| 词条 | Hartland Point Lighthouse |
| 释义 |
| name = Hartland Point Lighthouse | image_name = Hartland Point Lighthouse rcoh net.jpg | caption = Hartland Point lighthouse. Lundy Island can be seen on the horizon | location = Hartland Point Devon England United Kingdom | pushpin_map =Devon | pushpin = lighthouse | pushpin_map_caption =Devon | coordinates = {{coord|51|01|19.4|N|04|31|32.6|W|display=inline,title}} | yearbuilt = 1874 (first) | yearlit = 2012 (current) | automated = 1984 | yeardeactivated = 2012 (first) | foundation = | construction = brick tower | shape = cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern attached to a 2-storey keeper's house | marking = white tower and lantern | height = {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}} (first) {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} (current) | focalheight = {{convert|37|m|ft|abbr=on}} (first) {{convert|20.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} (current) | currentlens = | lens = Bi-form 3rd order 500mm 6 panel rotating | intensity = 635 candela | range = {{convert|25|nmi|km|abbr=on}} (first) {{convert|8|nmi|km|abbr=on}} (current) | characteristic = Fl (6) W15s. | fogsignal = blast every 60s. | racon = | admiralty = A5622 | canada = | NGA = 6252 | ARLHS = ENG 051 | USCG = | managingagent = Trinity House[1][2] }} Hartland Point Lighthouse is a Grade II listed building[3] at Hartland Point, Devon, England. The point marks the western limit (on the English side) of the Bristol Channel with the Atlantic Ocean continuing to the west. Trinity House, the lighthouse authority for England and Wales, have a lighthouse on the tip of the peninsula. HistoryDesigned by Sir James Douglass construction began in Nov 1873 by contractor Mr Yerward[4] of Wales under the supervision of resident engineer Henry Norris,[5][6] Douglass and Norris having completed Souter Lighthouse in 1871. The tower is {{convert|18|m|ft}} tall with the lamp being {{convert|37|m|ft}} above mean sea level. It was blessed by Frederick Temple, Bishop of Exeter, who later became Archbishop of Canterbury, and the light was lit for the first time by Lady Stucley of Hartland Abbey during the opening ceremony on 1 July 1874.[3][6] The optic, a first-order rotating catadioptric array, had been installed earlier that year.[7] It flashed alternately red and white,[8] having 'ruby' glass panels mounted over three of its six lens panels. The light could be seen up to {{Convert|25|mi|km}} away from the coast. {{stack|}}The lighthouse was provided with an two-tone fog siren in the 19th century, powered by caloric engines. In 1911 this was replaced with a reed horn and oil engines replaced the caloric ones.[9] The fog signal was sounded from a small building a little to the north-west of the lighthouse. The lighthouse was built with accommodation for four keepers and their families;[10] it was protected by a {{convert|30|m|ft}} long sea wall which was built in 1925 to prevent erosion of the rocks on which it stands.[11] The large concrete structures immediately to the south of the lighthouse were to provide the keepers with fresh water. The light was electrified in 1927, [11] when the optic was replaced by a biform (i.e. two-tier) third-order sextuple-flashing rotating catadioptric optic.[12][13] At the same time a new diaphone fog signal was installed (it was later replaced with an LIE300 electric horn). The tower was automated in 1984 and controlled from Trinity House Operations Centre at Harwich in Essex.[14] The keepers' dwellings have since been demolished to make room for a Helipad to be constructed. This was necessary due to the precarious nature of the access road which is liable to frequent rock falls and landslips. Vehicular access is now very difficult and the gates tend to remain locked. The fog signal was discontinued in 2010.[15] Having carried out a thorough assessment of the requirements for Aids to Navigation off Hartland Point, Trinity House determined that the light at this location could be reduced to a nominal range of 8 nautical miles. This light can be more economically provided by a modern LED beacon in front of the original lighthouse, with no detriment to the safety of the Mariner.[16] Consequently, the old light was decommissioned in 2012. The Lighthouse was marketed and sold by Trinity House at a £500,000 guide price, consisting of "the former lighthouse, three bedroom living accommodation over two storeys, various stores, a helipad and access via a surfaced road that leads up the cliff to the gated entrance. The site in total amounts to about 16 acres of cliff and coastline, and has the best sea views in the area."[17] See also{{stack|{{Portal|Devon|Lighthouses}}}}
References1. ^[https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/engsw.htm Hartland Point] The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 1 May 2016 2. ^[https://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/lighthouses-and-lightvessels/hartland-point-lighthouse Hartland Point Lighthous] Trinity House. Retrieved 1 May 2016 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Hartland Point Lighthouse|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=91201|work=Images of England|publisher=English Heritage}} 4. ^{{citation | title = Hartland | newspaper = Exeter Flying Post | date = 2 Aug 1871 | pages = 7 | quote = It is now announced...that Mr. Levy Yerward, late Government contractor at Pembroke Dock, has been selected by the Trinity Board to erect a lighthouse, dwelling houses, and other buildings at Hartland Point.}} 5. ^{{citation | title = Hartland | newspaper = Exeter and Plymouth Gazette | date = 18 April 1874 | pages = 7 | quote = Hartland Point Lighthouse - Since the latter part of November, when the foundation stone of this work was laid, and the rough weather soon after set in, the building has been suspended and only a few hands partially employed on the works. We are happy to note the return to business this week of Mr. Ferward, the contractor, and Mr. Norris, the engineer of the works.}} 6. ^1 {{citation | title = Hartland - Opening of the Lighthouse | newspaper = Exeter and Plymouth Gazette | date = 3 July 1874 | pages = 7 }} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Photo |url=http://www.tobychance.com/downloads/Review%20Trinity%20House%20Lantern.pdf |website=Trinity House |accessdate=13 March 2019}} 8. ^{{cite book |last1=Davenport Adams |first1=W. H. |title=The Story of our Lighthouses and Lightships: Descriptive and Historical |date=1891 |publisher=Thomas Nelson & Sons |location=London, Edinburgh & New York |page=253|url=https://pharology.eu/resources/books/23)%20The%20Story%20of%20Our%20Lighthouses%20and%20Lightships%20-%20descriptive%20and%20historical%20(1891).pdf |accessdate=27 February 2019}} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Renton |first1=Alan |title=Lost Sounds: The Story of Coast Fog Signals |date=2001 |page=96 |publisher=Whittles |location=Caithness, Scotland}} 10. ^{{cite web |title=Photo |url=https://trinityhousehistory.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/hartland-point-lighthouse.jpg |website=Trinity House |accessdate=21 March 2019}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|title=Hartland Point Lighthouse |url=http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/interactive/gallery/hartland_point.html |publisher=Trinity House |accessdate=31 July 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809101738/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/interactive/gallery/hartland_point.html |archivedate=9 August 2009 |df= }} 12. ^{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=F. W. |title=Twenty Years in Lighthouses |date=1979 |publisher=United States Lighthouse Society |pages=10-14 |url=https://uslhs.org/sites/default/files/attached-files/Twenty%20Years%20in%20Lighthouses.pdf |accessdate=13 March 2019}} 13. ^{{cite journal |title=Photo |journal=Shipping Wonders of the World |date=27 February 1936 |issue=3 |url=https://www.shippingwondersoftheworld.com/lighthouses.html |accessdate=21 March 2019}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Hartland Point Lighthouse|url=http://www.photographers-resource.co.uk/A_heritage/Lighthouses/LG2_EW/Hartland_Point_Lighthouse.htm|publisher=Photographers Resource|accessdate=31 July 2010}} 15. ^{{cite web |title=Hartland Point Lighthouse |url=http://www.worldwidelighthouses.com/Lighthouses/English-Lighthouses/Privately-Owned/Hartland-Point |website=Worldwide Lighthouses |accessdate=21 March 2019}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Hartland Point Lighthouse |url=http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/mariner_info/notice_to_mariners/f/01112011.html |publisher=Trinity House website |accessdate=1 November 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222045136/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/mariner_info/notice_to_mariners/f/01112011.html |archivedate=22 February 2014 |df= }} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Hartland Point Lighthouse, North Devon - Archive - Trinity House |url=http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/commercial/redundant_items/archive/hartland_point_lighthouse_north_devon.html |publisher=Trinity House website |accessdate=26 July 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611032811/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/commercial/redundant_items/archive/hartland_point_lighthouse_north_devon.html |archivedate=11 June 2012 |df= }} External links{{commonscat}}
{{Lighthouses of Trinity House}}{{Lighthouses in England}} 7 : Lighthouses completed in 1874|Towers completed in 1874|Hartland, Devon|Lighthouses in Devon|Bristol Channel|Grade II listed buildings in Devon|Grade II listed lighthouses |
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