| 词条 | Harare Province | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Harare Province | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = Province | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_size = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_size = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_size = | blank_emblem_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Zimbabwe - Harare.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Harare Province in Zimbabwe | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_alt1 = | map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Zimbabwe | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = | established_date = | established_title1 = Established | established_date1 = 1983 | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = Capital | seat = Harare | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_party = ZANU–PF | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = Miriam Chikukwa | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | total_type = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 872 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_dunam = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1,490 | elevation_ft = | population_total = 2,123,132 | population_as_of = 2012 census | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_rank = 1st | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name_sec1 = HDI (2017) | blank_info_sec1 = 0.622[1] {{color|#fc0|medium}} · 2nd | website = | footnotes = | elevation_max_m = 1,540 }}Harare Metropolitan Province ({{IPAc-en|h|ə|ˈ|r|ɑr|eɪ}}[2]) is a province in northeastern Zimbabwe. It comprises Harare, the country's capital and most populous city, and two other municipalities, Chitungwiza and Epworth.[3] Originally part of Mashonaland Province, in 1983 the province was divided into three large provinces, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, and Mashonaland West, while Harare and two nearby towns became their own metropolitan province. Harare Province is divided into four districts. Miriam Chikukwa is the current provincial governor.[4] Harare Province has an area of {{convert|872|km2|mi2}}, equal to .22% of the total area of Zimbabwe. It is the second-smallest in area of the country's provinces, after the city-province of Bulawayo. As of the 2012 census, the province has a population of 2,123,132,[5] of whom an estimated 1,606,000 live in Harare proper, 365,026 in Chitungwiza, and the remaining 152,116 in Epworth. In total, Harare Province is home to 16.26% of Zimbabwe's population, making it the country's most populous province. The province is Zimbabwe's leading political, financial, commercial, and communications centre, as well as a trade centre for tobacco, maize, cotton, and citrus fruits. Manufacturing, including textiles, steel, and chemicals, is also economically significant, as is gold mining. The province is home to several universities, a number of leading professional sports teams, and many historical sites and tourist attractions. EtymologyHarare Province is named after the city of Harare, which in turn took its name from a black township in the city now known as Mbare. Originally, the name "Harare" applied to a village near the Harare Kopje led by the Shona chief Neharawa, whose name meant "he who does not sleep."[6] The city of Harare, previously named Salisbury, was renamed on 18 April 1982, the second anniversary of Zimbabwean independence.[6] When Harare and two nearby towns separated from Mashonaland Province in 1983, the new province took the same name. GeographyHarare Province covers an area of {{Convert|872|sqkm|}}, making it the 2nd-smallest province in Zimbabwe, after Bulawayo Metropolitan Province. It is situated in the northeastern part of the country, in the Mashonaland region. It is bordered to the north by Mashonaland Central Province, to the west by Mashonaland West Province, and to the east and south by Mashonaland East Province. Harare proper covers most of the province's area, while Chitungwiza and Epworth take up smaller areas of the province, both bordering Mashonaland East. {{Geographic Location (8-way)| Centre = Harare Province | Northwest = | North = Mashonaland Central | Northeast = | East = Mashonaland East | Southeast = | South = Mashonaland East | Southwest = | West = Mashonaland West }} ClimateUnder the Köppen climate classification, Harare Province has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb), an oceanic climate variety. {{Weather box|location=Harare (1961–1990, extremes 1897–present)|metric first=yes|single line=yes|Jan record high C=33.9|Feb record high C=35.0|Mar record high C=32.3|Apr record high C=32.0|May record high C=30.0|Jun record high C=27.7|Jul record high C=28.8|Aug record high C=31.0|Sep record high C=35.0|Oct record high C=36.7|Nov record high C=35.3|Dec record high C=33.5|year record high C=36.7|Jan high C=26.2|Feb high C=26.0|Mar high C=26.2|Apr high C=25.6|May high C=23.8|Jun high C=21.8|Jul high C=21.6|Aug high C=24.1|Sep high C=28.4|Oct high C=28.8|Nov high C=27.6|Dec high C=26.3|year high C=25.5|Jan mean C=21.0|Feb mean C=20.7|Mar mean C=20.3|Apr mean C=18.8|May mean C=16.1|Jun mean C=13.7|Jul mean C=13.4|Aug mean C=15.5|Sep mean C=18.6|Oct mean C=20.8|Nov mean C=21.2|Dec mean C=20.9|year mean C=18.4|Jan low C=15.8|Feb low C=15.7|Mar low C=14.5|Apr low C=12.5|May low C=9.3|Jun low C=6.8|Jul low C=6.5|Aug low C=8.5|Sep low C=11.7|Oct low C=14.5|Nov low C=15.5|Dec low C=15.8|year low C=12.3|Jan record low C=9.6|Feb record low C=8.0|Mar record low C=7.5|Apr record low C=4.7|May record low C=2.8|Jun record low C=0.1|Jul record low C=0.1|Aug record low C=1.1|Sep record low C=4.1|Oct record low C=5.1|Nov record low C=6.1|Dec record low C=10.0|year record low C=0.1|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=190.8|Feb precipitation mm=176.3|Mar precipitation mm=99.1|Apr precipitation mm=37.2|May precipitation mm=7.4|Jun precipitation mm=1.8|Jul precipitation mm=2.3|Aug precipitation mm=2.9|Sep precipitation mm=6.5|Oct precipitation mm=40.4|Nov precipitation mm=93.2|Dec precipitation mm=182.7|year precipitation mm=840.6|unit precipitation days=|Jan precipitation days=17|Feb precipitation days=14|Mar precipitation days=10|Apr precipitation days=5|May precipitation days=2|Jun precipitation days=1|Jul precipitation days=0|Aug precipitation days=1|Sep precipitation days=1|Oct precipitation days=5|Nov precipitation days=10|Dec precipitation days=16|year precipitation days=82|Jan humidity=76|Feb humidity=77|Mar humidity=72|Apr humidity=67|May humidity=62|Jun humidity=60|Jul humidity=55|Aug humidity=50|Sep humidity=45|Oct humidity=48|Nov humidity=63|Dec humidity=73|year humidity=62|Jan sun=217.0|Feb sun=190.4|Mar sun=232.5|Apr sun=249.0|May sun=269.7|Jun sun=264.0|Jul sun=279.0|Aug sun=300.7|Sep sun=294.0|Oct sun=285.2|Nov sun=231.0|Dec sun=198.4|year sun=3010.9|Jand sun=7.0|Febd sun=6.8|Mard sun=7.5|Aprd sun=8.3|Mayd sun=8.7|Jund sun=8.8|Juld sun=9.0|Augd sun=9.7|Sepd sun=9.8|Octd sun=9.2|Novd sun=7.7|Decd sun=6.4|yeard sun=8.2|source 1=World Meteorological Organization,[7] NOAA (sun and mean temperature, 1961–1990),[8]|source 2=Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1954–1975),[9] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[10]|date=August 2010}} Government and politicsProvincial government{{See also|List of governors of Harare Province}}Harare Province is overseen by the Minister of State for Harare Province, a de facto governor who oversees provincial affairs and sits in the House of Assembly of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. The governor is appointed by the President of Zimbabwe and is not appointed to a set term. Historically, the governor held the title Governor of Harare, but the office has since been renamed to align with the 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe, which does not allow for provincial governors. The current Minister of State for Harare Province is Miriam Chikukwa, a ZANU–PF member who was appointed by President Robert Mugabe in December 2013. DistrictsHarare Province is divided into four districts: Harare Urban, Harare Rural, Chitungwiza, and Epworth.[11] The city of Harare is divided between Harare Urban and Rural districts, while Chitungwiza and Epworth are conterminous with their respective districts. National politics
Like each of Zimbabwe's ten provinces, Harare Province is represented in the Senate by six senators, three of whom must be women.[16] Senators are not directly elected by voters, but are instead selected by party lists via a proportional representation system.[16] The province's current senators since the 2018 elections are Theresa Makone (MDC Alliance), Elias Mudzuri (MDC Alliance), Kerina Gweshe (MDC Alliance), Morgan Femai (MDC Alliance), Sipani Hungwe (ZANU–PF), Oliver Chidawu (ZANU–PF).[17] Harare Province is represented by 29 Members of Parliament in the House of Assembly, Zimbabwe's lower house of Parliament. The province's current MPs since the 2018 elections are Samuel Banda, Tendai Biti, Starman Chamisa, James Chidakwa, Happymore Chidziva, Wellington Chikombo, Goodrich Chimbaira, Kennedy Dinar, Shakespear Hamauswa, Chalton Hwende, Winnie Kankuni, Godfrey Karakadzay Sithole, Earthrage Kureva, Costa Machingauta, Willias Madzimure, Joanah Mamombe, Susan Matsunga, Allan Norman Markham, Tapiwa Mashakada, Maxwell Mavhunga, Tongai Mnangagwa, Peter Moyo, Erick Murai, Miriam Mushayi, Evan Mushoriwa, Job Sikhala, Unganai Tarusenga, Vimbai Tsvangirai-Java, and Murisi Zwizwai. All are members of the MDC Alliance except for Mnangagwa, a ZANU–PF member and the nephew of President Emmerson Mnangagwa. See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}} {{Geography of Zimbabwe}}{{coord|17|51|S|31|03|E|display=title|region:ZW_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/harare|title=Harare|publisher=|accessdate=25 May 2015}} 3. ^{{cite report|url=http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/128/Harare%20Provincial%20Profile.pdf|accessdate=2013-11-22|publisher=Parliament Research Department|date=2011|title=Harare Provincial Profile|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703165734/http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/attachments/article/128/Harare%20Provincial%20Profile.pdf|archivedate=2013-07-03|df=}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/mnangagwa-appoints-military-commanders-in-recycled-cabinet/4144702.html|title=Mnangagwa Appoints Coup Plotters to Key Ministries in Recycled Mugabe Cabinet|publisher=Voice of America}} 5. ^{{cite report|url=http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/CensusPreliminary2012.pdf|accessdate=2013-11-25|publisher=Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency|date=2013|title=Census Results in Brief|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060905/http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/CensusPreliminary2012.pdf|archivedate=2013-09-03|df=}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|title=Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities and Historic Sights|last=Room|first=Adrian|publisher=McFarland|year=2003|ISBN=9780786418145}} 7. ^{{cite web|url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/130/c00263.htm|title = World Weather Information Service – Harare|publisher= World Meteorological Organization|accessdate = 10 June 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/ZI/67775.TXT|title = Harare Kutsaga Climate Normals 1961–1990|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate = 10 June 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_677750_kt.pdf|title = Klimatafel von Harare-Kutsaga (Salisbury) / Simbabwe|work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world|publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst|language = German|accessdate = 10 June 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web |url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=944|title = Station Harare |publisher = Meteo Climat |language = French |accessdate = 10 June 2016}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.zimstat.co.zw/sites/default/files/img/publications/Census/CensusResults2012/Harare.pdf|title=Census 2012 - Provincial Report: Harare|last=|first=|date=2012|website=Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-08-06}} 12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://zwnews.com/zim-latest-voting-winners-results-zec-elections/|title=Updated: Final Zimbabwe Presidential, Parliamentary Election Results 2018|last=|first=|date=2018-08-02|work=ZWNews|access-date=2018-08-06|language=en-GB}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://erczim.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2013Harare_Presidential_Results_Formatted_13-08-2013.pdf|title=Harare Province : 2013 Harmonised Elections: Presidential Results|last=|first=|date=2015-08-26|website=Election Resource Centre|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://erczim.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2008-ZEC-Pres-02-Harare.pdf|title=2008 Presidential Election Results: Harare Province|last=|first=|date=2014-09-06|website=Election Resource Centre|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://erczim.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2002-Presidential-Results.pdf|title=Presidential Election 2002 Results|last=|first=|date=2014-08-20|website=Election Resource Centre|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 16. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/Zimbabwe/zimbabwe-poll-explained-ballot-papers-galore-and-loads-of-new-politicians-20180729|title=Zimbabwe poll explained: Ballot papers galore, and loads of new politicians|work=News24|access-date=2018-08-06|language=en}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.zbc.co.zw/zec-names-elected-senators/|title=Senators, women’s quota, provincial council members|last=|first=|date=2018-08-02|website=Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-08-06}} 2 : Harare Province|Provinces of Zimbabwe |
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