| 词条 | Johan Ernst Gunnerus |
| 释义 |
|type = Bishop |honorific-prefix = Right Reverend |name = Johan Ernst Gunnerus |honorific-suffix = |native_name = |native_name_lang = |title = Bishop |image = Johann Ernst Gunnerus.jpg |image_size = |alt = |caption = |church = Church of Norway |diocese = Trondhjem |appointed = |term = |retired = |predecessor = |successor = |other_post = |ordination = |ordained_by = |consecration = |consecrated_by = |birth_name = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1718|2|26|df=yes}} |birth_place = Christiania, Norway |death_date = {{Death date and age|1773|9|23|1718|2|26|df=yes}} |death_place = Christiania, Norway |buried = |nationality = Norwegian |religion = Christian |residence = |parents = Erasmus Gunnerus and Anna Gerhard |spouse = |children = |occupation = Priest / Botanist |profession = |previous_post = |education = |alma_mater = |motto = |signature = }} Johan Ernst Gunnerus (26 February 1718 – 23 September 1773) was a Norwegian bishop and botanist. Gunnerus was born at Christiania. He was bishop of the Diocese of Nidaros from 1758 until his death and also a professor of theology at the University of Copenhagen. BiographyGunnerus was born and raised in Christiania in Norway. He enrolled at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark in 1737, but had to postpone his studies for three years because of poverty. He studied in Copenhagen from 1740, at Halle in Germany from 1742, and at Jena from 1744, where he received his Magister degree in 1745 and in 1753 was admitted to the Faculty of Philosophy. At Jena he published extensively, notably a work on natural and international law in eight volumes. In 1754 he was recalled to Denmark and appointed Professor and Rector at Herlufsholm. In 1758 he became Bishop of the Diocese of Nidaros in Trondheim, Norway.[1] Gunnerus was very interested in natural history and accumulated a large collection of specimens from visits to central and northern Norway. He also encouraged others to send him specimens. Together with the historians Gerhard Schöning and Peter Frederik Suhm he founded the Trondheim Society in 1760. In 1767 it received royal recognition and became the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. Gunnerus was vice President and Director Perpetuus of the Society from 1767 to 1773. The society began publishing its journal in 1761, entitled Det Trondhiemske Selskabs Skrifter, still published today as Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter. In 1765 Gunnerus published a description of a basking shark in this journal, giving it the scientific name Squalus maximius. Gunnerus was the author of Flora Norvegica (1766-1776). He contributed notes on the ornithology of northern Norway to Knud Leem's Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper (1767), translated into English in 1808 as An Account of the Laplanders of Finmark. In this Gunnerus was the first person to give a scientific name to the Greenshank. Gunnerus discussed a number of his findings with Carolus Linnæus, mainly known as Carl von Linné, with whom he was in correspondence. The original letters from Carolus Linnæus are held at the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters in Trondheim, while the ones from Gunnerus to Linnæus are found at the Linnean Society of London.[2] Gunnerus was the first to suggest that since the northern lights were caused by the Sun, there also had to be auroras around the moon, Venus and Mercury. In 1766, Gunnerus was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The plant genus Gunnera was named after him,[3] as well as the Gunnerus Library. {{botanist|Gunnerus|border=0}} ReferencesBibliography
Notes1. ^Nordisk familjebok, p. 641. {{s-start}}{{s-rel}}{{s-bef|before=Frederik Nannestad}}{{s-ttl|title=Bishop of Trondhjem|years=1758–1773}}{{s-aft|after=Marcus Fredrik Bang}}{{s-end}}{{Commons}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gunnerus, Johan Ernst}}2. ^A translation of Bishop Gunnerus’ description of the species Hydroides norvegicus with comments on his Serpula triquetra 3. ^{{cite news |first=Andy |last=Dolan |date=13 August 2016 |title=We grew a triffid! At 12ft tall (and counting), the pot plant that's taken over a garden |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3738387/We-grew-triffid-12ft-tall-counting-pot-plant-s-taken-garden.html |publisher=Daily Mail |accessdate=20 December 2016}} 14 : 1718 births|1773 deaths|Norwegian phycologists|Norwegian bryologists|Pteridologists|Botanists with author abbreviations|Norwegian mycologists|Bishops of Nidaros|18th-century Lutheran bishops|Norwegian botanists|Norwegian ornithologists|Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters|18th-century Norwegian people|Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
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