| 词条 | Hesburgh Library |
| 释义 |
| name = Hesburgh Library | name_en = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | image = Touchdown Jesus at Notre Dame.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = The Hesburgh Library, the reflection pool, and the Word of Life mural | country = United States | type = Academic library | scope = | established = 1964 | ref_legal_mandate = | location = Notre Dame, Indiana | coordinates = {{nowrap|{{coord|41.702598|N|86.234336|W|region:US-PA_type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline}}}} | branch_of = Hesburgh Libraries | num_branches = 9 | items_collected = | collection_size = 3,000,000+ books, 3,000,000+ microform units, 34,000+ electronic titles, 28,850+ audiovisual items | criteria = | legal_deposit = | req_to_access = Students, faculty, and staff | annual_circulation = 329,511 | pop_served = 14,000 | members = | budget = $27,000,000 | director = Diane Walker, University Librarian | num_employees = | website = [https://library.nd.edu] | references = [1][2] | embed = | module = }} Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, {{convert|134|ft|m|sing=on}} by {{convert|68|ft|m|sing=on}} mural called The Word of Life, or more commonly known as Touchdown Jesus. As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated 3.39 million volumes. HistoryEarly librariesBefore the establishment of a library for students, students took the initiative to establish literary societies, that served as the source of literature and discussion of scholarly topics. The first one was the St. Aloysius Literary Society, which was founded in 1850 and six years later established the first student library.[3] It was followed by the Aloysius Philodemics, the Philopatrians and the St Edwards Library Society. The first circulating library at Notre Dame was created in 1873 by President Rev. Augustus Lemonnier, and incorporate the previously existing student libraries. It was housed on the third floor of the Main Building and its first librarian was Jimmie Edwards, CSC. In 1879 the Main Building was destroyed by fire and 500 books were lost. After the Main Building was rebuilt, a new library was established with a budget of $500 and comprised 16,000 volumes. In 1888, during the golden jubilee of Fr. Edward Sorin, a new library was opened on the third floor. By 1900 it contained 52,000 books. In 1907 the university hired Florence Espy, a professional librarian, to catalog the collection. After the death of Edwards, Paul Foik, came to Notre Dame in 1912 and took over his positions; he pushed for the construction of a library building. A new building (the present-day Bond Hall) to house the library was built in 1917. It was dedicated during the 75th anniversary of the University, with President William Taft in attendance. By 1920 its collection reached 103,00 volumes. The Dewey Decimal Classification has been used to classify the library's holdings since 1929. Thematic collections were established in other buildings in subsequent decades. A separate engineering library opened in 1933, followed by a biology library in 1938, the Medieval Institute in 1946, and the Nieuwland science library for chemistry, physics, and mathematics in 1953.[4] Current libraryIn 1959 Father Theodore Hesburgh, the university's president, announced plans for construction of a new library. Ground was broken in 1961, with the Ellerbe Company of Saint Paul, Minnesota, as the project's architect. Construction took three years. Memorial Library officially opened on September 18, 1963.[5][6] The finished structure, which is {{convert|210|ft|m}} tall, is built on a site that encompasses {{convert|315|ft2|m2}}. The interior of {{convert|429,780|ft2|m2}} has two lower floors that serve as a base for a narrower and nearly windowless 13-story tower capped with a smaller penthouse. Interior floors have few walls and are supported by bare columns to create a flexible space to arrange stacks of books. The size of the windows was minimized to reduce glare and avoid uneven light from the outside. The two lower floors feature a more extensive use of glass, as well as brick and tweed granite, while the upper floors are finished in Makato stone.[6] The library's collection reached one million volumes in 1970 and surpassed 1.5 million volumes in 1986.[4] In 1987 the library was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Fr. Hesburgh, the university's retiring president, who served as Notre Dame's president for thirty-five years (from 1952 to 1987). In his retirement, Hesburgh maintained an office on the library's thirteenth floor, overlooking the Main Quad.[5][7] As of 2009, the library housed 3.39 million volumes. The Association of Research Libraries ranked it the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States.[8] In 2015 the university began major renovations to the library that will modernize its interior design. Word of Life/Touchdown Jesus muralThe side of the library facing the stadium is covered with a mural called The Word of Life, more commonly known as Touchdown Jesus, that measures {{convert|134|ft|m}} high and {{convert|68|ft|m}} wide.[9] HistoryWhen the library opened in 1963, the mural had not yet been installed. American artist Millard Sheets was commissioned to create a work large enough to cover the entire side of the library facing Notre Dame's football stadium. Fr. Theodore Hesburgh suggested that the theme should be saints and scholars through the ages. The artwork cost $200,000 and was donated by Mr. and Mrs. Howard V. Phalin of Winnetka, Illinois. Installation took place in the spring of 1964; the dedication ceremony was held on May 7, 1964. The mural is composed of 324 panels. It consists of 81 different stones from 16 countries in 171 finishes that includes 46 granites and syenites, 10 gabros and labradorites, 4 metamorphic gneisses, 12 serpentines, 4 crystalline marbles and 5 limestones.[10] DescriptionThe artwork depicts a procession of figures representing Christian saints, thinkers, teachers, and writers, a topic that connected to the idea of the library. Figures were selected from different centuries and places to convey the concept of the Catholic Church's historical continuity. At the top of the procession the central figure is the resurrected Jesus Christ, conceived as the great teacher and master, and the fountain of knowledge contained in the library. The artwork, which is titled Word of Life, is {{convert|134|ft|m}} tall and {{convert|68|ft|m}} wide. NicknameThe mural's image of Jesus, visible from Notre Dame's football stadium, has arms raised in the same fashion as a referee signifying a touchdown. From this similarity came the mural's nickname, Touchdown Jesus.[11] A stadium expansion partially obscures views of the mural from the field. Notes1. ^http://library.nd.edu/about/library_statistics.pdf 2. ^https://library.nd.edu/about/hesburgh-libraries.shtml 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://archives.nd.edu/Scholastic/VOL_0133/VOL_0133_ISSUE_0014.pdf}} 4. ^1 {{cite web | author= | title =Chronology of Notre Dame Libraries | work = | publisher =University of Notre Dame | date= |url=https://library.nd.edu/about/history/timeline.shtml | accessdate =June 29, 2017}} 5. ^1 {{cite book | author=Michael O'Brien | title = Hesburgh: A Biography | publisher =Catholic University of America Press |series = | volume = | edition = | year =1998 | location =Washington, D.C. | page=303 | url = | isbn =0-8132-0921-8}} See also: {{cite web| author= | title =Father Theodore M. Hesburgh | work = | publisher =University of Notre Dame | date = | url =https://library.nd.edu/about/history/fhesb.shtml| accessdate =June 27, 2017}} 6. ^1 {{cite web| author= | title =Theodore M. Hesburgh Library | work = | publisher =University of Notre Dame | date = | url =https://library.nd.edu/about/history/ | format = | accessdate =June 27, 2017}} 7. ^Hesburgh joined the Notre Dame faculty as an instructor in the religion department in 1945 and was named head of the school’s theology department in 1948. He was appointed as the university's executive vice president in 1949 and succeeded John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C., as president in 1952. See {{cite book | author=Linda C. Gugin and James E. St. Clair, eds. | title =Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State | publisher =Indiana Historical Society Press| year =2015 | location =Indianapolis | pages=169–71 | url = | isbn =978-0-87195-387-2}} See also: {{cite book | author= Martin L. McAuliffe Jr. | title =Profiles of Excellence | publisher =University of Evansville Press | series = | volume = | edition = | year =1970 | location =Evansville, Indiana | pages=114–20 | url = | OCLC=575784}} 8. ^{{cite journal| author= |title=The Future of Hesburgh Library | journal =The Observer | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher = | location =Notre Dame, Indiana | date =September 2, 2009| url=http://www.ndsmcobserver.com/2.2756/the-future-of-hesburgh-library/| accessdate =June 29, 2017}} 9. ^http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2004-09-26/travel/0409250216_1_edward-sorin-campus-golden-dome/2 10. ^https://library.nd.edu/about/history/mosaic.shtml 11. ^Why Irish eyes are smiling References
Further reading
|location=Notre Dame, Indiana |publisher=University of Notre Dame Press |year=1994| pages = | url = | isbn =9780268019495 }}
External links
5 : Libraries in Indiana|University and college academic libraries in the United States|University of Notre Dame buildings and structures|Library buildings completed in 1963|Academic libraries |
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