| 词条 | Hanwoo | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Hanwoo | image = Hanu.jpg | image_alt = head of a pale-coloured cow | image_caption = | status = FAO (2007): not at risk | altname = {{ubl|Hanu|Korean Brown|Korean Native}} | country = Korea | distribution = | standard = | use = formerly draught, now meat | maleweight = 466 kg{{r|dad}} | femaleweight = 355 kg{{r|dad}} | maleheight = 124 cm{{r|dad}} | femaleheight = 117 cm{{r|dad}} | skin_colour = | coat = brown{{r|dad}} | horn = horned in both sexes | subspecies = | note = taurus }}{{Infobox Korean name |img= |caption= |hangul=한우 |hanja=韓牛 |rr=Hanu |mr=Hanu |}} The Hanwoo ({{lang-ko|한우}}), also Hanu or Korean Native, is a breed of small cattle native to Korea. It was formerly used as a draught animal, but this use has almost disappeared. It is now raised mainly for meat.{{r|cabi|page=193}} It is one of four indigenous Korean breeds, the others being the Chikso, the Heugu and the Jeju Black.{{r|dad3}} HistoryThe Hanwoo was traditionally a working animal breed. Until the expansion of the South Korean economy in the 1960s, it was little used for beef production.{{r|cabi|page=193}} A herd book was established in 1968.{{r|dad}} Hanwoo beef has since become a premium product. The Hanwoo was listed by the FAO as "not at risk" in 2007.{{r|barb|page=93}} In 2003, the total population was reported to be about {{nobreak|1 240 000}}; in 2014, it was reported as {{nobreak|2 670 000}}.{{r|dad}} In 2001, the Hanwoo was suggested to be a hybrid between taurine and indicine cattle.{{r|hur}} A mitochondrial DNA study in 2010 found it to be closely related to two taurine breeds, the Holstein and the Japanese Black, and distinctly different from the indicine Nellore and {{illm|Zwergzebu|de}}.{{r|jas}} In 2014, single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis found Korean cattle to form a distinct group with the Yanbian breed of China, separate from European taurine breeds and distant from the indicine group.{{r|jast}} CharacteristicsThe Hanwoo is a small breed. The coat is brown; both sexes are horned. Cows have good maternal qualities, but milk production is low, little more than {{nobreak|400 l}} in a lactation of 170 days.{{r|dad}} The cattle are fed rice straw as their principal source of roughage.{{r|dad}} A rare white variant of the Hanwoo has been bred since 2009; in 2014 there were 14 head. It is reported to DAD-IS as a separate breed.{{r|dad2}} UseDespite its high price, hanwoo beef may be preferred to cheaper imported meat in Korean cuisine, as the former is regarded as fresher and of better quality. Kim et al. (2001) noted, "Hanwoo is regarded as a premium beef because of its high palatability and desired chewiness".[1] Since Koreans consider hanwoo beef a cultural icon and one of the top-quality beefs of the world, it is used in traditional foods, popular holiday dishes, or as a special-day gift.[2] Hoengseong County is best known for its Hanwoo cattle, where the environment is well-suited for cattle farming. The county began a strategic marketing campaign to brand itself as the origin of the highest quality beef in Korea; selling meat as a "premium product".[2][3]GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite journal|title=Early postmortem processing conditions on meat quality of Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) beef during storage|authors=B.C. Kim, M.S. Rhee, Y.C. Ryu, J.Y. Imm, and K.C. Koh|journal=Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences|volume=14 |issue=12 |date=December 2001|pages=1763–1768|url=http://www.ajas.info/journal/view.php?number=20058}} . Accessed January 2017.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]2. ^{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3009853|title=Fall colors and fine food await in rural county|date=2015-10-03|publisher=Korea JoongAng Daily|accessdate=2016-06-27}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2016/04/123_29275.html|title=Hanwoo Beef Goes Premium|date=2008-08-13|accessdate=2016-06-27|publisher=The Korea Times}} 4. ^Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}. 5. ^Breed data sheet: Hanwoo/Korea, Republic of. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2017. 6. ^Breed data sheet: Hanwoo White/Korea, Republic of. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2017. 7. ^Breeds reported by Korea, Republic of. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2017. 8. ^1 {{cite journal|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/357q780585504910/ |title=A Comparison of the Meat Qualities from the Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) and Holstein Steer|authors= Sun Jin Hur, Gu Boo Park and Seon Tea Joo|journal=Food and Bioprocess Technology|volume=1|number=2|date=June 2008|pages=196–200}} 9. ^EunHee Kim, Hyun Sub Cheong, Joon Seol Bae, Ji-Yong Chun, Tae Joon Park, KyoungKap Lee, YoungMin Yun, Hyoung Doo Shin (2010). [https://www.animalsciencepublications.org/publications/jas/pdfs/88/8/2551 Identification of genetic polymorphisms in bovine mtDNA]. Journal of Animal Science 88 (8):2551-2555. {{doi|10.2527/jas.2009-2235}} 10. ^Seung-Hwan Lee, Byoung-Ho Park, Aditi Sharma, Chang-Gwon Dang, Seung-Soo Lee, Tae-Jeong Choi, Yeon-Ho Choy, Hyeong-Cheol Kim, Ki-Jun Jeon, Si-Dong Kim, Seong-Heum Yeon, Soo-Bong Park, Hee-Seol Kang (2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534185/ Hanwoo cattle: origin, domestication, breeding strategies and genomic selection]. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 56 (2). {{doi|10.1186/2055-0391-56-2}} }} Further reading
4 : Korean cuisine|Beef cattle breeds|Cattle breeds originating in Korea|Cattle breeds |
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