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词条 Alice Walton
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Career

  3. Art

  4. Political contributions

  5. Personal life

     Family  Automobile incidents 

  6. References

  7. External links

{{hatnote|This page is about the businessperson, for the archaeologist and classicist see Alice Walton (classicist)}}{{infobox person
| name = Alice Walton
| image = Alice Walton (cropped).jpg
| caption = Walton in 2011
| birth_name = Alice Louise Walton
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|10|7}}[1]
| birth_place = Newport, Arkansas, U.S.
| residence = Fort Worth, Texas
| citizenship = United States
| education = Trinity University[2]
| occupation =
| known_for = Heiress, Walton family fortune
| networth = US$47 billion (November 2018)[3]
| boards = Amon Carter Museum
| spouse = Divorced[2]
| parents = {{Plainlist|
  • Sam Walton (father)
  • Helen Walton (mother)

}}
| relatives = {{Plainlist|
  • Rob Walton (brother)
  • John Walton (brother)
  • Jim Walton (brother)

}}
}}

Alice Louise Walton (born October 7, 1949) is an heiress to the fortune of Walmart Inc. She is the daughter of Walmart founder Sam Walton and Helen Walton, and sister of S. Robson Walton, Jim Walton and the late John T. Walton. As of May 2018, Walton had a net worth of $42.5 billion, making her the wealthiest woman in the world with Françoise Bettencourt Meyers,[4] following as the 18th-richest person in the world.

In September 2016, she was reported to own over {{US$|11 billion}} in Walmart shares.[5] As of March 2019, she was ranked as the 17th-richest person in the world and the first richest woman, with an estimated net worth of $45.6 billion. [6]

Early life and education

Walton was born in Newport, Arkansas.[1] She was raised along with her 3 brothers in Bentonville, Arkansas and graduated from Bentonville HS in 1966. She graduated from Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas, with a B.A. in economics and finance.[7]

Career

In her early career, Walton was an equity analyst and money manager for First Commerce Corporation[8] and headed investment activities at Arvest Bank Group.[9] She was also a broker for EF Hutton.[10] In 1988, Walton founded Llama Company, an investment bank, where she was president, chairwoman and CEO.[8][9]

Walton was the first person to chair the Northwest Arkansas Council and played a major role in the development of the Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport, which opened in 1998.[11] At the time, the business and civic leaders of Northwest Arkansas Council found a need for the $109 million regional airport in their corner of the state.[12] Walton provided $15 million in initial funding for construction.[12] Her company, Llama Company, underwrote a $79.5 million bond.[12] The Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport Authority recognized Walton's contributions to the creation of the airport and named the terminal the Alice L. Walton Terminal Building.[13] She was inducted into the Arkansas Aviation Hall of Fame in 2001.[14]

In the late 1990s, Llama Co. closed and, in 1998, Walton moved to a ranch in Millsap, Texas, named Walton's Rocking W Ranch.[7][15][16] An avid horse-lover, she was known for having an eye for determining which 2-month-olds would grow to be champion cutters.[17] Walton listed the farm for sale in 2015 and moved to Fort Worth, Texas, citing the need to focus on the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, the Bentonville, Arkansas, art museum she founded that opened in 2011.[18][19][20]

In his 1992 autobiography Made in America, Sam Walton remarked that Alice was "the most like me—a maverick—but even more volatile than I am."[21]

Art

Walton purchased her first piece of art when she was about ten years old. It was a reproduction of Picasso's Blue Nude she got from her father's Ben Franklin Dime-Store. She and her mother would often paint watercolors on camping trips.[11] Her interest in art led to her spearheading the Walton Family Foundation's involvement in developing Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in the heart of Bentonville, Arkansas. Crystal Bridges, opened in November 2011, was and is envisioned as a premier venue for a national art institution dedicated to American art and artists, and a place of learning and community.

In December 2004, Walton purchased art sold from the collection of Daniel Fraad and Rita Fraad at Sotheby's, in New York.[11]

In 2005, Walton purchased Asher Brown Durand's celebrated painting, Kindred Spirits, in a sealed-bid auction for a purported US$35 million.[22] The 1849 painting, a tribute to Hudson River School painter Thomas Cole, had been given to the New York Public Library in 1904 by Julia Bryant, the daughter of Romantic poet and New York newspaper publisher William Cullen Bryant (who is depicted in the painting with Cole).[23] She has also purchased works by American painters Winslow Homer and Edward Hopper, as well as a notable portrait of George Washington by Charles Willson Peale,[24] in preparation for the opening of the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.[25]In 2009, Alice Walton added Norman Rockwell's "Rosie the Riveter" to the Crystal Bridges permanent collection for $4.9 million.[26]

John Wilmerding, an advisor and board member to Crystal Bridges said Walton has collected the work of some artists in depth, quietly buying substantial bodies of work by Martin Johnson Heade, Stuart Davis, George Bellows and John Singer Sargent.[27] Walton's attempt to quit smoking led to the purchase of a painting reminiscent of an earlier painting by John Singer Sargent by Alfred Maurer which depicts a full-length woman smoking.[28] The second painting was by Tom Wesselmann is titled "Smoker #9[29]," and depicts a hyper realistic, disembodied hand and mouth smoking a cigarette.[30]

In a 2011 interview, she spoke about acquiring great works by other artists. She described Marsden Hartley as "one of my favorite artists-he was a very complex guy, somewhat tormented, but a very spiritual person, and love the emotion and the feel and the spirituality of his work". She went on to say "and Andrew Wyeth-the mystery and loneliness that is expressed. How do you paint loneliness?"[11]

Political contributions

Alice Walton was the 20th-largest individual contributor to 527 committees in the U.S. presidential election 2004, donating US$2.6 million to the conservative Progress for America group.[31] During the 2004 election cycle, Progress for America ran advertisements supporting the Iraq War and praising George W. Bush for preventing "another 9/11". As of January 2012, Walton had contributed $200,000 to Restore Our Future, the super PAC associated with Mitt Romney's presidential campaign.[32] Despite hailing from a largely Republican family, Alice donated $353,400 to the Hillary Victory Fund, a joint fundraising committee supporting Clinton and other Democrats, in 2016.[33] The two women met while Clinton was serving as First Lady of Arkansas and was the only woman sitting on Walmart's board.{{fact|date=September 2017}}

Personal life

At age 24, Walton was first married in 1974 to a prominent Louisiana investment banker, but the two were divorced two and a half years later. According to Forbes magazine, Walton "remarried soon after – to the contractor who built her swimming pool, but they too quickly divorced."[11][34][35]

Family

{{Main|Walton family}}

One of her brothers, John T. Walton, died in a 2005 plane crash, and is survived by his wife Christy Walton. She is a first cousin of Ann Walton Kroenke, Nancy Walton Laurie, and Sybil Robson Orr. Her two brothers, Rob Walton and Jim Walton, still survive.

Sam Walton was her father, Helen Walton was her mother, and James "Bud" Walton was her uncle.

Automobile incidents

Walton has been involved in multiple automobile incidents, one of them being fatal. During a 1983 Thanksgiving family reunion near Acapulco, Mexico, Walton lost control of a rented Jeep and plunged into a ravine, shattering her leg. She was airlifted out of Mexico and underwent more than two dozen surgeries; she is said to suffer lingering pain from her injuries.[7][48] In an April 1989 incident, she struck and killed 50-year-old Oleta Hardin, who had stepped onto a Fayetteville, Arkansas, road.[35] Witnesses stated that Walton was speeding at the time of the accident, but no charges were filed.[36] In a 1998 incident, she was reported to have hit a gas meter while driving under the influence. She paid a $925 fine.[35][37]

References

1. ^1 {{cite web |first= Richard S. |last= Tedlow |url= http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/2375.html |title= Sam Walton: Great From the Start |date= July 23, 2001 |publisher=Harvard Business School}}
2. ^1 {{cite web|title=The World's Billionaires|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/alice-walton/?list=billionaires|website=Forbes|accessdate=5 July 2017}}
3. ^https://www.forbes.com/profile/alice-walton/
4. ^Alice Walton and Françoise Bettencourt Meyers keep overtaking each other in Forbes and Bloomberg's lists.
5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidermole.com/insider/walton-alice-l|title=ALICE L WALTON Insider Trading Overview|website=www.insidermole.com|access-date=2016-09-20}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/alice-walton/|title=Alice Walton|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2019-03-27}}
7. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=O'Connor |first=Clair |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2013/09/16/inside-the-world-of-walmart-billionaire-alice-walton-americas-richest-art-collector/ |title=Inside the World of Walmart Billionaire Alice Walton, America's Richest Art Collector |work=Forbes |date=October 7, 2013}}
8. ^1 {{cite news |title=Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame: Alice walton |last1=Hosticka |first1=Alexis |url=https://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=5H1P-T3H1-JD2T-F10H&csi=280434&oc=00240&perma=true |newspaper=Arkansas Business |date=24 August 2015 |accessdate=8 May 2017}}
9. ^1 {{cite news |title=Alice Walton to receive honorary degree from the University of Arkansas |last1=Gill |first1=Todd |url=https://www.fayettevilleflyer.com/2012/02/16/alice-walton-to-receive-honorary-degree-from-the-university-of-arkansas/ |newspaper=Fayetteville Flyer |date=16 February 2012 |accessdate=8 May 2017}}
10. ^{{cite news |last=O'Connor |first=Clair |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2013/09/16/inside-the-world-of-walmart-billionaire-alice-walton-americas-richest-art-collector/ |title=Inside the World of Walmart Billionaire Alice Walton, America's Richest Art Collector |work=Forbes |date=October 7, 2013}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title=Alice's Wonderland: A Walmart Heiress Builds a Museum in the Ozarks |last=Mead |first=Rebecca |work=The New Yorker |date=June 27, 2011}}
12. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=Group to consider naming airport terminal after Wal-Mart heiress |url=https://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3X4J-M5X0-00HV-6105&csi=8399&oc=00240&perma=true |newspaper=The Associated Press |date=8 August 1999 |accessdate=8 May 2017}}
13. ^{{cite news |title=Airport board names terminal after Alice Walton |url=https://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3X5H-T190-00HV-60MP&csi=8399&oc=00240&perma=true |newspaper=The Associated Press |date=13 August 1999 |accessdate=8 May 2017}}
14. ^{{cite news |title=Alice Walton: Working to bring the world to Arkansas' door |last1=Cottingham |first1=Jan |url=http://www.arkansasbusiness.com/article/37302/alice-walton-working-to-bring-the-world-to-arkansas-door?page=all |newspaper=Arkansas Business |date=29 March 2010 |accessdate=8 May 2017}}
15. ^{{cite news |title=Alice Walton's big picture: The Wal-Mart heir turns her eye, and her money, to art collecting |last1=Paul |first1=Steve |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2006/12/10/alice-waltons-big-picture-span-classbankheadthe-wal-mart-heir-turns-her-eye-and-her-money-to-art-collectingspan/231bcb7a-a011-43d0-81a0-d7155997d1e6/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=10 December 2006 |accessdate=9 May 2017}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=Wal-Mart heiress loves cutting horses |url=https://www.nexis.com/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3Y4X-F4X0-009F-S3J1&csi=280434&oc=00240&perma=true |agency=Associated Press |date=19 December 1999 |accessdate=9 May 2017}}
17. ^{{cite news |title=Alice L. Walton, Making a Grand Dream a Reality: The Jet-Setter Is Parlaying Her Wealth into a Hometown Museum |last=Paul |first=Steven |work=The Kansas City Star |date=November 19, 2006}}
18. ^{{cite news |title=Alice Walton cuts prices on two ranch properties |last1=Baker |first1=Max B. |url=http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/article87248437.html |newspaper=Star-Telegram |date=1 July 2016 |accessdate=9 May 2017}}
19. ^{{cite news |title=Wal-Mart heiress selling these 'iconic' ranches for $48 million |last1=Sherman |first1=Erik |url=http://fortune.com/2015/09/17/walmart-alice-walton-ranch/ |newspaper=Fortune |date=17 September 2015 |accessdate=9 May 2017}}
20. ^{{cite news |title=Wal-Mart heiress brings art museum to the Ozarks |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/11/08/142019716/wal-mart-heiress-brings-art-museum-to-the-ozarks |publisher=NPR |date=8 November 2011 |accessdate=9 May 2017}}
21. ^{{cite news |title=Alice's Wonderland: A Walmart Heiress Builds a Museum in the Ozarks |last=Mead |first=Rebecca |work=The New Yorker |date=June 27, 2011}}
22. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/13/nyregion/new-york-public-librarys-durand-painting-sold-to-walmart-heiress.html|title=New York Public Library's Durand Painting Sold to Wal-Mart Heiress|last=Vogel|first=Carol|date=2005-05-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-02-25|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/durandinfo.shtm |title=Asher B. Durand's 'Kindred Spirits' |department=Exhibitions |publisher=National Gallery of Art |access-date=2007-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128141956/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/durandinfo.shtm |archive-date=2007-01-28 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
24. ^{{cite journal |first=Rebecca |last=Solnit |date=March 6, 2006 |url=http://www.thenation.com/article/alice-waltons-fig-leaf |title=Alice Walton's Fig Leaf |journal=The Nation}}
25. ^Crystal Bridges website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016083806/http://www.crystalbridges.org/collection/index.asp |date=October 16, 2006 }}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/17/arts/design/alice-walton-on-her-crystal-bridges-museum-of-american-art.html|title=Alice Walton on Her Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art|last=Vogel|first=Carol|date=2011-06-16|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-02-25|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
27. ^{{cite news |title=A Billionaire's Eye for Art Shapes Her Singular Museum |work=The New York Times|date=June 16, 2011 |first=Carol |last=Vogel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/17/arts/design/alice-walton-on-her-crystal-bridges-museum-of-american-art.html}}
28. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/06/27/alices-wonderland|title=Alice’s Wonderland|last=Mead|first=Rebecca|date=2011-06-20|access-date=2019-02-25|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}
29. ^{{Cite web|url=https://collection.crystalbridges.org/objects/details/714;jsessionid=A316CF2BB05F8E0EDCF7BDE36175CA88|title=Smoker #9|website=collection.crystalbridges.org|access-date=2019-02-25}}
30. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/06/27/alices-wonderland|title=Alice’s Wonderland|last=Mead|first=Rebecca|date=2011-06-20|access-date=2019-02-25|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}
31. ^{{Cite thesis|title=Building Wal-Mart with resistance: community political action against a new Wal-Mart supercenter|url=https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/handle/10355/4546|publisher=University of Missouri--Columbia|date=2006|degree=Thesis|first=David|last=Overfelt}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Have the Waltons chosen their nominee? Sure looks like it!|url=http://walmart1percent.org/2012/03/26/have-the-waltons-chosen-their-nominee/|work=The Walmart 1%|accessdate=6 June 2012}}
33. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/walmarts-walton-family-backing-clinton|title=Walmart's Walton family backing Clinton|date=2016-09-07|website=Washington Examiner|language=en|access-date=2019-02-25}}
34. ^{{cite web |title=Alice Walton Profile |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/alice-walton |work=Forbes |date=March 1, 2014 |accessdate=March 3, 2014}}
35. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=O'Connor |first=Clair |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2013/09/16/inside-the-world-of-walmart-billionaire-alice-walton-americas-richest-art-collector/ |title=Inside the World of Walmart Billionaire Alice Walton, America's Richest Art Collector |work=Forbes |date=October 7, 2013}}
36. ^1 {{cite book |last=Ortega |first=Bob |title=In Sam We Trust: The Untold Story of Sam Walton and How Wal-Mart Is Devouring the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haF1pOaAxNwC&pg=PA200 |accessdate=August 2, 2014 |year=1999 |publisher=Kogan Page Publishers |isbn=978-0-7494-3177-8 |pages=200–201}}
37. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/the-woman-who-put-the-art-in-walmart-399462.html |title=The Woman Who Put the Art in Wal-Mart |date=November 8, 2007 |accessdate=April 23, 2011 |newspaper=The Independent |location=London}}

External links

  • [https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_Alice-Walton_9S8R.html Forbes The World's Billionaires: Alice Walton], 2007
  • [https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/54/richlist07_Alice-Walton_9S8R.html Forbes The 400 Richest Americans: Alice Walton], 2007
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121051103/http://walmartwatch.com/blog/archives/court_case_reveals_alice_waltons_contributions_to_crystal_bridges/ Alice Walton's contributions to Crystal Bridges Museum]
{{Wal-Mart}}{{Current U.S. Richest People}}{{Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Walton, Alice}}

11 : 1949 births|Living people|American art collectors|American billionaires|American businesspeople in retailing|American philanthropists|E. F. Hutton & Co. people|Female billionaires|Trinity University (Texas) alumni|People from Newport, Arkansas|Walton family
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