| 词条 | Henry Terrell Jr. | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name= Henry Terrell Jr. |birth_date=October 14, 1890 |death_date=October 3, 1971 (aged 80) |birth_place=San Antonio, Texas, United States |death_place=San Antonio, Texas, United States |boyhood home= |placeofburial= |image=Henry Terrell, Jr..jpg |image_size=205px |caption= |allegiance={{flag|United States}} |branch={{army|United States}} |serviceyears=1912–1946 |rank= Major General |servicenumber=0-3264 |commands=9th Infantry Regiment 8th Infantry Division 90th Infantry Division XXII Corps |unit= Infantry Branch |battles=World War I World War II |awards=Army Distinguished Service Medal Legion of Merit Croix de guerre (France) |relations= |laterwork= }}Major General Henry Terrell Jr. (October 14, 1890 – October 3, 1971) was a senior United States Army officer. Terrell commanded the 90th Infantry Division from its activation in March 1942 to January 1944 during World War II.[1] BiographyEarly life and military careerBorn October 14, 1890 in San Antonio, Texas, he attended the University of Texas from 1908 until 1910, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity.[2] He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Infantry Branch of the United States Army, and was assigned to the 7th Infantry Regiment stationed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He was subsequently transferred to the 22nd Infantry Regiment, then stationed at Fort Bliss, Texas, where he participated in the border patrol duty during the Pancho Villa Expedition. He then was transferred to the 29th Infantry Regiment in February 1915, for duty in the Panama Canal Zone. He returned to the United States in August 1917, four months after the American entry into World War I, and served (now with the rank of captain) with the 58th Infantry Regiment in Pennsylvania and North Carolina. In July 1918, his regiment was transferred to the Western Front to serve as part of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), commanded by General John J. Pershing, who had led the Pancho Villa Expedition. As an infantry officer, he participated in the Champagne-Marne defensive operations, the Aisne-Marne Offensive, the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. The war ended soon afterwards, after the Armistice with Germany was signed on November 11, 1918. For his bravery in the war he was awarded the French Croix de guerre. Between the warsHe stayed in the army during the interwar period where he attended the U.S. Army Command and General Staff School, graduating from there in 1925. In the early 1930s he attended the U.S. Army War College and from 1936–1938 he commanded the 9th Infantry Regiment.[3] World War IIDuring World War II Terrell briefly commanded the 8th Infantry Division in March 1941. By March 1942, three months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent American entry into the war, he was promoted to the two-star rank of major general and was the first Commanding General (CG) of the 90th "Tough Ombres" Infantry Division. The division was composed mostly of conscripts (or draftees) who were new to military service. He led the division in numerous training exercises in the United States. However, the division, which later went on to fight in the Battle of Normandy, was considered by many senior American commanders (namely Major General Joe Collins, the VII Corps commander, and Lieutenant General Omar Bradley, then the commander of the U.S. First Army, who stated that the 90th was "one of the worst-trained outfits to arrive in the ETO") to have performed poorly in the opening stages of the campaign. Much of the blame for this was placed on, not the current commander, Brigadier General Jay W. MacKelvie, but on Terrell.[4] In mid-January 1944, he was promoted (although without change in rank) to command of the newly created XXII Corps in the United States. However, he never led the corps in combat as, in November 1944, Terrell was ordered to command the Infantry Advanced Replacement Training Center until the end of the war. Major General Ernest Harmon, a highly experienced and competent commander, became CG of XXII Corps. For his services in raising the 90th Infantry Division Terrell was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal.[5] PostwarMajor General Henry Terrell Jr. retired from the army on April 30, 1946, almost a year after the end of World War II in Europe, and died on October 3, 1971 in San Antonio, Texas, his birthplace. He is buried together with his wife Helen (1891–1972) at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery. Medals and decorations
References1. ^90th Infantry Division Commanders in World War II 2. ^{{Cite book|title=Phi Kappa Psi (1991). Grand Catalogue of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity (13th ed.)|last=|first=|publisher=Publishing Concepts, Inc.|year=1991|isbn=|location=|pages=399, 578}} 3. ^http://www.generals.dk/general/Terrell/Henry_Jr./USA.html 4. ^http://www.normandy1944.org.uk/st_sauver.htm 5. ^http://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient.php?recipientid=113225 External links
|-{{s-bef|before=New post}}{{s-ttl|title=Commanding General 90th Infantry Division|years=1942–1944}}{{s-aft|after=Jay W. MacKelvie}} |-{{s-bef|before=New post}}{{s-ttl|title=Commanding General XXII Corps|years=January 1944 – November 1944}}{{s-aft|after=Ernest N. Harmon}}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Terrell, Henry}} 13 : 1890 births|1971 deaths|People from San Antonio|United States Army generals|American military personnel of World War I|American army personnel of World War II|University of Texas at Austin alumni|United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni|United States Army War College alumni|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)|Recipients of the Legion of Merit|Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Burials at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery |
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