| 词条 | Hawise of Normandy |
| 释义 |
| name = Hawise | image = Hvaiza.jpg | caption = | succession = | reign = | spouse = Geoffrey I | issue = Alan III of Brittany Odo, Count of Penthièvre | house = House of Normandy | father = Richard the Fearless | mother = Gunnora | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = 21 February 1034 | death_place = | burial_place= | religion =Roman Catholicism | signature = }}Hawise of Normandy (died 21 February 1034) was Countess of Rennes, Duchess of Brittany and Regent to her son Alan III, Duke of Brittany from 1008 until 1026.[1] LifeHawise was the daughter of Richard I of Normandy and Gunnora, and was sister of Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy as well as Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux.[2] Duchess of BrittanyHawise and her two sisters all formed important dynastic alliances.[3] Emma of Normandy was twice Queen consort of England marrying firstly Æthelred the Unready and secondly Cnut the Great.[3] Maud of Normandy married Odo II, Count of Blois.[3] And Hawise was a part of an important dynastic double marriage for in 996, she married Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany, while her brother Richard II, Duke of Normandy shortly afterwards married Geoffrey's sister Judith of Brittany.[4] This double alliance between Normandy and Brittany, probably designed to safeguard both families, certainly functioned as such regarding Brittany.[4] RegencyIn 1008 when Geoffrey died leaving two young sons, Alan III and Eudo, Richard stepped in to protect them and played a major role in governing Brittany during their minority.[4] Hawise acted as regent of Brittany during the minority of her son Alan III.[5] In 1010 her regency and the reign of her young son Alan III was seriously challenged by the peasant revolts that had spread from Normandy into Brittany. Alan, encouraged by his mother, led the nobles to quash the rebellion.[6] Hawise died on 21 February 1034.[7] IssueShe had four children:
Notes1. ^Her husband, Geoffrey, Count of Rennes, assumed the title Duke of Brittany in 992 but it was never recognized by the French king at the time and was not formerly legitimized until 1213. See: The New international Encyclopædia, Volume 3 (1918), p. 789. 2. ^Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 79 3. ^1 2 David Crouch, The Normans; The History of a Dynasty(London: Hambledon Continuum, 2007), p. 27 4. ^1 2 David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror (Berkeley; Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1964), p. 29 5. ^Francis Palgrave, The History of Normandy and of England, Vol. III (London: Macmillan & Co., 1864), p.168 6. ^Francis Palgrave, The History of Normandy and of England, Vol. III ( London: Macmillan & Co., 1864), pp.168-9 7. ^George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times, Vol. X, eds. H. A. Doubleday; Geoffrey H. White; Howard de Walden (London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1945), p. 779 8. ^1 2 Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany, J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 75 9. ^George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times, Vol. X, eds. H. A. Doubleday; Geoffrey H. White; Howard de Walden (London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1945), p. 780 References{{Reflist}}{{S-start}}{{S-bef|before=Ermengarde of Anjou}}{{S-ttl|title=Duchess of Brittany|years=996–1008}}{{S-aft|after=Bertha of Blois}}{{End}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hawise Of Normandy}} 11 : 970s births|1034 deaths|House of Normandy|11th-century women rulers|Regents of Brittany|Duchesses of Brittany|10th-century women rulers|10th-century French people|10th-century French women|11th-century French people|11th-century French women |
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