| 词条 | Hayden Valley |
| 释义 |
| name = Hayden Valley | iucn_category = | iucn_ref = | photo = HaydenValley1977JSchmidt.jpg | photo_caption = Hayden Valley, 1977 | map = | map_image = | map_size = | map_caption = | relief = | location = Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming | nearest_city = | nearest_town = | coordinates = | coords_ref = | length = | length_mi = | length_km = | width = | width_mi = | width_km = | area_ref = | elevation = | elevation_avg = | elevation_min = | elevation_max = | dimensions = | designation = | authorized = | created = | designated = | established = | named_for = Named for Ferdinand V. Hayden | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = | administrator = | operator = | owner = | website = | embedded = }} Hayden Valley is a large, sub-alpine valley in Yellowstone National Park straddling the Yellowstone River between Yellowstone Falls and Yellowstone Lake. The valley floor along the river is an ancient lake bed from a time when Yellowstone Lake was much larger. The valley is well known as one of the best locations to view wildlife in Yellowstone. HistoryThe valley was the natural route to Yellowstone Lake as trappers, explorers and natives made their way up the Yellowstone River. On August 29, 1870 when Henry D. Washburn and Gustavus Cheyney Doane ascended Mount Washburn during the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition, they saw the great expanse of the Hayden Valley between Yellowstone Falls and the lake. In Doane's journal he described the valley as seen from Mount Washburn thus:
Although it is clear that the valley is named in honor of Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden[2] and his geological surveys of the Yellowstone region (his 1871 survey led to the creation of the park), there is little definitive evidence as to who actually named the valley. Some credit the Earl of Dunraven, during his visit in 1872, but the name first appeared on maps in 1880 in an annual report from superintendent Philetus Norris.[3] In 2018, Native American leaders have called for it to be renamed Buffalo Nation's Valley, because Hayden "advocated for the extermination of tribal people who refused to comply with federal dictates".[4] LocationThe Hayden valley is approximately {{convert|7|mi|km}} long north to south and {{convert|7|mi|km}} wide east to west and occupies about {{convert|50|sqmi|km2}} of the park. It lies mostly the west of the Yellowstone River between Canyon and Yellowstone Lake. The Canyon to Lake section of the Grand Loop Road follows the eastern side of the valley near the river. Geothermal featuresThe geothermal features that are scattered around the valley are not as impressive as those of the large geyser basins, but in many case they were the first to be discovered and described by the early explorers. They include Mud Volcano, Mud Geyser, Sulphur Caldron, and Black Dragon Caldron at the southern end of the valley and Sulphur Spring in the Crater Hills group further north and west of the river. Sensitive habitatThe Hayden Valley is outstanding wildlife habitat and is frequented by buffalo, elk, grizzly bears, coyote and a host of smaller mammals and birds. To protect this habitat and prevent disturbing wildlife, the valley is closed to off-trail foot travel. Two trails make the valley accessible for hikers—the Hayden Valley trail and the Mary Mountain trail. The valley trail parallels the river on the eastern side of the valley from Lake to Canyon, while the Mary Mountain trail skirts the northern edge of the valley along Alum Creek on its way to the Canyon-Lake road. All the rivers, creeks and ponds in the valley are closed to fishing,.[5][6] {{Gallery|title=Images of Hayden Valley |footer= |width=150 |lines=3 |File:HaydenValleyFJHaynes1909.JPG|Hayden Valley, F. Jay Haynes photo, 1909[7] |File:HaydenValley1977JSchmidtWinter.jpg|Winter 1977 |File:Yellowstone River in Hayden Valley.jpg|1987 |File:AerialViewHaydenValleyPeaco2001.jpg|Aerial view looking north, 2001 }} Notes1. ^The report of Lieutenant Gustavus C. Doane upon the so-called Yellowstone Expedition of 1870, presented to the Secretary of War, February 1871 {{Lake (Yellowstone)}}{{Wyoming}}2. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=153}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Haines |first=Aubrey L. |title=Yellowstone Place Names-Mirrors of History |publisher=University Press of Colorado |location=Niwot, CO |year=1996 |isbn=0-87081-382-X |pages=198–99 }} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Native Americans seek to rename Yellowstone peak honoring massacre perpetrator|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Jason|last=Begay|date=July 5, 2018|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/05/native-americans-yellowstone-mountain-renaming}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Schneider |first=Bill |title=Hiking Yellowstone National Park |publisher=Globe Pequot Press |location=Guilford, CT |isbn=0-7627-2539-7 |year=2003 |pages=219–225 }} 6. ^2007 Yellowstone National Park Fishing Regulations 7. ^{{cite book |last=Haynes |first=F. Jay |authorlink=Frank Jay Haynes |title=Haynes Souvenir Album-Yellowstone National Park |publisher=Frank J. Haynes |location=St Paul, MN |year=1909}} 3 : Landforms of Yellowstone National Park|Landforms of Teton County, Wyoming|Valleys of Wyoming |
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