| 词条 | Harriet Hallowell |
| 释义 |
| bgcolour = #999999 | name = Harriet Hallowell | birth_date = {{Birth date|1873|6|15|mf=yes}} | birth_place = Boston, Massachusetts | death_date = 1943 | death_place = Moret-sur-Loing | field = Painter | training = | movement = Miniature painting | influenced by = | exhibitions = Art Institute of Chicago, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, within Paris }} Harriet Hallowell (1873–1943) was an expatriate American artist who lived in France for fifty years. She was born in Boston to a Quaker family. During World War I she remained in France and volunteered at a hospital. The hospital was near the home she shared with her aunt Sarah Tyson Hallowell, located in the village of Moret-sur-Loing, which borders the Forest of Fontainebleau. Because of her war relief efforts on behalf of the French and Allied soldiers, the French government awarded her the Légion d'honneur in 1930. Early lifeHarriett Hallowell was born in Boston on June 15, 1873.[1] Her father was architect Lewis Morris Hallowell (1844–1909) and her mother was Harriet Hawley Hallowell.[2][3] Harriet had a brother born in 1871, George Hawley Hallowell who was an artist. He died in 1926 and the following year Harriet donated one of his works, St. George and the Dragon, after Carpaccio, to the Fogg Museum of the Harvard Art Museums.[4] Artistic careerUnited StatesHallowell, known for her work as a miniature painter,[5] may have had her work exhibited in Boston in 1893[6] before her departure for France in 1894.[1] FranceHallowell worked as an artist and had a studio in Paris. She often lived with her aunt, Sarah Tyson Hallowell and grandmother, Mary M. Hallowell in Paris and the small town of Moret-sur-Loing, which is located six miles from Fontainebleu.[2][5][7] Her works were exhibited in the mid-1890s in France.[2] The Hallowells may have taken the Moret-sur-Loing house by or about 1900, because the painting she sent to the Art Institute of Chicago in 1901 bears that address.[2] She exhibited Near Fountainbleu at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1901.[8] War relief workHarriet and her Aunt Sarah lived in Moret during World War I and volunteered at the local hospital.{{#tag:ref|Because the war was so close to their home, a small hospital was set up in Moret-sur-Loing, "Hôpital Auxiliaire No. 26" (English: Auxiliary Hospital Number 26), according to the online "Forum Histoire 1914–1918". It was listed in French records as HA n° 26 Moret-sur-Loing - Asile de vieillards - 40 lits - SSBM - Fonctionne du (2 août 1914 au ?) According to U.S. Department of State Records from the Paris Embassy between 1904 and 1924, the hospital opened in August 1914 and was active throughout the war.|group="nb"}} They established a center in their home for crocheting clothing for soldiers and refugees. Injured soldiers and local residents assisted in making the clothing. Their efforts, which continued after the war, were supported by donations from their cousin, T. Morris Perot in Pennsylvania and others.[9] The French government honored her with the Croix d'Honneur for her war work in 1930.[10] Later lifeHarriet Hallowell's aunt Sara died in July 1924 and she inherited her aunt's estate.[11] While not rich in cash, the estate had important works of art, with paintings by artists such as Anders Zorn (1860–1920) and two works of sculpture that were made and gifts by Auguste Rodin (1840–1917), her aunt's friend. She continued to paint and remained active with the Paris chapter of the American Artists Professional League. She exhibited her work with the American Women's Club of Paris and at the annual Salon.[12] Beginning in 1933, Hallowell experienced financial difficulties due to the devaluing of her French stocks and the Depression, which became "desperate" during World War II. As Germans troops the area, she needed to move often to avoid them. She rejected offers from her relatives in the United States to leave France.[13] Hallowell died of congestion in 1943 in her Moret home.[13] Memberships and affiliations
Notes1. ^1 Harriet Hallowell - October 15, 1917. Passport Applications, January 2, 1906–March 31, 1925. NARA Microfilm Publication M1490, 2740 rolls. General Records of the Department of State, Record Group 59. National Archives, Washington, D.C. 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author1=Emma Jones Lapsansky|author2=Anne A. Verplanck|title=Quaker Aesthetics: Reflections on a Quaker Ethic in American Design and Consumption|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xfZGThbyn-AC&pg=PA366|year=2003|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=0-8122-3692-0|page=367}} 3. ^Lewis Morris Hallowell Death Certificate. Died January 14, 1909. Massachusetts Vital Records, 1840–1911. New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, Massachusetts. 4. ^St. George and the Dragon, after Carpaccio, 1899-1900 Drawing. Harvard Art Museums. Retrieved August 17, 2014. 5. ^1 {{cite book|title=Friends' Intelligencer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ppg6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA286|year=1913|publisher=Friends' Intelligencer Association|page=286}} 6. ^Boston Globe, June 11, 1893 7. ^Perot Family Papers - Collection 1886. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. April 2004. pp. 13, 14. Retrieved August 17, 2014. 8. ^{{cite book|author=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts|title=Catalogue of the Annual Exhibition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FcUqAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA44|year=1901|page=44}} 9. ^Perot Family Papers - Collection 1886. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. April 2004. pp. 1, 3, 13, 14. Retrieved August 17, 2014. 10. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KqQhAQAAIAAJ | title=Revue des Études Historiques | publisher=Société des Études Historiques | year=1931 | volume=97}} 11. ^Perot Family Papers - Collection 1886. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. April 2004. p. 15. Retrieved August 17, 2014. 12. ^1 "Work of 39 American Artists in Paris Salon," Fitchburg Sentinel, June 4, 1925 13. ^1 Perot Family Papers - Collection 1886. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. April 2004. pp. 13, 15. Retrieved August 17, 2014. 14. ^{{cite book|author=Daughters of the American Revolution|title=Lineage Book of the Charter Members of the Daughters of the American Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYtAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA290|year=1895|publisher=Harrisburg Publishing Company|page=216}} References{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{New Woman (late 19th century)}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hallowell, Harriet}} 10 : Landscape artists|1873 births|1943 deaths|Artists from Boston|American Quakers|American expatriates in France|American women painters|Painters from Massachusetts|20th-century American painters|20th-century American women artists |
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