| 词条 | John Babbacombe Lee |
| 释义 |
| name = John "Babbacombe" Lee | occupation = Cause célèbre for surviving three attempts to hang him for murder | birth_name = John Henry George Lee | birth_date = {{dob|1864|11|15|df=y}} | birth_place = Abbotskerswell, Devon, England | death_date = {{dda|1945|03|19|1864|11|15|df=y}} }} John "Babbacombe" Lee (c. 1864 – 19 March 1945) was an Englishman famous for surviving three attempts to hang him for murder. Born in Abbotskerswell, Devon, Lee served in the Royal Navy, and was a known thief. In 1885, he was convicted of the brutal murder of his employer, Emma Keyse, at her home at Babbacombe Bay near Torquay on 15 November 1884 with a knife. The evidence was weak and circumstantial, amounting to little more than Lee having been the only male in the house at the time of the murder, his previous criminal record, and being found with an unexplained cut on his arm. Despite this and his claim of innocence, he was sentenced to hang. At times, he was thought to be "the man you shouldn't hang" due to suspected divine intervention.[1] Attempted execution and aftermathOn 23 February 1885, three attempts were made to carry out his execution at Exeter Prison. All ended in failure, as the trapdoor of the scaffold failed to open despite being carefully tested by the executioner, James Berry, beforehand. The medical officer refused to take any further part in the proceedings, and they were stopped. As a result, home secretary Sir William Harcourt commuted the sentence to life imprisonment. The Home Office ordered an investigation into the failure of the apparatus, and it was discovered that when the gallows was moved from the old infirmary into the coach house, the draw bar was slightly misaligned. As a result the hinges of the trapdoor bound and did not drop cleanly through. [2] Lee continued to petition successive Home Secretaries and was finally released in 1907.[3] The only other man in history known to have survived three hanging attempts was Joseph Samuel, in September 1803.[4] Later years and identificationsAfter his release, Lee seems to have exploited his notoriety, supporting himself through lecturing on his life, even becoming the subject of a silent film. Accounts of his whereabouts after 1916 are somewhat confused, and one researcher even speculated that in later years, there was more than one man claiming to be Lee. It was suspected that he died in the Tavistock workhouse[5] sometime during the Second World War. However, more recent research concludes that he died in the United States under the name of "James Lee" in 1945.[6] According to the book The Man They Could Not Hang, Lee's gravestone was located at Forest Home Cemetery, Milwaukee in 2009.[7] Popular culture
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|last1=Waugh|first1=Ian|title=THE MAN THEY COULD NOT HANG|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/southwest/series1/john-babbacombe-lee.shtml|website=bbc.co.uk|publisher=BBC|accessdate=8 July 2015}} 2. ^Home Office report HO 144/148/A38492 XC12399 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Solftley|first1=Sarah|title=A shadow of doubt - the story of the man they couldn't hang|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2008/09/12/shadowofdoubt_feature.shtml|publisher=BBC|accessdate=18 July 2016}} 4. ^{{Cite book|last=Jupp|first=James|authorlink=James Jupp|title=The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, Its People, and Their Origins|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-0-521-80789-0|page=525|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgoFxfSTfYAC&pg=PA525&lpg=PA525&dq=Joseph+Samuel+%2B+hanging#PPA525,M1}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/southwest/series1/john-babbacombe-lee.shtml|title=The Man They Could Not Hang|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|date=14 October 2002|accessdate=30 September 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ianwaugh.com/murderresearch/where|title=Where Is John Lee?|publisher=Ianwaugh.com|accessdate=30 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121233712/http://www.ianwaugh.com/murderresearch/where|archive-date=21 November 2008|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Found at last... 'Babbacombe' Lee's final resting place|url=http://www.exeterexpressandecho.co.uk/babbacombe-lee-s-final-resting-place/story-11826789-detail/story.html|accessdate=18 July 2016|work=Express and Echo|date=19 March 2009}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} External links
8 : 1864 births|1941 deaths|English people convicted of murder|English prisoners sentenced to death|People convicted of murder by England and Wales|Place of death missing|Prisoners sentenced to death by England and Wales|Execution survivors |
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