| 词条 | Helene Demuth |
| 释义 |
| name = Helene Demuth | image = Helene Demuth.jpg | alt = Black and white portrait on a mature woman wearing a dress. | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1820|12|31|df=y}} | birth_place = Sankt Wendel, Principality of Lichtenberg, Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, German Confederation | death_date = {{Death date and age|1890|11|04|1820|12|31|df=y}} | death_place = London, United Kingdom | nationality = Prussian, German | resting_place = Highgate Cemetery | other_names = | occupation = | known_for = Housekeeper of Karl Marx, later serving as the household manager and political confidante of Frederich Engels. }}{{Infobox person | name = Frederick Lewis Demuth | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Henry Frederick Demuth | birth_date = {{birth date|1851|6|23}} | birth_place = London, United Kingdom | death_date = {{death date and age|1929|1|28|1851|6|23}} | death_place = Upper Clapton, London, United Kingdom | nationality = English | occupation = Machinist | organization = Amalgamated Engineering Union | party = Labour | spouse = | children = 1 | parents = Helene Demuth Friedrich Engels (legal) Karl Marx (alleged) | relatives = }} Helene "Lenchen" Demuth (31 December 1820 - 4 November 1890) was the housekeeper of Jenny and Karl Marx, later serving as the household manager and political confidante of Friedrich Engels. BiographyHelene Demuth was born of peasant parents on December 31, 1820 in Sankt Wendel in today's Saarland. As a teenage girl she was adopted into the von Westphalen household, to work as a maid. In 1843 Karl Marx married Jenny von Westphalen. Helene Demuth joined their household in April 1845 in Brussels, where she was sent by Jenny's mother.[1] She stayed with the Marx’s as a lifelong housekeeper, friend, and political confidante, and was commonly known to the family by the nicknames Lenchen or Nim.[1] After Marx's death in March 1883, Helene Demuth moved to Engels's home, where she ran the household.[1] The pair worked in tandem to organize and arrange for the publication of Marx's literary estate, discovering in the process the manuscript from which Engels was able to reconstruct the second volume of Das Kapital. In October 1890, Helene was diagnosed with cancer. She died in London on November 4 that year at the age of 69. In accordance with Jenny Marx's wishes, she was buried in the Marx family grave and later re-interred in the Tomb of Karl Marx at Highgate Cemetery. Frederick DemuthOn June 23, 1851 Helene Demuth gave birth to a boy believed by most scholars to have been sired by Karl Marx.[2] Presumably in an effort to preserve the Marx’s marriage, Karl Marx's closest personal friend, Frederick Engels, a bachelor living in Manchester, claimed fatherhood of the boy, who was given his name.[2] The baby, Frederick Lewis Demuth (1851−1929), was placed in a working class foster home in London shortly after birth and was later trained as a toolmaker.[3] His probable half-sister Eleanor Marx came to know him some time after her father's death and made him a family friend.[3] According to Terrell Carver, although it has been claimed since 1962 that Marx was the father of Helene Demuth's illegitimate son, "this is not well founded on the documentary materials available".[4] Notes and references1. ^1 2 Hal Draper, "Helene Demuth," in The Marx-Engels Glossary: Volume III of the Marx-Engels Cyclopedia. New York: Schocken Books, 1986; pg. 55. 2. ^1 Saul Padover (trans. and ed.), "Introduction: Marx, the Human Side," to Karl Marx, On Education, Women, and Children. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1975; pg. xxv. 3. ^1 Draper, "Frederick Demuth," in The Marx-Engels Glossary, pg. 55. 4. ^{{cite book|last=Carver|first=Terrell|title=The Cambridge Companion to Marx|date=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|isbn=9780521366946|page=11|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=6VrfmJOEzZsC&lpg=PA11&dq=The%20Cambridge%20Companion%20to%20Marx%20Demuth&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q&f=false|editor-last=Carver|editor-first=Terrell|accessdate=30 May 2014|chapter=Reading Marx: Life and Works}} External links
6 : 1820 births|1890 deaths|People from Sankt Wendel (district)|Karl Marx|Domestic workers|Burials at Highgate Cemetery |
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