“Hawaiian Islands Land Trust”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In January 2011, HILT was formed from the merger of the Kauai Public Land Trust, the Oahu Land Trust, the Maui Coastal Land Trust, and the Hawaii Island Land Trust.^[2]

The first executive director was Dale Bonar, followed by Ted Clement and then Kawika Burgess.^[3]

Services

In addition to its core function of conserving important lands for future generations, HILT provides educational services, research and opportunities for recreation.

Talk Story on the Land

Recreation

HILT properties are generally open to the public for activities such as fishing, camping and hiking.

Research

HILT staff conducts research on Hawaii's unique anchialine ponds and on the culture that surrounds them.

Properties

HILT protects multiple properties on O'ahu, Kauai, Maui and Hawaii Island, totalling more than 17,000 acres. Protected lands include coastal areas, farms, ranchlands, cultural sites and more.

Waihe{{okina}}e coastal dunes and wetlands refuge

The Waihe{{okina}}e coastal dunes and wetlands refuge protects over 277 acres of land on Maui. the refuge includes {{convert|24|acre|hectare}} of coastal, spring-fed wetland, {{convert|103|acre|hectare}} of sand dune ecosystem, over {{convert|7,000|ft|m}} of shoreline and more than {{convert|8|acre|hectare}} of riparian habitat, totaling {{convert|277|acre|hectare}}. It is located on the windward side of Maui, Hawaii.^[4]

The Maui Coastal Land Trust took ownership of this site in 2004 with support from Maui County. The property passed to HILT with the merger.^[4]

Active restoration programs have replaced invasive vegetation with native species, enhanced wildlife habitat and preserved archaeological and cultural resources. Restoration employs primarily volunteer labor, managed by professional staff.^[4]

The refuge is an important historical site, once hosting kingly residences, battles and Hawaiian legends. The refuge once hosted two fishing Hawaiian villages, an extensive inland Hawaiian fish ponds and several heiau (Hawaiian temple).^[4]

The refuge incorporates the last of Maui's large sand dunes that once stretched from Waihe'e to Makena, which once led to the island's nickname of "Sahara in the Pacific". The dunes are some {{convert|200|ft}} high.^[4]

Acquisition

The purchase was funded by Maui County (which provided $2,000,000), the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) (which contributed a further $2 million) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (which provided $800,000). Management funding came from FWS, the National Resource Conservation Service Wetlands Reserve Program, NOAA, other grants and private funding from foundations, individuals and groups.^[4]

Climate change

Expected rising sea levels could inundate the sand dunes with seawater or transform them into sandy beaches. A {{convert|10|ft|m}} rise is expected to submerge 50-60% of the refuge. Adaptations that would preserve environmental and cultural values have yet to be developed/discovered. It is possible that the return to pre-development ecological status will provide sufficient resilience to provide protection.^[4]

Agriculture

Restoration plans include restoration of the fishpond and production of historically farmed crops such as taro. Nine taro patches are undergoing restoration, occupying about {{convert|0.5|acre|hectare}}.^[4]

Conservation

Six endangered taxa, two endangered plants, and two endangered insects were found on the site. Eight endangered species have repopulated the refuge, including ae{{okina}}o (stilt), alae ke{{okina}}oke{{okina}}o (coot), koloa (duck) and nene (goose).^[4]

When the property was first protected, 95% of the plants were invasive species. As of 2014, 70% of the flora in the wetland are native species.{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}}

Culture

Many of the important cultural and archaeological sites are located in sand dunes at or near the water. The dunes contains multiple burial sites. The dunes were fenced off to reduce foot traffic and exclude invasive predators. Thereafter endangered bird species began to nest on the dunes, acting as a natural vector and fertilizer for native plants.{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}}

Nu'u

HILT purchased the 82-acre Nu'u Preserve in 2011. The preserve provides habitat for endangered bird species and is home to numerous pre-contact archaeological sites, including petroglyphs and traditional house sites.^[1]

Nisei Veterans Peace Park

In 2015 the Nisei Veterans Memorial Center donated a 4.5 acre parcel in Kahului to HILT, Maui and turned it into a memorial park to commemorate the service of the Nisei Veterans in World War II.^[5]

Maunawila Heiau

In 2015, HILT took ownership of Maunawila Heiau located on 9 acres in Hau'ula, Hawaii and began to restore it ^[6]

Kahili Beach Park

Champions of the land

Each year HILT honors a major contributor to the environment as a Champion of the Land.

References

1. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=http://www.mauinews.com/news/local-news/2018/12/keans-are-honored-as-champions-of-the-land/|title=Keans are honored as Champions of the Land {{!}} News, Sports, Jobs - Maui News|last=|first=|date=December 11, 2018|website=|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-25}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hilt.org/about-us/history/ |title=History |publisher=Hawaiian Islands Land Trust |accessdate=June 5, 2015}}
3. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2018/06/04/hawaiian-islands-land-trust-to-honor-hawaii.html|title=Hawaiian Islands Land Trust to honor Hawaii Regional Cuisine co-founder Peter Merriman|last=Murar|first=Katie|date=June 4, 2018|website=www.bizjournals.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-25}}
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹{{cite web|url=http://www.landtrustalliance.org/climate-change-toolkit/inspire/case-studies/hawaiian-islands-land-trust-waihe2019e-coastal-dunes-and-wetlands-refuge |title=The Waihe’e Coastal Dunes and Wetlands Refuge — Land Trust Alliance |publisher=Landtrustalliance.org |date=2013-08-26 |accessdate=2014-08-21}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.staradvertiser.com/2015/07/11/breaking-news/nisei-veterans-donate-land-for-a-peace-park-on-maui/|title=Nisei veterans donate land for a peace park on Maui|last=July 11|first=Associated Press Posted|last2=July 11|first2=2015|date=2015-07-11|website=Honolulu Star-Advertiser|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-25|last3=July 11|first3=2015 Updated|last4=2015 8:20am}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.hawaiipublicradio.org/post/community-continues-preserve-hau-ulas-last-remaining-heiau|title=Community Continues to Preserve Hau‘ula's Last Remaining Heiau|last=Solomon|first=Molly|website=www.hawaiipublicradio.org|language=en|access-date=2019-02-25}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegardenisland.com/2013/09/14/hawaii-news/land-trust-acquires-kahili-beach/|title=Land Trust acquires Kahili beach|last=Isl|first=The Garden|last2=Saturday|first2={{!}}|date=2013-09-14|website=The Garden Island|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-28|last3=September 14|last4=2013|last5=A.m|first5=1}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mauinews.com/news/local-news/2017/01/schatz-lauded-as-champion-of-the-land/|title=Schatz lauded as ‘Champion of the Land’ {{!}} News, Sports, Jobs - Maui News|last=|first=|date=January 20, 2017|website=|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-25}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2017/12/27/hawaii-nonprofit-to-honor-henk-rogers-blue-planet.html|title=Hawaii Nonprofit To Honor Henk Rogers|last=|first=|date=|website=www.bizjournals.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-25}}

History