| 词条 | Johann Jakob von Tschudi |
| 释义 |
Johann Jakob von Tschudi (25 July 1818 – 8 October 1889) was a Swiss naturalist, explorer and diplomat. BiographyTschudi was born in Glarus, and studied natural sciences and medicine at the universities of Neuchâtel, Leiden and Paris. In 1838 he travelled to Peru, where he remained for five years exploring and collecting plants in the Andes. He went to Vienna in 1843. In 1845 he described 18 new species of South American reptiles.[1] Between 1857 and 1859 he visited Brazil and other countries in South America. In 1860 he was appointed Swiss ambassador to Brazil, remaining so until 1868, and again spent time exploring the country and collecting plants for the museums of Neuchâtel, Glarus, and Freiburg. In 1868 he became minister to Vienna. PeruHe wrote a textbook on Peru called Peruvian antiquities in which he recorded various aspects of Peruvian life and history.[2] In his book he explained the various skull angles of Peruvians in the context of the Angle of Camper. Tschudi claimed that Camper's facial angles were an "important angle in anthropology", whose "greater or less opening indicates the intellectual superiority of a race, and, up to a certain point, of individuals".[3] He went on to explain that he had obtained for his personal collection the mummified foetus of a woman at seven months found in the cave of "Huichay" ("two leagues from Tarma"), and included two engravings of it, to prove that the shape of the cranium of the Huancas was not due to pressures placed upon the cranium after birth for cultural reasons. LegacyTschudi is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of venomous South American coral snake, Micrurus tschudii.[4] Works
He also edited, in association with Mariano Eduardo de Rivera, Antigüedades Peruanas (Vienna, 1851; translated by F. L. Hawks, New York, 1853). Notes1. ^"Tschudi". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. 2. ^[https://archive.org/details/peruvianantiqui00hawkgoog Peruvian antiquities], by Johann Jakob von Tschudi and Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Ustáriz, translation by Francis L Hawkes, A.S. Barnes & Co., Cincinnati, 1855 3. ^Peruvian antiquities, page 29 4. ^Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Tschudi", p. 269). References
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11 : 1818 births|1889 deaths|Swiss naturalists|Swiss nobility|Swiss ornithologists|Swiss explorers|Swiss Protestants|People from the canton of Glarus|Incan scholars|Swiss diplomats|Ambassadors of Switzerland to Brazil |
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