| 词条 | Heartland (United States) |
| 释义 |
Heartland is an American political term referring to U.S. states that "don't touch an ocean,"[1] whether the Atlantic or Pacific, or to the Midwestern United States.[2] The phrase not only refers to a tangible region but is also a cultural term connoting many ideas and values, such as hard work, rustic small town communities, rural heritage, simplicity, and honesty. Citizens of the Heartland—referred to as simply "Heartlanders"—are often seen as Blue collar. Old North-West, Louisiana (colony of France) and Great Lakes region are traditional definition of the Mid-West. US Census Bureau said 12 states such as North Dakota, South Dakota[2], Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota[3], Missouri, Nebraska, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana and Ohio are the Mid-West. These are typically associated with "Small Heartland". Large Heartland means "Small Heartland" plus Montana, Kentucky, Idaho, Colorado, Oklahoma, Nevada, West Virginia, Wyoming[4], Utah and Southern States Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas[5]. LocationThere is no consensus as to "where" America's heartland is physically located. However, the American Midwest is the most commonly cited area as being the nation's heartland, although many other places have been referred to as part of it, often extending to rural or farming regions in the great plains.[6][7] At least as early as 2010, the term Heartland has been used to refer to many so-called "red states", including those in the Bible belt.[8]According to the United States Census Bureau, the mean center of population in the U.S. in 2010 was in or around Texas County, Missouri. In 2000 it had been northeast from there, in Phelps County, Missouri. It is projected for the mean center of population to leave the Midwest and enter the Western U.S. by the middle of the 21st century.[9] The geographic center of the 48 contiguous U.S. states is near Lebanon, Kansas. When Alaska and Hawaii were admitted to the Union in 1959, the geographic center of the United States moved from Smith County, Kansas to Butte County, South Dakota. Use of the TermHalford Mackinder, a British geographer, coined the word in 1904 to refer to the heart of the Eurasian land mass: a strategic center of industry, natural resources and power.[6] The use of the term "heartland" to apply to the American Midwest did not become common until sometime in the 20th century.[10][11][12]Culture/MusicBruce Springsteen, Bob Seger, John Mellencamp, and Tom Petty sing about working man in the Mid-West. They are Heartland rock musicians. See also
References1. ^{{cite news|url = http://nationaljournal.com/columns/political-connections/a-heartland-headache-for-dems-20101104|publisher = National Journal|title = Heartland Headache: Democrats have to be more competitive in states that don’t touch an ocean if they want to bounce back|first = Ronald|last = Brownstein|date = November 4, 2010}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Heartland (United States)}}2. ^http://www.americasheartland.org/states/sdakota.htm 3. ^http://www.americasheartland.org/states/minnesota.htm 4. ^http://www.americasheartland.org/states/wyoming.htm 5. ^http://www.americasheartland.org/states/arkansas.htm 6. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/03/upshot/where-is-americas-heartland-pick-your-map.html|title=Where Is America’s Heartland? Pick Your Map|last=Badger|first=Emily|date=2017-01-03|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-05-16|last2=Quealy|first2=Kevin|issn=0362-4331}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://heartlandeindhoven.nl/info_EN.php|title=HEARTLAND - What is Heartland|last=http://www.vanabbemuseum.nl|website=heartlandeindhoven.nl|access-date=2017-05-16}} 8. ^Boyer, Paul S., Clifford E. Clark, Karen Halttunen, Joseph F. Kett, and Neal Salisbury. The enduring vision: A history of the American people Volume II: Since 1865. Cengage Learning, 2016. 9. ^{{cite news|agency = Associated Press|url = https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/03/08/general-us-census-america-apos-s-heartland_8344805.html|title = US 'heartland' near historic shift from Midwest|first = Hope|last = Yen|date = March 8, 2011|work=Forbes}} 10. ^Imagined Heartland, Frontier to Heartland, Newberry Library (2009), Retrieved 4 February 2015 11. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=n3Xn7jMx1RYC&pg=PA71&#v=onepage&q&f=false The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia], pp. 71-73 (2006) 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=7&case_insensitive=on&content=heartland&direct_url=t4;,heartland;,c0;,s0;;heartland;,c0;;Heartland;,c0;;HEARTLAND;,c0|title=Google Ngram Viewer|website=books.google.com|access-date=2017-05-16}} 3 : Regions of the United States|Political terminology of the United States|Words coined in the 1900s |
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