| 词条 | Jiuquan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Jiuquan}} |official_name = |native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{lang|zh|酒泉市}}}} |other_name = |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = 中国甘肃酒泉鼓楼 - panoramio.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Jiuquan Bell Tower |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Location of Jiuquan Prefecture within Gansu (China).png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Jiuquan City jurisdiction in Gansu |pushpin_map = China Gansu |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city center in Gansu |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Gansu |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |seat_type = |seat = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 191342 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = [1] |population_note = |population_total = 1095947 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |coor_pinpoint = Jiuquan government |coordinates = {{coord|39.7334|N|98.4943|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-62_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 1483 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 735000 |area_code = 0937 |iso_code = CN-GS-09 |blank_name = Licence plate prefixes |blank_info = {{lang|zh-cn|甘F}} |website = {{URL|www.jiuquan.gov.cn}} |footnotes = }}{{Infobox Chinese |c={{linktext|酒泉}} |l="Alcohol Spring(s)" |p=Jiǔquán |w=Chiu3-chüan2 |mi={{IPAc-cmn|j|iu|3|.|q|van|2}} |y=Jáu-chyùhn }}{{Infobox Chinese |title=Former names |altname=Fulu |s2={{linktext|福禄}} |t2={{linktext|福祿}} |p2=Fúlù |w2=Fu-lu |l2={{nowrap|Fortunate & Lucky}} |altname3=Suzhou |s3={{linktext|肃州}} |t3={{linktext|肅州}} |p3=Sùzhōu |w3=Su-chou |l3={{nowrap|Solemn Prefectural [Capital]}} }} Jiuquan, formerly known as Suzhou,{{sfnp|EB|1887}} is a prefecture-level city in the northwesternmost part of Gansu Province in the People's Republic of China. It is more than {{convert|600|km|abbr=on|sp=us}} wide from east to west, occupying {{convert|191342|km2|abbr=on|sp=us}}, although its built-up area is mostly located in its Suzhou District. Its population was 962,000 in 2002. {{anchor|Etymology|Names}}NameThe city was formerly known as Fulu, which became known as Suzhou (Suchow, Su-chow,{{sfnp|EB|1887}} &c.) after it became the seat of Su Prefecture under the Sui.[2] As the seat of Jiuquan Commandery, it eventually became known by that name in turn. The name Jiuquan —"wine spring(s)" — derives from a legendary story of the young Han general Huo Qubing, who was said to have poured a vat of precious wine into a local creek to share its taste with his troops after a victory over the Xiongnu nomads.[4] HistoryFulu was founded in 111 {{sc|bc}} as an outpost in the Hexi Corridor near the Jade Gate{{sfnp|EB|1887}} along the overland Silk Road. Jiuquan was a Han prefecture and, under the Eastern Han, an active military garrison.[3] Su Prefecture was established under the Sui and renamed Jiuquan Commandery under the Tang.[2] In 624, Jiuquan County was established. In 763, it was occupied by Tibetan Empire. After the fall of the Tibetan Empire, it was controlled by the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom. In 1028, it was seized by Xixia. During the Yuan Dynasty, Suzhou Lu was established under Gansu Province. It sometimes served as the capital of the province of Gansu.{{sfnp|EB|1887}} Along with its role protecting trade along the Silk Road, Suzhou was the great center of the rhubarb trade.{{sfnp|EB|1887}} Under the Ming, Suzhou was the site where the Portuguese Jesuit missionary Bento de Góis was robbed and died in 1607[4] during the exploration that finally established that Cathay and China were a single country. Meng Qiaofang took it from Ding Guodong in 1649. The Hui under Ma Wenlu held it during the Dungan Revolt. It was completely destroyed by the time it was recovered{{sfnp|EB|1878}} by the Qing general Zuo Zongtang in 1873 but it was swiftly rebuilt.{{sfnp|EB|1887}} Administrative divisionsJiuquan is made up of one district, two counties, two autonomous counties and two cities.[5][6][7]
GeographyJiuquan occupies the westernmost part of Gansu, bordering Zhangye City to the east, Qinghai to the south, Xinjiang to the west, Ejin Banner of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia to the north. Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 37° 58' to 42° 48' N and in longitude from 92° 09' to 100° 20' E, and reaches a maximal north-south extent of {{convert|550|km|abbr=on|sp=us}} and maximal east-west width of {{convert|680|km|abbr=on|sp=us}}. Suzhou District is approximately {{convert|1500|m|sp=us}} above sea level. Jiuquan has a cold desert climate (Köppen BWk), with long, cold winters, and hot, somewhat dry summers. Monthly average temperatures range from {{convert|−9.0|°C|1|sp=us}} in January to {{convert|21.7|°C|1|sp=us}} in July, with an annual mean of {{convert|7.47|°C|1|sp=us}}. The diurnal temperature variation is relatively large, averaging {{convert|13.8|C-change|sp=us}} annually. With sunny weather and low humidity dominating year-round, the area hosts one of the launch sites for the PRC's space programme. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 62% in July to 77% in October, the city receives 3,031 hours of bright sunshine annually. {{Infobox weather|single line = Y |metric first = Y |collapsed = Y |location = Jiuquan (1971−2000) |Jan high C = −1.6 |Feb high C = 2.3 |Mar high C = 9.1 |Apr high C = 17.4 |May high C = 23.2 |Jun high C = 26.8 |Jul high C = 28.6 |Aug high C = 27.8 |Sep high C = 22.7 |Oct high C = 15.3 |Nov high C = 6.5 |Dec high C = −0.1 |year high C= |Jan low C = −14.9 |Feb low C = −11.3 |Mar low C = −4.4 |Apr low C = 2.8 |May low C = 8.4 |Jun low C = 12.7 |Jul low C = 14.7 |Aug low C = 13.4 |Sep low C = 8.2 |Oct low C = 1.2 |Nov low C = −6.1 |Dec low C = −12.6 |year low C= |precipitation colour = |Jan precipitation mm= 1.2 |Feb precipitation mm= 1.4 |Mar precipitation mm= 4.8 |Apr precipitation mm= 3.7 |May precipitation mm= 7.9 |Jun precipitation mm= 14.8 |Jul precipitation mm= 20.5 |Aug precipitation mm= 19.7 |Sep precipitation mm= 8.8 |Oct precipitation mm= 2.3 |Nov precipitation mm= 1.6 |Dec precipitation mm= 1.1 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days= 2.0 |Feb precipitation days= 2.0 |Mar precipitation days= 2.6 |Apr precipitation days= 2.1 |May precipitation days= 3.0 |Jun precipitation days= 5.8 |Jul precipitation days= 7.9 |Aug precipitation days= 6.5 |Sep precipitation days= 3.2 |Oct precipitation days= 1.3 |Nov precipitation days= 1.5 |Dec precipitation days= 1.9 |Jan humidity= 53 |Feb humidity= 45 |Mar humidity= 40 |Apr humidity= 35 |May humidity= 37 |Jun humidity= 47 |Jul humidity= 53 |Aug humidity= 52 |Sep humidity= 51 |Oct humidity= 47 |Nov humidity= 49 |Dec humidity= 56 |Jan sun= 219.0 |Jan percentsun = 74 |Feb sun= 211.5 |Feb percentsun = 71 |Mar sun= 240.6 |Mar percentsun = 65 |Apr sun= 259.0 |Apr percentsun = 66 |May sun= 293.3 |May percentsun = 66 |Jun sun= 283.0 |Jun percentsun = 63 |Jul sun= 279.1 |Jul percentsun = 62 |Aug sun= 276.9 |Aug percentsun = 65 |Sep sun= 267.5 |Sep percentsun = 72 |Oct sun= 265.1 |Oct percentsun = 77 |Nov sun= 227.1 |Nov percentsun = 76 |Dec sun= 208.6 |Dec percentsun = 72 |year percentsun= 68 |source =China Meteorological Administration[8] }} TransportJiuquan is served by China National Highway 312 and the Lanzhou-Xinjiang (Lanxin) Railway. The Lanxin Railway has several side branches within Jiuquan Prefecture. In particular, a railway branch runs from the Liugou Station in Guazhou County to Dunhuang, serving both Guazhou county seat and Dunhuang. There are plans to expand it further south into Qinghai; the extension, known as the Golmud–Dunhuang Railway, will connect Dunhuang to Golmud, Qinghai on the Qinghai–Tibet railway.[9] There is also the Jiayuguan–Ceke branch, which runs through the desert areas of Jiuquan Prefecture's Jinta County. Jiuquan is also served by Jiuquan Airport. There is also Dunhuang Airport in Dunhuang. Space launch center{{main|Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center}}Jiuquan is the closest major city to the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Still, the space launch center is more than {{convert|100|km|abbr=on|sp=us}} away from the city, and is actually located not in Gansu province, but in the neighboring Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was built in 1958; the first Chinese human spaceflight, Shenzhou 5 was launched there on 15 October 2003, making Yang Liwei China's first astronaut and a national hero.[10] The second was in 2005. CultureJiuquan is known within China as the first site of rhubarb cultivation.[4] See also{{Portal|China}}
Notes1. ^ 2. ^1 [https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=UD8Nvn7Ca18C&pg=PA485 485]. 3. ^1 Hill (2009), pp. 124, 126. 4. ^1 Winchester (2008), p. 264. 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/gs/30307.html |script-title=zh:酒泉市历史沿革 |trans-title=Jiuquan City Historical Development |publisher=XZQH.org | language = zh-hans|date=27 June 2016 |accessdate=26 May 2018 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|2010年第六次人口普查，酒泉市常住总人口1095947人，其中，肃州区428346人，金塔县147460人，瓜州县148798人，肃北蒙古族自治县14979人，阿克塞哈萨克族自治县10545人，玉门市159792人，敦煌市186027人。}}}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2016/62/6209.html |script-title=zh:2016年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：酒泉市 |trans-title=2016 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Jiuquan City | language = zh-hans|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China |date=2016 |accessdate=26 May 2018 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|统计用区划代码 名称 620901000000 市辖区 620902000000 肃州区 620921000000 金塔县 620922000000 瓜州县 620923000000 肃北蒙古族自治县 620924000000 阿克塞哈萨克族自治县 620981000000 玉门市 620982000000 敦煌市"}}}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jiuquan.gov.cn/zoujinjiuquan/20161201/003014648f1598.htm|script-title=zh:酒泉概况|trans-title=Jiuquan Overview|publisher=Jiuquan People's Government | language = zh-hans |quote={{lang|zh-hans|全市辖“一区两市四县”（肃州区，玉门市、敦煌市，金塔县、瓜州县、肃北县和阿克塞县）}}|date=28 March 2017|accessdate=26 May 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） |accessdate=2010-05-04 |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language=Chinese |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archivedate=2013-09-21 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-10/2012102013240934.htm |script-title=zh:格尔木至敦煌铁路开工 |website=huochepiao.com |language=zh-hans |date=2012-10-20}}{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209023055/http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-10/2012102013240934.htm |date=2012-12-09 }} 10. ^Winchester (2008), 264. References
External links{{Commons category|Jiuquan}}
7 : Prefecture-level divisions of Gansu|111 BC|110s BC establishments|Populated places established in the 2nd century BC|Cities in Gansu|Populated places along the Silk Road|Jiuquan |
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