| 词条 | Hafod Uchtryd | |||||||||
| 释义 |
|country = Wales |welsh_name = Hafod Uchtryd |constituency_welsh_assembly = Ceredigion |official_name = Hafod Estate |coordinates = {{coord|52.3699|-3.9617|display=inline,title}} |unitary_wales = Ceredigion |lieutenancy_wales = Dyfed |constituency_westminster = Ceredigion |post_town = ABERYSTWYTH |postcode_district = SY23 |postcode_area = SY |dial_code = 01970 |os_grid_reference = SN6676 |cardiff_distance_mi = 90 |cardiff_distance = SE |population = |population_ref = |static_image = Hafod House (1131119).jpg |static_image_width = 240px |static_image_caption = A depiction of the Hafod Estate, circa 1795 by John Warwick Smith }}Hafod Uchtryd ({{lang-en|summer mansion of Uchtryd}}) is a wooded and landscaped estate, located in Ceredigion, west Wales, in the Ystwyth valley. It is near Devil's Bridge, Cwmystwyth and Pont-rhyd-y-groes off the B4574 road - which is described by the Automobile Association as one of the ten most scenic drives in the world.[1] It was anciently the location of a dwelling on the side of the hill above the river Ystwyth, looking to the east. First used as a hunting lodge for Welsh Chieftains, it became home to landed gentry and nobility, and in the late eighteenth century became a celebrated landscape, under the ownership of Thomas Johnes.[2] Early historyThe lands of the Hafod Uchtryd were within the boundaries of the Cistercian Abbey Strata Florida (Welsh: Caron-Uwch-Clawdd). After the dissolution of the monasteries by king Henry VIII (1536–1540) during the English Reformation the abbey's holdings were divided and awarded to new tenants. Some of the Strata Florida lands were granted to the Herbert family, who came to Ceredigion during the reign of Elizabeth I. Sir Richard Herbert of Pengelly and Cwmystwyth was High Sheriff of Cardigan from 22 November 1542.
The estate lies within the parish of Llanfihangel y Creuddyn. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081024061115/http://www.dyfedfhs.org.uk/cgn/cgnegnd.htm St. Michael (Hafod), Eglwys Newydd, Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn] was a chapel-of-ease in that parish, and was rebuilt for Thomas Johnes by James Wyatt in 1801. It is near Llanddewi-Brefi. Golden yearsBetween 1790 and 1810 were the golden years at Hafod. Between 1782 and 1813 approximately 405 to 485 hectares (1000-1200 acres) of forest, mainly European Larch and Scots Pine were planted on high ground by the estate owner Colonel Thomas Johnes, with oak and beech on the lower, more fertile land. In spite of two months of little rain, of 80,000 larch planted in April 1796, only 200 died. Following a visit to the estate in 1798 by Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, the President of the Royal Society of Arts (RSA), Johnes was encouraged to offer himself for the awards made by the Society for silviculture. He was awarded five Gold Medals as follows: [6]
Approximately three million trees were planted on the estate during the tenancy of Colonel Johnes. Notable occupants
Notable neighboursThe estate shares a border along the River Ystwyth with that of the Trawsgoed estate. Later ownership
DemolitionThe mansion was declared vacant in 1946. By 1958 the house was derelict, and it was demolished that year. Only the stables remain, as the current estate offices, and a large pile of rubble. Other isolated buildings and cottages also survive, at least one of which may be rented as holiday accommodation. TodayToday the Hafod estate occupies some 200 hectares of the Ystwyth valley and surrounding hills. Most is owned by Natural Resources Wales which, in partnership with the Hafod Trust,[9] is managing conservation and restoration projects with public and private funding. In 1998, the Hafod Estate received a grant of £330,000 from the Heritage Lottery Fund. A detailed management plan has been prepared and is now being implemented. The Estate employs one full-time and two part-time management and administrative staff, a horse logger,[10] and various contract workers, and has recently appointed two crafts-people. Their roles are to ensure that the management plan is carried out to the highest standards. Visitors today can follow many a waymarked walk that captures the ‘Spirit of Place’ which is Hafod. The Estate is popular with tourists who wish to enjoy some of the most picturesque views and pleasant walks in Wales. The walks have names such as ‘The Gentleman’s Walk’, ‘The Bedford Monument Walk’ and ‘The Alpine Bridge Walk.’ The grassy parkland areas around the ruins of the old house are homes to diverse populations of grassland fungi, notably waxcaps, are represent one of the best areas in the UK for these fungi.[11] See also
Further reading
|title=An Attempt to Describe Hafod |author=G. Cumberland |origyear=1796 |year=1996|edition=reprint|isbn=0-9527941-0-1 |publisher=Hafod trust }},[9] includes a map engraved by William Blake and pencil sketches by Thomas Johnes.
|title=An Attempt to Depict Hafod |author=David Yerburgh |year=2000 |isbn=0-9535635-1-0 |publisher=Hafod trust }},[9] a modern photographic parallel to 'An Attempt to Describe Hafod'
Notes1. ^PM should head West for a ‘hidden gem’ holiday destination. 2. ^Wild Wales: Its People, Language and Scenery 3. ^The Hafod Collection {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907174936/http://archifdy-ceredigion.org.uk/dogfennau/Hafod_complete.pdf |date=2008-09-07 }} 4. ^{{cite book |title=Peacocks in Paradise |author=Elisabeth Inglis-Jones |year=1990 |publisher=Gomer press |isbn=0-86383-672-0}} 5. ^{{cite book |title=The Hafod Landscape |author=Jennifer Macve |year=2004 |isbn=0-9527941-1-X |publisher=Hafod trust}} 6. ^Royal Society of Arts Awards {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024025742/http://www.rsatrees.org/future/casestudies.php?action=view&newsID=3 |date=2008-10-24 }} 7. ^The Annual Biography and Obituary for the Year 1817 8. ^Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales 9. ^1 2 3 4 Hafod Estate 10. ^Log Chute Report, Jon West 11. ^{{Cite journal|last=Griffith|first=GW.|date=2013|title=The international conservation importance of Welsh ‘waxcap’ grasslands|url=http://www.mycosphere.org/pdf/MC4_5_No10.pdf|journal=Mycosphere|volume=4|issue=5|pages=969–984|doi=10.5943/mycosphere/4/5/10|issn=2077-7019}} External links{{Commons category|Hafod Uchtryd}}
6 : Buildings and structures in Ceredigion|Forests and woodlands of Ceredigion|History of Ceredigion|Ruins in Wales|Buildings and structures demolished in 1958|Welsh country houses destroyed in the 20th century |
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