| 词条 | Harry Kinnard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|honorific_prefix=Lieutenant General |name=Harry Kinnard |image=Harry Kinnard.jpg |caption= |birth_date={{Birth date|1915|5|7}} |death_date={{Death date and age|2009|1|5|1915|5|7}} |placeofburial_label=Place of burial |placeofburial=Arlington National Cemetery |birth_place=Dallas, Texas |death_place=Arlington County, Virginia |placeofburial_coordinates= |nickname = |allegiance = {{flag|United States}} |branch = {{army|USA}} |serviceyears=1939-1969 |rank= Lieutenant general |unit= |commands= 1st Cavalry Division |battles=World War II
|awards=Distinguished Service Cross Distinguished Service Medal (2) Legion of Merit (2) Silver Star Bronze Star |relations= |laterwork= }} Harry William Osborne Kinnard II (May 7, 1915 – January 5, 2009) was an American general officer who, during the Vietnam War, pioneered the airmobile concept of sending troops into battle using helicopters. Kinnard retired from the military as a Lieutenant General. Kinnard grew up in Dallas, Texas. After graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1939, he entered military service.[1] Military serviceOn December 7, 1941, Kinnard was stationed at Pearl Harbor, and manned a machine gun to defend the base on the morning of the Japanese attack.[2] He parachuted into France in the early hours of the Normandy Landings in June 1944, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his heroism during Operation Market Garden, as part of the Allied airborne attack against German forces in the Netherlands in September 1944.[1] Nuts!In December 1944, during the Battle of the Bulge, German forces surrounded the town of Bastogne, a town in Belgium then held by the U.S. 101st Airborne Division and located at a crossroads that could have allowed the Germans to break through the American lines and reach their goal of retaking the port city of Antwerp. With the American forces surrounded, short on supplies and suffering the effects of the bitter cold weather, two German officers approached the American lines with a demand that the U.S. forces surrender or face destruction.[1] Brigadier General Anthony McAuliffe was serving as acting division commander and was handed the German demand. Kinnard, then a lieutenant colonel serving as the division's operations officer, recounted later that McAuliffe had laughed and said "Us surrender? Aw, nuts." After considering the German demand, McAuliffe said he didn't know what to say in response, to which Kinnard replied, "That first remark of yours would be hard to beat."[1]As recounted by The New York Times in his 2009 obituary, "McAuliffe said, 'What do you mean?' I answered, 'Sir, you said, 'Nuts.' All members of the staff enthusiastically agreed. McAuliffe then wrote down: 'To the German Commander, Nuts! The American Commander.'"[1] McAuliffe's response was passed on to the two German officers who didn't understand its meaning. Colonel Joseph Harper, commanding the 327th Glider Infantry Regiment, who had delivered the message, explained to the Germans, "If you don’t know what 'nuts' means, in plain English it is the same as 'go to hell.'"[1] McAuliffe asked Kinnard to compose a message that he delivered to the troops in Bastogne on Christmas Day, 1944.[3] The message has been variously recorded as: What's merry about all this, you ask? Just this: We have stopped cold everything that has been thrown at us from the North, East, South and West. We have identifications from four German Panzer divisions and one German parachute division. The Germans surround us, their radios blare our doom. Their commander demanded our surrender, and received the following reply... 'NUTS!' We are giving our country and our loved ones at home a worthy Christmas present, and, being privileged to take part in this gallant feat of arms, are truly making for ourselves a Merry Christmas.[4][5] With improving weather allowing air support to assist the troops, the American forces were able to hold Bastogne, with "nuts" coming to symbolize the American determination to overcome against the odds.[1] After the war, William Wellman's film "Battleground", based on the experiences of the 101st, was filmed and released in 1950 with a script written by a veteran of the battle, Robert Pirosh, with Lieutenant Colonel H.W.O. Kinnard listed as Technical Advisor.[6] Twenty years after the Battle of the Bulge, Kinnard drew criticism from members of the 101st Airborne Division for his comments in a newspaper interview where he said "We never felt we would be overrun. We were beating back everything they threw at us. We had the houses, and we were warm. They were outside the town, in the snow and cold". Many members of Easy Company of the 506th Parachute Infantry sent military historian Stephen Ambrose, the author of Band of Brothers, the article containing the comments with their own opinion, the mildest comment by an E Company member being "What battle was he in?".[7] AirmobileBuilding on his paratroop service, Kinnard helped develop the airmobile concept, by which troops would be flown into battle by helicopter. He was able to develop this approach while commanding the 11th Air Assault Division (Test) at Fort Benning in 1963. This unit evolved into the First Cavalry Division (Airmobile).[1] Kinnard commanded an operation in October 1965, in which 5,000 troops took control of the Suai Ca Valley, which placed the crop-rich valley under South Vietnamese control. Associated Press reporter Bob Poos who rode with 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry Regiment of the 1st Air Cavalry Division, for two days of this operation described the innovative use of the "Sky Cavalry", combining light infantry on armed helicopters, as constituting "the first cavalry charge of modern warfare".[8] General Kinnard was in command in November 1965 during the unit's first major operation in the Pleiku Campaign. During this action, the division conducted 35 days of continuous airmobile operations. The opening battle, the Battle of Ia Drang, which resulted in heavy North Vietnamese casualties at the cost of 300 American deaths, was described in the book We Were Soldiers Once… And Young, which was also the basis of the subsequent Mel Gibson film We Were Soldiers.[1] The unit also earned the first Presidential Unit Citation (US) presented to a division during the Vietnam War. Kinnard retired in 1969 from the armed forces.[1] Honours and awards
On November 14, 1946 by Royal Decree, Kinnard was knighted by Queen Wilhelmina, with the rank of Knight 4th class of the Military William Order. The Order is the highest and oldest honour of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is bestowed for "performing excellent acts of Bravery, Leadership and Loyalty in battle".[9] It is an extremely prestigious award, comparable to British Victoria Cross, the French Légion d’honneur or the American Medal of Honour ,but far less frequently rewarded. Kinnard in MuseumsWorld War II memorabilia from Kinnard can be seen in Belgium where he fought during the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944, at December 44 Museum, La Gleize. Kinnard Mission Training Center, a digital systems training complex at Fort Campbell, Kentucky is named for him. His awards, decorations and several historical items of interest relating to him are on display in its lobby. PersonalKinnard died at age 93 on January 5, 2009, in Arlington, Virginia. He was survived by his wife, Libby; two sons, three daughters, a stepson, 2 stepdaughters, 16 grandchildren and 15 great-grandchildren.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Goldstein, Richard. [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/us/11kinnard.html "Harry W. O. Kinnard, Who Said One Word Would Do, Dies at 93"], The New York Times, January 10, 2009. Accessed January 20. 2009. 2. ^Downey, Kristin. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/18/AR2007081801013.html "Multi-War Veteran Under Siege As Sewage Plant Din Roars On"], The Washington Post, August 19, 2007. Accessed January 11, 2009. 3. ^"Audie Murphy Award 2005 Recipient: Lt. General Harry W.O. Kinnard"{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, American Veterans Center. Accessed January 11, 2009. 4. ^Skelly, Joseph Morrison. "Bastogne!: Saving Western Civilization on Christmas." {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808003209/http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=NmEzOGU4ZTc5YmZmYWQ0YTZjMjMxMTE5NDlmOTNjMGM= |date=2007-08-08 }}, National Review, December 21, 2006. 5. ^Associated Press. [https://www.nytimes.com/1944/12/29/archives/article-7-no-title.html "Article 7 -- No Title"], The New York Times, December 29, 1944. Accessed January 11, 2009. 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/hwokinnard2.htm|website=Arlington National Cemetery|accessdate=2015-02-09}} 7. ^Stephen E Ambrose, Band Of Brothers Pg.189 8. ^[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/27963250/ "The Evening Standard from Uniontown, Pennsylvania, Page 3"], Friday, October 15, 1965. Accessed September 13, 2015. 9. ^Military order of William - Official website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716063059/http://www.lintjes.nl/_en/militaire_willemsorde/index.html |date=2011-07-16 }} External links
15 : 1915 births|2009 deaths|American army personnel of World War II|Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Knights Fourth Class of the Military Order of William|People from Dallas|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|United States Army generals|United States Military Academy alumni|Recipients of the Silver Star|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)|Recipients of the Legion of Merit|Operation Overlord people|Military personnel from Texas|American army personnel of the Vietnam War |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。