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 16 April 2018}} 31. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | accessdate = 29 April 2018}} 32. ^{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/sealdah-bangaon-local-33811/17298/325/7814#st |title = 33811 Sealdah-Bangaon local |work= Time Table| publisher= India Railinfo | accessdate = 29 April 2018}} 33. ^{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, North Twentyfour Parganas, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 717, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | accessdate = 28 April 2018}} 34. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 24 May 2018}} 35. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb2.htm | title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study ) | accessdate = 2011-02-17 | last = | first = | work = Groundwater arsenic contamination status of North 24-Parganas district, one of the nine arsenic affected districts of West Bengal-India | publisher = SOES}} 1 : Community development blocks in North 24 Parganas district |
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