1. History
     Founding    Digitransit  

2. Name

3. Transportation
     Metro    Länsimetro    Commuter rail    Trams    Buses    Standard bus routes    Neighbourhood bus routes    Routes 550 and 560    Bus operators    Ferry    Bikeshare  

4. Organization

5. Visual identity

6. Work

7. Ticketing

8. References

9. External links

The Helsinki Regional Transport Authority ({{lang-fi|Helsingin seudun liikenne, HSL}}; {{lang-sv|Helsingforsregionens trafik, HRT}}) is the inter-municipal authority that maintains the public transportation network of the nine municipalities of Greater Helsinki, Finland.

HSL oversees the operation of all of Helsinki’s public transportation. The system consists of local buses, trams, metro trains, ferries, commuter trains, and bikeshare.

HSL controls the sale and inspection of transit tickets. Apart from the bus network, all of HSL’s services use a proof-of-payment system: there are no gates at metro and commuter rail stations or tram stops. Instead, passengers are required to present a valid ticket to fare inspectors, who randomly patrol the network. If caught without a valid ticket, a passenger must pay a fine of €80 in addition to the full price of the ticket.^[2]

Apart from four electric buses,^[3] HSL does not own rolling stock. Due to this, HSL relies on third-party contractors for the day-to-day operation of the transit system.

History

Founding

HSL was founded 1 January 2010^[4] on the basis of the Finnish public transportation law, joukkoliikennelaki, which was adopted 3 December 2009.^[5] According to joukkoliikennelaki, HSL is responsible for the planning of public transportation in Greater Helsinki. The traffic functions of the inter-municipal Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council (YTV) and planning, procuring and tendering functions of Helsinki City Transport (HKL, within the city of Helsinki) were moved into the transport authority.^[4]

When it was founded, HSL had a revenue of over €500 million and approximately 350 employees.

Digitransit

In 2016, HSL started to develop a revamped version of its native journey planner, Reittiopas, originally released by YTV in 2001. This replacement would be a next generation open data and open source intermodal public transport route planner, codename Digitransit.

In February 2017, the new route planner was opened for public use, and the phasing-out of Reittiopas Classic began.

Name

The official name of the transport authority is Helsingin seudun liikenne -kuntayhtymä HSL in Finnish and Samkommunen Helsingforsregionens trafik HRT in Swedish. The official name of HSL in English is Helsinki Regional Transport Authority HSL. Also the shorter form of the name, Helsinki Region Transport (HSL) may be used in everyday use.^[6]

Transportation

HSL oversees the operation of all public transportation in the Helsinki region. However, apart from select bus routes with electric units, the agency does not operate any rolling stock. Therefore, it relies mainly on independent contractors for the operation of the network.

Metro

The Helsinki Metro is operated by HKL. The metro line opened in 1982. The system serves 25 stations in total on its two lines, M1 and M2.

Länsimetro

The first phase of the Länsimetro expansion program extended the metro lines west to Lauttasaari and southern Espoo, serving eight new stations. The second phase of the extension is slated to open in 2020. At that time, the total number of metro stations on the line will increase from 25 to 30.

Commuter rail

Commuter rail service in the region is operated by VR. There are 52 stations in the network, which are served by 15 lines. Out of HSL’s three rail networks, commuter rail is the most far-reaching; it serves the northern, north-eastern, and western suburbs of the city, as well as Helsinki Airport in Vantaa.

Trams

Trams in Helsinki are operated by HKL. Helsinki is the only Finnish city with tram service in use as of 11/2017. Tram service in Helsinki began in 1891.

Buses

HSL offers three types of bus service; standard buses, neighbourhood buses and two small headway crosstown lines ("runkolinja", literally: trunk lines).

HSL tickets are also valid on most U-routes which are run by separate companies and serve cities outside of the HSL area.

Standard bus routes

The standard bus routes can be divided into the following categories:

• Helsinki internal bus routes
  • 14-23: buses serving the central area
  • 37-43: buses leaving from Kamppi or Elielinaukio and serving the areas of Haaga and Kannelmäki
  • 50-69: buses leaving or going through the city centre area or Pasila and serving Lauttasaari and the areas north of the city centre within Helsinki city limits
  • 70-79: buses serving the Malmi area
  • 80-98: eastern metro connection buses
  • 80-89: buses serving areas near Herttoniemi
  • 90-98: buses serving areas near Itäkeskus, Myllypuro, Kontula, Mellunmäki, Rastila and Vuosaari
• Espoo internal bus routes
• Vantaa internal bus routes
• Regional routes within the HSL area
  • 111-739: these buses have a basic numbering system with the smaller numbers mostly going west towards Espoo, the larger numbers mostly going north-east towards Vantaa and the some 500-series buses being cross-city routes

The numbers listed above have exceptions (e.g. Helsinki internal school bus route 91 which serves the Östersundom area).

Neighbourhood bus routes

The neighbourhood lines use mini-buses which stop anywhere on the line at a passengers request. These lines often run hourly from morning to afternoon on weekdays and have little to no service on weekends. The lines are mostly meant to be used by people with difficulties moving but they can be used by all people.

Routes 550 and 560

There are two orange colour-coded cross-city lines which are called trunk lines are routes 550 and 560. 550 runs from the Itäkeskus metro station in the east, through the Oulunkylä, Huopalahti, Pitäjänmäki and Leppävaara commuter train stations and the western metro stations of Aalto-Yliopisto and Tapiola, terminating at Westendin asema in the west. 560 runs from Rastila metro station in the east, through the Vuosaari, Mellunmäki and Kontula metro stations and the Malmi and Myyrmäki commuter train stations terminating in Honkasuo in the north.

Both routes use long wheel-base buses which have a high capacity and are colour-coded orange instead of the regular blue colour-coding on buses.

Buses on the route 550 run every 4-10 minutes between 4:20 and 21:30 and every 15-30 minutes between 21:30 and 1:00 on weekdays with buses running every 10 minutes between 10:00 and 19:00 and every 15-30 minutes between 4:50 and 10:00 and between 19:00 and 1:00 on Saturdays, and every 10 minutes between 10:00 and 19:00 and every 15-30 minutes between 5:20 and 10:00 and between 19:00 and 1:00 on Sundays.

Buses on the route 560 run every 7-10 minutes between 5:15 and 20:30 and every 15-30 minutes between 4:30 and 5:15 and between 20:30 and 0:30 with buses running every 10 minutes between 11:00 and 18:30 and every 15-30 minutes between 5:00 and 11:00 and between 18:30 and 0:30 on Saturdays, and every 15 minutes between 11:00 and 20:30 and every 20-30 minutes between 5:30 and 11:00 and between 20:30 and 24:00 on Sundays.

A plan to build a light-rail connection from Itäkeskus to Keilaniemi following the current route of bus route 550 has been finalised and accepted by the cities of Helsinki and Espoo. Construction is set to start in 2019.

The light-rail will have a track gauge of 1000mm which is the same as on the Helsinki tram system. The vehicles would be larger versions of the current Helsinki trams and would be build by Finnish company Transtech.

Bus operators

Bus services are divided among multiple operators. The companies granted with traffic contracts as of 2/2017 are:

• Nobina
• Pohjolan Liikenne
• Helsingin Bussiliikenne
• Transdev
• Savonlinja
• Tammelundin Liikenne
• Åbergin Linja
• Korsisaari
• Taksikuljetus
• Reissu-Ruoti
• Tilausliikenne Nikkanen
• V-S Bussipalvelut

Ferry

A ferry to Suomenlinna is part of the HSL network. This route is operated on two ferries, Suokki and Suomenlinna II.

Bikeshare

In 2016 HSL launched Helsinki's bikeshare program. Starting on the 2nd of May, 2016, users could register to use the network for a day fee of 5€, a week fee of 10€ or the entire season from May to the end of October for 25€. The initial network included 500 bikes, one of which a user could use to travel from any of the 50 stations to another.

The bikeshare system is a joint venture between CityBike Finland, HKL, and HSL. The system is sponsored by HOK-Elanto's grocery shop chain Alepa, which has purchased the commercial space on the bicycles. Due to this, the bicycles are colloquially known as alepapyörät (”Alepa bikes”).

In late 2016 HSL announced the details of a revamped bikeshare system, this time spanning 1,500 bikes and 150 stations. The expanded bike program brought the service to Munkkiniemi, Pasila, and Vallila. In addition to having 1,400 bikes and 140 stations in Helsinki, the service covered Matinkylä and Olari in Espoo with 100 bikes and 10 stations. The 2018 season saw a further-expanded network, with a total of 2,200 bikes at 220 stations, of which 70 are located in Espoo. The season fare was increased to 30€.^[7]

Organization

HSL is owned by the cities of Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Kerava, and Kauniainen and the municipalities of Kirkkonummi and Sipoo. In 2017, Tuusula^[8] and Siuntio^[9] voted to join HSL.

The other municipalities in the Greater Helsinki area (Järvenpää, Nurmijärvi, Mäntsälä, Pornainen, Hyvinkää, and Vihti) have the possibility of joining HSL in the future. About 1.3 million people live in the 14 municipalities of Greater Helsinki and the population is estimated to increase to approximately 1.5 million by the year 2030.

HSL’s office is located in Opastinsilta 6 A, Helsinki.

Visual identity

After the founding of HSL, the visual identity of all transportation services in Helsinki was unified under one brand name and logo. The HSL identity is heavily based on the color-coding of different elements to highlight the types of information presented; danger is represented in red, optional information in blue.

The base color for HSL is blue (#007AC9).^[10] Each of the forms of transit are represented with a color of its own:

• {{Color box|#007AC9||}} HSL Bus blue
• {{Color box|#00985F||}} HSL Tram green
• {{Color box|#8C4799||}} HSL Commuter rail purple
• {{Color box|#FF6319||}} HSL Metro orange
• {{Color box|#00B9E4||}} HSL Ferry light blue

HSL's visual identity was created by the design office Kokoro & Moi.^[11] The designers have explained the concept as:

"The outlook shows reliability, freshness and ease of approaching. The octagonal shape of the logo is symbolizing the expanding public transportation network. The loops in the logo remind of leaf shoots, telling of new ways of action and new partnerships and of ecological values. The eight loops also represent all cardinal directions and are sending a message of the broad-ranged function of the organization. In the middle of the logo there are two graphical lines, symbolizing uniting organizations and the public transportation with its tracks, wheels and map lines."

Work

HSL's duty is to do its part in taking care of the functioning, economical aspects and caring of nature in the greater Helsinki. This goal is achieved by promoting the usage of public transportation and by organizing affordable and well functioning public transportation services.

HSL takes care of planning the regional public transportation and internal public transportation of Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa. Beside planning, HSL also tenders the bus companies. The organization owns no buses or rail rolling stock.

One of the agency's jobs is to compile the Helsinki Region Transport System Plan.

Ticketing

HSL is responsible for fare collection on its transit system. Each of the rail services use a proof-of-payment system, as there are no ticket barriers at stations. Payment is handled primarily through a pre-paid card system, which is based on MIFARE technology.

HSL is in the process of replacing its travel card system, along with the card readers, to a new technology since 2016.^[12] The new cards are named the HSL card and the Visitor card, respectively.

In October 2018, HSL introduced a change to the fare zones used for determining fares. Instead of zones being determined strictly according to municipality boundaries, the new zones are determined according to distance from Helsinki city center. The new zone system will go into effect in Spring of 2019.^[13][14]

References

External links

• Helsinki Regional Transport Authority
• The [https://web.archive.org/web/20140212045131/http://www.reittiopas.fi/en/ Reittiopas Journey Planner] is being phased out with next generation Digitransit service slated for a 2017 completion
• [https://www.hsl.fi/en/timetables-and-routes/mobile-apps Mobile Apps] based on open data by HSL
• [https://www.hsl.fi/uutiset/2015/matkakortti-uudistuu-siniseksi-hsl-kortiksi-2016-6171]

• Großmühlingen
• Großmünster
• Großmürbisch
• Großnaundorf
• Groß Naundorf
• Groß Nemerow
• Großneuhausen
• Großniedesheim
• Groß Niendorf
• Groß Niendorf (Holstein)
• Groß Niendorf (Mecklenburg)
• Groß Niendorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
• Groß Niendorf, Schleswig-Holstein
• Groß Nogath
• Groß-Nogath
• Groß Nordende
• Großobringen
• Groß Oesingen
• Groß Offenseth-Aspern
• Großolbersdorf
• Groß Pampau
• Groß Pankow (Prignitz)
• Großpaschleben
• Groß Plasten
• Groß Polzin