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词条 Hamid Algar
释义

  1. Life and career

  2. Views and scholarly critiques

  3. Books

  4. References

Hamid Algar (born 1940) is a British-American Professor Emeritus of Persian studies at the Faculty of Near Eastern Studies, University of California, Berkeley. He is a prolific writer on Persian and Arabic literature and contemporary history of Iran, Turkey, the Balkans and Afghanistan. He served on the UC Berkeley faculty for 45 years (from 1965 to 2010). Algar remains an active scholar and his research has concentrated on the Islamic history of the Perso-Turkish world, with particular emphasis on Iranian Shi'ism during the past two centuries and the Naqshbandi Sufi order.[1][2] Algar is a Shia Muslim.[3]

Life and career

After earning his B.A. with first-class honors in Oriental Languages (Arabic and Persian) at Trinity College, Cambridge, he was offered a scholarship to Tehran University in Iran, where he planned to work for his Ph.D. He then moved to Cambridge and defended his thesis in 1965. Algar wrote his Ph.D. on the political role of Shi'a religious scholars in the 19th century.[4]

Algar met with Khomeini in exile in Paris and on brief occasions in Iran after the revolution there in 1979. He translated selected writings and speeches of Khomeini for Islam and Revolution, and also gave his own account, The Roots of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. He considers the Iranian revolution "the most significant, hopeful, and profound event in the entirety of contemporary Islamic history."[4]

He received his formal training in Islamic studies at Cambridge University. In Berkeley he taught courses including tafsir, Sufism, Shi'ism, the history of Islam in Iran, Arabic, Persian and Turkish literature. Algar is the author of more than 100 articles in the Encyclopedia Iranica.[4]

In regards to his conversion to Islam, Algar has said, "I don't look like the average person's idea of a Muslim."[4]

Views and scholarly critiques

Algar is described as "a seasoned scholar who knows his Islamic theology and modern Middle Eastern history". According to Algar, Wahhabis lie outside the wide orbit of Sunni Muslim orthodoxy. Algar criticizes the Saudi regime for supporting them as he believes the Wahhabism fed into movements such as the Taliban. He similarly charges United States for backing the Arabian Peninsula climate over the years.[5] While his work on the political role of Shi'i clerics has been said to be 'an outstanding study of one of the most interesting periods of Iranian history',[6] some sources find Hamid Algar's explanations of complex events on the theoretical plane as simplistic.[7]

Ervand Abrahamian refers to Algar's biography of Mirza Malkum Khan as "highly readable, well documented, and definitive" pointing out Algar's "meticulous scholarship". He does, however mention some of Algar's "minor" flaws in that work.[8] Algar's translation of Arabic poetry has been described as a sensitive one which "often achieves a beauty and conviction equal to the original poem".[9]

He caused a public incident in April 1998, during an on-campus commemoration of the Armenian Genocide organized by the Armenian Students' Association, when he allegedly said that Armenian genocide never happened and made other controversial remarks.[10][11][12] A subsequent complaint prompted the university to carry out an investigation. In January 1999, the five-month-long investigation concluded and found that while Professor Algar's comments "seem to fall within the bounds of constitutionally protected speech", it did not mean that "the University condones the type of speech used by the parties."[10] The Complaint Resolution Office did, however, issue an apology to the students on behalf of the university.[13] Not satisfied with the university's response, the students turned to the Associated Students of UC Berkeley, which unanimously passed a resolution entitled "A Bill Against Hate Speech and in Support of Reprimand for Prof. Algar" on March 10, 1999.[14]

Books

  • 1- Imam Abu Hamid Ghazali,
  • 2- Jesus in the Qur'an
  • 3- Roots of The Islamic Revolution in Iran
  • 4- Sufism: Principles and Practice
  • 5- Surat Al-Fatiha: Foundation of the Qur'an
  • 6- The Sunna: Its Obligatory and Exemplary Aspects
  • 7- Wahhabism: A Critical Essay
  • 8- Religion and State in Iran: 1785-1906 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969)
  • 9- Mirza Malkum Khan: A Biographical Study in Iranian Modernism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973)
  • 10- translator from the Persian with introduction and annotations to The Path of God's Bondsmen from Origin to Return by Najm al-Din Razi, known as Daya (Delmar, NY: Caravan Books, 1982)
  • 11- translator and annotator, Islam and Revolution: Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini (Berkeley: Mizan Press, 1981)

References

1. ^{{Cite web| title = Professor Hamid Algar, the Distinguished Shia Muslim Scholar in USA| work = Imam Reza Network| accessdate = 2009-07-04| url = http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=7094}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/pages/consulting|title=Consulting Editors – Encyclopaedia Iranica|first=|last=electricpulp.com|website=www.iranicaonline.org}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://english.irib.ir/news/world/us-canada/item/151611-professor-hamid-algar-the-distinguished-shia-muslim-scholar-in-usa|title=Professor Hamid Algar, the Distinguished Shia Muslim Scholar in USA|access-date=2017-11-16|language=en-gb}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.campus-watch.org/article/id/718|title=A Conversation with Hamid Algar - Campus Watch|website=www.campus-watch.org}}
5. ^{{cite journal|jstor=20033330|title=Review of Wahhabism: A Critical Essay|first=L. Carl|last=Brown|date=3 June 2017|publisher=|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=81|issue=5|pages=216–216|doi=10.2307/20033330}}
6. ^{{cite journal|jstor=599662|title=Review of Religion and State in Iran 1785-1906: The Role of the Ulama in the Qajar Period|first=Nikki|last=Keddie|date=3 June 1972|publisher=|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=92|issue=1|pages=116–118|doi=10.2307/599662}}
7. ^{{cite journal|jstor=20837313|title=Review of Roots of the Islamic Revolution in Iran: Four Lectures by|first=Tariq|last=Rahman|date=3 June 2017|publisher=|journal=Islamic Studies|volume=42|issue=4|pages=711–714|doi=10.2307/20837313}}
8. ^Mirza Malkum Khan: A Study in the History of Iranian Modernism by Hamid Algar, Reviewed by Ervand Abrahamian Journal of the American Oriental Society Vol. 96, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1976), pp. 308-309
9. ^An Anthology of Modern Arabic Poetry by Mounah A. Khouri; Hamid Algar, Reviewed by Francis X. Paz Journal of Near Eastern Studies Vol. 36, No. 3 (Jul., 1977), p. 241
10. ^1 Hovsepian, Shaké. "You Stupid Armenians, You Deserve to be Massacred." Usanogh. April 24, 1999. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
11. ^{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Chip|title=Free Speech Shows Bad Judgment / Professor's ugly remarks should not be tolerated|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|date=February 27, 1999|page=A21}}
12. ^{{cite journal|title=Armenian Students Win Historic Vote on Berkeley Campus|journal=Armenian Reporter|date=March 20, 1999|volume=32|issue=25|page=22|location=Paramus, New Jersey|issn=1074-1453}}
13. ^Hernandez, Daniel. "Professor's Actions Exonerated." Daily Cal. February 24, 1999. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
14. ^"UC Berkeley Senate Calls On Prof. to Apologize." Asbarez. March 16, 1999. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
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8 : 1940 births|British emigrants to the United States|American Iranologists|Armenian Genocide deniers|University of Tehran alumni|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|University of California, Berkeley faculty|Living people
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