| 词条 | Highweek |
| 释义 |
|country= England |official_name= Highweek |static_image= All Saints Church, Highweek - geograph.org.uk - 902390.jpg |static_image_width= 240px |static_image_caption= All Saints Church, Highweek |coordinates = {{coord|50.536991|-3.628629|display=inline,title}} |label_position= left |civil_parish= |population= |population_ref= |shire_district= Teignbridge |shire_county= Devon |region= South West England |constituency_westminster=Newton Abbot |post_town= NEWTON ABBOT |postcode_district= TQ12 |postcode_area= TQ |dial_code= 01626 |os_grid_reference= SX846720Highweek (anciently called Teignwick (alias Teyngewike, Tingwike,[1] Teyngewyk, etc.)), less commonly called Highweek Village, in South Devon, England, is a parish,[2] former manor and village, now a suburb of, and administered by, the town of Newton Abbot, but still retaining its village identity.[3] It is prominent and recognisable due to its high location on a ridge on the north edge of the town. The area is the centre of the modern electoral ward of Bradley. Its population at the 2011 census was 5,043.[4] Following the Norman Conquest of 1066 the Normans built a motte-and-bailey castle here, of which only a dyke remains (giving it the local name of "Castle Dyke"), which probably remained occupied until the mid 13th century, when the chief residence of the locality became Bradley House.[5] The mediaeval parish church, dedicated to All Saints, now a Grade I listed building, was consecrated in 1428. Until 1864 it served as a chapel of ease to the parish church of adjoining Kingsteignton[6][7] having been built after the villagers petitioned the pope for their own graveyard. GeographyHighweek is on a ridge that overlooks the South Devon market town of Newton Abbot, the Teign Estuary and the Bovey Basin. To the north west, Haytor and surrounding parts of Dartmoor dominate the skyline, and to the north east the Haldon Hills some 9 miles away towards Exeter can be seen. Immediately north of the village there is the unusual cone shaped hill of Daracombe Beacon that overlooks the ball clay opencast pit of Ringslade Quarry, Howton Road and the 1st Highweek Village Scout Group building. The Beacon has a cluster of trees on its peak and is one of the highest points in Newton Abbot at 82 m.[8] Another high point immediately north of the road of Gaze Hill contains a hidden covered municipal water tank. The village gives its name to a geological unit (the Highweek Unit) that extends for at least 8 km westwards from the village. The geology underlying Highweek itself is Gurrington slate of Famennian age (a late subdivision of the Devonian period), with small outliers of resistant spilites forming both the ridge on which the church stands and the hills north of the village, such as the aforementioned Daracombe Beacon.[9] All Saints ChurchBy 1427 the parishioners had built a chapel at Highweek, but they had to carry their dead about three miles to the parish church in Kingsteignton. They petitioned Pope Martin V for their own graveyard because "the tides and rivers, and the mud of winter and the intense heat of summer" made the journey "both troublesome and dangerous to accomplish".[10] The pope granted permission in a bull dated 14 May 1427, and the church and its churchyard were consecrated by Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter on 19 April 1428.[10] Until 1864 it remained a chapel of ease to Kingsteignton.[11] All Saints has the Bradley aisle which was built by Richard Yarde of Bradley Manor in the 15th century, and it also had a rood screen that was said to be "beautiful" until it was mutilated in 1786 and later removed completely.[12] Today, the church is a Church of England place of worship in the Diocese of Exeter, known as Highweek Parish.[2] All Saints shares parishioners in rotating services with the other church in the parish, St Mary the Virgin, Abbotsbury, Church. It is a Grade I listed building.[13] The church sits on a steep sided hill at the end of ridge which runs the length of the village, and is clearly visible for miles around facing St Mary's Wolborough Church on the opposite side of Newton Abbot. The battlemented tower on the west end of the nave carries a flag pole and a lit star at Christmas, which can be seen from Newton Abbot town centre. HistorySaxonHighweek stands in an area which experienced invasion and settlement in about 700 AD by the Saxons and then by the Danes in 1001 AD, when they sacked and pillaged the nearby village of Kingsteignton. The Anglo-Saxon suffix -wic means "a settlement", with the original Saxon place name Teignwic thus signifying "settlement by the River Teign.[14] NormanThe manor, anciently called Teignwic (alias Teignwick, Teyngewike, Teyngewyk, etc.) is not listed in the Domesday Book of 1086, as it was then a part of the large royal manor of Teintone (now Kingsteignton).[15] In the village is a Norman motte-and-bailey earthwork now known as Castle Dyke,[16] a scheduled monument included in the "At Risk" register,[17] but still standing tall today "...crowned by a single surviving pine."[18] 12th centuryThe manor of Teignwick was given by King Henry II (1154-1189) to "John, the son of Lucas his butler".[1] Following the Norman revolt it was forfeited to the crown and was re-granted by King John (1199-1216) to Eustace de Courtenay,[1] apparently[19] a relative of Renaud de Courtenay (d.1194), ancestor of the Earls of Devon. 13th 14th centuriesThe earliest surviving documentary reference to the manor is as Teyngewike in about 1200.[22] The part of the Hundred of Teignbridge, including Teignwick, which lay to the west of the River Teign were owned by the king, and in 1246[23] King Henry III granted these lands, including Dipford,[24] to Sir Theobald de Englishville[25][26] (d.1262). He appears not to have married and as he had no children, shortly before his death in 1262 and with royal licence[27] dated 1261,[28] he conveyed his lands to his "kinsman or foster child"[1][29] Robert Bushel (d.1269), whom he had brought up. His heir was his 4 year-old son Theobald Bushel, who became a ward of Henry de Bickleigh and his wife Matilda. It is likely that they abandoned Castle Dyke in favour of a new manor house they built in the nearby valley of the River Lemon.[30] The manor of Teignwick/Highwick was held by the Bushel family for nine generations[27] until the death of John Bushel, the last in the male line, during the reign of King Richard II[31] (1377-1399). During the 13th century the settlement north of the River Lemon became known as Newton Bushel after the Bushel family. By 1301 it was being called Heghwyk, the reference to the prominent (high) hill on which it stands having taken over[22] though the name Teignweek was still in use as late as 1850.[32] 15th centuryIn 1402 the AtYard (later Yarde) family acquired the manor of Highweek.[35] The first holder was Thomas Yarde,[36] son of Roger AtYard by his wife Elizanta (alias Elisote[36]) Bushel, heiress of Highweek. She was the aunt and heiress of John Bushel, the last in the male line.[27] His son and heir was Richard Yarde, Sheriff of Devon in 1442/3, who married Joan Ferrers, the heiress of Churston Ferrers,[37] where a junior branch of the Yarde family was later seated. This Richard Yarde built most of the surviving manor house at Bradley,[38] though a few remnants of the late 13th century Bushel building still survive.[30] Later historyNewton Bushel combined with New Town of the Abbots (of Torre Abbey) from the south side of the River Lemon to form what became known as Newton Abbot. Highweek is now joined to Newton Abbot and is administratively part of Newton Abbot under Newton Abbot Town Council and Teignbridge District Council. Modern HighweekToday Highweek has a public house called the Highweek Village Inn, a garage, village hall, and a late medieval church. Within the parish boundary there are two secondary schools with sixth forms, Coombeshead College and Newton Abbot College, and another church: St Mary the Virgin, Abbotsbury. At the meeting point of the road of Highweek Village and Coombeshead Road there are rustic cottages and terraced houses. There was a village post office into the 1990s, opposite the Highweek Inn at the top of Pitt Hill Road, but it is now residential. Notable residents
References1. ^1 2 3 Pole, p.262 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://exeter.anglican.org/parishstaff.php?parid=421|title=Parish of Highweek|publisher=Diocese of Exeter|accessdate=28 February 2011}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thisissouthdevon.co.uk/news/Village-campaigners-fight-new-homes/article-1719940-detail/article.html|title=Village campaigners fight further new homes|last=Dale|first=Laura|publisher=This is South Devon|date=18 January 2010|accessdate=22 February 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/bradley-e05003594#sthash.6quYCyuG.dpbs|title=Bradley ward 2011|accessdate= 18 February 2015}} 5. ^Pevsner, p.589 6. ^Pevsner, Nikolaus & Cherry, Bridget, The Buildings of England: Devon, London, 2004, p.584 7. ^Pole, Sir William (d.1635), Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon, Sir John-William de la Pole (ed.), London, 1791, p.262: "High Wike lieth in the parish of Kingstington, but hath a chappell of ease". 8. ^Google Earth 2011 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Selwood|first1=E. B.|last2=Edwards|first2=R.A.|title=Geology of the country around Newton Abbot|pages=13, 38–40|year=1984|publisher=HMSO|location=London|isbn=0-11-884274-9|display-authors=etal}} 10. ^1 {{cite book|editor=Dunstan, G. R.|title=The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, 1420–1455|volume=IV|year=1971|publisher=Devon & Cornwall Record Society|pages=280–1}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Pevsner, Nikolaus |authorlink=Nikolaus Pevsner|editor=Cherry, Bridget |title=The Buildings of England: Devon|publisher=Penguin Books|location=Harmondsworth|year=1989|origyear=1952|isbn=0-14-071050-7|page=584}} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Rowe|first=Chas. R.|title=South Devon|url=https://archive.org/details/southdevon00rowe|year=1907|publisher=Adam and Charles Black|location=London|page=136}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-464123-parish-church-of-all-saints-newton-abbot|title=Parish Church of All Saints – Newton Abbot – Devon – England|publisher=British Listed Buildings|accessdate=22 February 2011}} 14. ^{{cite book|title=The Concise Dictionary of English Etymology|last=Skeat|first=Walter W.|authorlink=Walter William Skeat|edition=Facsimile reprint of Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1884|year=1993|publisher=Wordsworth Reference|location=Ware|page=561|ISBN=1-85326-311-7}} 15. ^Thorn, Caroline & Frank, (eds.) Domesday Book, (Morris, John, gen.ed.) Vol. 9, Devon, Parts 1 & 2, Phillimore Press, Chichester, 1985, Part 2 (Notes), 1:10 16. ^{{cite journal| author=Woolner, Diana & Alexander| title=Castle Dyke, Highweek, Newton Abbot, Devon| journal=Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association| year=1953| volume=85| pages=133–8}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://risk.english-heritage.org.uk/2010.aspx?id=6636|title=Scheduled Monuments at Risk – Castle Dyke, Newton Abbot, Teignbridge, Devon|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=22 February 2011}} 18. ^Smith, Paul C (December 2017) The Story of All Saints' Church Highweek (Parish Information leaflet) 19. ^Not listed in the Courtenay pedigree in Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p.243 20. ^Bushel vaguely rhyming with Bouget 21. ^Pole, p.472 22. ^1 Gover, J. E. B., Mawer, A. & Stenton, F. M. (1931). The Place-Names of Devon. (English Place-Name Society. Vol viii.) Part I. Cambridge University Press; pp. 472–73. 23. ^Pole, p.262 regnal date "31 Henry III" 24. ^Tristram Risdon's Notebook [https://archive.org/stream/notebookoftristr00risdrich/notebookoftristr00risdrich_djvu.txt]Risdon, Tristram (d.1640), Survey of Devon, 1811 edition, London, 1811, with 1810 Additions, p.136 25. ^Thorn & Thorn, Part 2 (Notes), 1:10 26. ^1 {{cite book|last=Carter|first=Philip|title=Newton Abbot|year=2004|publisher=The Mint Press|location=Exeter|isbn=1-903356-40-7|pages=8–10}} 27. ^1 2 Risdon, p.136 28. ^Pole, p.262 regnal date "46 Henry III" 29. ^"adopted son" per Risdon, p.136 30. ^1 {{cite book|last=Woolner|first=Diana|title=Bradley, Devon (guidebook)|year=1989|publisher=The National Trust|pages=10–11, 21}} 31. ^Pole, pp.262-3 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://genuki.cs.ncl.ac.uk/DEV/Highweek/index.html|title=Highweek – Genealogy|publisher=Genuki|date=7 September 2008|accessdate=22 February 2011}} 33. ^Vivian, p.829; Pole, p.510 34. ^The original arms of Yarde, also canting arms, were A yard measure (Tregaskes, Jean H., Churston Story: 1088-1998, First Published 1990, Revised 2nd Edition 1998, p.14) of appearance unknown 35. ^Newton Abbot – Town Council Official Guide. Newton Abbot 1990s edition, "K.L / H.P Ltd./ D.M.C / 9006 Printed in Great Britain" {{ISBN|0-7140-2705-7}} 36. ^1 Pole, p.263 37. ^Vivian, p.829; Risdon, p.160 38. ^Hoskins, W.G., A New Survey of England: Devon, London, 1959 (first published 1954), p.442 39. ^Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p.433, pedigree of Segar of Highweek Further reading
| author=S. G. Harris | title=Notes on the History of Highweek | journal=Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association | year=1884 | volume=16 | pages=435–43}} (Note that much of the early history related in this article has been superseded by later research.)
| author=S. G. Harris | title=Highweek: Gleanings from a Parish Chest | journal=Report & Transactions of the Devonshire Association | year=1884 | volume=16 | pages=662–9}} External links
3 : Villages in Devon|Newton Abbot|Former civil parishes in Devon |
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