| 词条 | Herman Kruk |
| 释义 |
| name = Herman Kruk | image = | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1897|05|19|df=y}}[1] | birth_place =Płock, Poland[2] | death_date = {{death date and age|1944|09|18|1897|05|19|df=y}}[3] | death_place = KZ Lagedi, Estonia[3] | nationality = | notableworks = The Last Days of the Jerusalem of Lithuania: Chronicles from the Vilna Ghetto and the Camps 1939-1944[2] | signature = }}{{The Holocaust sidebar}}Herman Kruk ({{lang-yi|הערשל קרוק}}) was a Polish-Jewish librarian and Bundist activist who kept a diary recording his experiences in the Vilna Ghetto during World War II.[3] LifeKruk fled Warsaw and relocated to Vilna at the outbreak of the Invasion of Poland.[4] While confined to the Vilna Ghetto, he organized and oversaw the creation and operation of a library in the Ghetto.[4] He also played an active role in several of the ghetto's social welfare and cultural organizations.[4] Kruk continued chronicling his experiences after he was transferred to the Klooga concentration camp.[3] The last entry was made on September 17, 1944, when he buried his diaries inside the camp at KZ Lagedi in Estonia. The following day, he and almost all the other prisoners were forced to carry logs to a pile, spread them in a layer, lie down naked on them so they could be executed and burned in a massive pyre.[3] The Red Army arrived the following day to find the aftermath.[5] His diary was published posthumously in 1961 by YIVO in original Yiddish ({{lang-yi|טאגבוך פון ווילנער געטא}}). Expanded English translation, The Last Days of the Jerusalem of Lithuania: Chronicles from the Vilna Ghetto and the Camps 1939-1944, was published in 2002 ({{ISBN|0300044941}}). He is one of the main characters in Joshua Sobol's play Ghetto. See also
References1. ^Herman Kruk. Tagebukh fun Vilner Ghetto. YIVO, 1961. p. 8. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kruk, Herman}}2. ^1 {{cite web|last=Kassow|first=Samuel D.|title=Vilna Stories|url=http://www.eilatgordinlevitan.com/vilna/vilna_pages/vilna_stories_kruk.html|accessdate=31 December 2012}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.forward.com/articles/7576/|title= Chronicling Life and Death in the Ghetto of the Jerusalem of Lithuania|last=Kuznitz|first=Cecile E.|date=2003-06-27|work=The Forward|accessdate=2009-11-08}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=The Last Days of the Jerusalem of Lithuania: Artifacts of the Vilna Ghetto |url=http://www.yivoinstitute.org/digital_exhibitions/index.php?mcid=73&oid=10 |publisher=YIVO Institute for Jewish Research |accessdate=31 December 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805222831/http://www.yivoinstitute.org/digital_exhibitions/index.php?mcid=73&oid=10 |archivedate=5 August 2012 |df= }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Friedländer|first=Saul|authorlink=Saul Friedländer|title=Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1933-1945: Abridged Edition|year=2009|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=9780061350276|pages=409–410|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EY2npqn0J8UC&lpg=PA409&ots=a0O53KpiON&dq=Lagedi%20nazi%20camp&pg=PA409#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 10 : 1944 deaths|1897 births|People from Płock|Polish Jews|Polish civilians killed in World War II|Jewish writers|Vilna Ghetto inmates|Polish people executed in Nazi concentration camps|Executed people from Masovian Voivodeship|Personal accounts of the Holocaust |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。