“Hans-Diedrich von Tiesenhausen”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Hans-Diedrich von Tiesenhausen (22 February 1913 – 17 August 2000) was a German naval commander during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

Career

Von Tiesenhausen was born on 22 February 1913 in Riga, at the time part of the Russian Empire, as a member of the Baltic German nobility family Tiesenhausen and son of Gerhard von Tiesenhausen. He joined the Reichsmarine (renamed the Kriegsmarine on 1 June 1935) on 8 April 1934. After undergoing basic military training in the ship core division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund, he was transferred to the training ship Gorch Fock on 15 June 1934. Promoted Lieutenant, von Tiesenhausen served on the cruiser Nürnberg, taking part in security patrols in Spanish waters in 1937. He then had served with the 5th Marine Artillery Battalion in Pillau.

U-Boats

Promoted to Oberleutnant zur See on 1 April 1939, he reported for submarine training in October 1939, after the outbreak of World War II. On graduation, from December 1939 he served as Second Watch Officer on {{GS|U-23|1936|2}}, commanded by Otto Kretschmer. During his tour on U-23, he completed three successful patrols during which the boat sank five ships for a total of 27,000 tons, as well as one destroyer. His fourth patrol on U-23 was under the command of Commander Beduhn, after which he was posted as First Watch Officer to the new U-93, commanded by Claus Korth.

U-331

On 31 March 1941, he was given command of a new Type VIIC boat, {{GS|U-331||2}}. The boat left Kiel on 2 July 1941, patrolling out into the mid-Atlantic Ocean as far as the Azores, before arriving at Lorient, France on 19 August.^[1]

After sailing from Lorient on 24 September, and making the difficult passage into the Mediterranean Sea, on 10 October the boat engaged three British tank landing craft off Sidi Barrani, Egypt. Inflicting slight damage with her deck gun, the attack was broken off after being hit by 40 mm shells, which wounded two men (one fatally) and damaged the conning tower. The following day the boat arrived at Salamis, Greece.^[2]

Departing Salamis on 12 November 1941, the boat was tasked with landing seven men of the Lehrregiment Brandenburg^[3] east of Ras Gibeisa, on a mission to blow up a railway line near the Egyptian coast.^[4] After completing this important task, Von Tiesenhausen was given free movement to patrol and attack Allied targets along the Egyptian coast. On 25 November 1941, north of Sidi Barrani, U-331 fired three torpedoes into the British {{sclass-|Queen Elizabeth|battleship|2}} {{HMS|Barham|04|6}}. As the ship rolled over, her magazines exploded and she quickly sank^[5] with the loss of 861 men, while 395 were rescued.^[6] U-331 returned to Salamis on 3 December, where Von Tiesenhausen was promoted to Kapitänleutnant and awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.^[7]

Her next five patrols passed without incident or further sinkings, as she patrolled from Salamis to La Spezia, Italy. On her tenth patrol, U-331 was sunk on 17 November 1942, north of Algiers, during "Operation Torch". She had been badly damaged after being attacked by a Lockheed Hudson bomber and signalled surrender, but was attacked and sunk by a Fairey Albacore torpedo-bomber from the British aircraft carrier {{HMS|Formidable|67|6}}. Of her crew 32 were killed and 17 survived, including von Tiesenhausen.

Later life

As a prisoner of war, Von Tiesenhausen was initially moved to England, he then spent the rest of the war as a PoW in Canada, until his release in 1947.

Returning to West Germany, he worked as a joiner, but in late 1951 he returned to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,^[7] where he became an interior architect and a nature photographer.

Awards

Combat career

References

Citations

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4930.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-331 from 2 Jul 1941 to 19 Aug 1941 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-11}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4931.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-331 from 24 Sep 1941 to 11 Oct 1941 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-11}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.uboatarchive.net/U-331INT.htm |title=Report on the interrogation of survivors from U-331 |website=www.uboatarchive.net |accessdate=2010-01-12}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_4932.html |title=Patrol of U-boat U-331 from 12 Nov 1941 to 3 Dec 1941 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-11}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/1206.html |title=HMS Barham (04) (Battleship) |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-11}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.webatomics.com/jason/barhamconspiracy.html |title=The Barham Conspiracy|author=Jason Stevenson |publisher=www.webatomics.com |accessdate=2010-01-11 }}
7. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/men/tiesenhausen.htm |title=Kapitänleutnant Freiherr Hans-Diedrich von Tiesenhausen |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate=2010-01-11}}
8. ^Busch & Röll 2003, p. 190.
9. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶Busch & Röll 2003, p. 191.
10. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 745.
11. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 423.

Bibliography