| 释义 |
- References
Hadji Muhammed was a small village in Southern Iraq which gives its name to a style of painted pottery and the early phase of what is the Ubaid culture.[1] The pottery is painted in dark brown, black or purple in an attractive geometric style. Sandwiched between the earliest settlement of Eridu and the later "classical" Ubaid style, the culture is found as far north as Ras Al-Amiya. The Hadji Muhammed period saw the development of extensive canal networks from major settlements.[2] Irrigation agriculture, which seems to have developed first at Choga Mami (4700–4600 BC) and rapidly spread elsewhere, from the first required collective effort and centralised coordination of labour. Buildings were of wattle and daub or mud brick.[3] Joan Oates has suggested on the basis of continuity in configurations of certain vessels, despite differences in thickness of others that it is just a difference in style, rather than a new cultural tradition [4]References1. ^Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2002) "Encyclopedic dictionary of archaeology" (Springer)(p225)
2. ^Kurt, Amélie (1996), "Ancient near East" Vol.1 (Routledge History of the Ancient World)Routledge (31 Dec 1996) {{ISBN|978-0-415-01353-6}} p.22
3. ^Mellaart, James (1976), "Neolithic of the Near East" (Macmillan)
4. ^Fischer, Richard James (2007), "Historical Genesis: from Adam to Abraham" (University Press of America) p.33
{{coord missing|Iraq}} 3 : Archaeological sites in Iraq|Former populated places in Iraq|Ubaid period |