| 词条 | Hilltopper (train) |
| 释义 |
| box_width = | name = Hilltopper | logo = | logo_width = | image = Amtrak Hilltopper at Roanoke station, April 1978.jpg | image_width = 300px | caption = The Hilltopper at Roanoke, Virginia in April 1978 | type = Inter-city rail | status = Discontinued | locale = Eastern United States | first = June 1, 1977 | last = September 30, 1979 | predecessor = Mountaineer | successor = | operator = | formeroperator = Amtrak | ridership = | start = Boston, Massachusetts | stops = 34 | end = Catlettsburg, Kentucky | distance = {{convert|1674|mi|km}} | journeytime = 26 hours 35 minutes | frequency = Daily | trainnumber = 34, 35 (until January 8, 1978) 66, 67 | class = {{plain list|
| access = | seating = | sleeping = | autorack = | catering = On-board cafe | observation = | entertainment = | baggage = | otherfacilities = | stock = Amfleet coaches | gauge = {{RailGauge|ussg}} | el = | speed = | owners = Amtrak, RF&P, N&W | routenumber = | map = {{infobox rdt|Amtrak Hilltopper}} | map_state = collapsed }} The Hilltopper was a passenger train operated by Amtrak in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It ran daily from South Station in Boston, Massachusetts to Catlettsburg, Kentucky. The {{convert|1674|mi|abbr=on}} run made 34 stops in 11 states and the District of Columbia.[1] HistoryThe Chicago-Norfolk Mountaineer, introduced in 1975, suffered from low ridership and high costs. Despite its failings, West Virginia senator Robert Byrd demanded that Amtrak replace it with another train on the Norfolk and Western Railway (N&W) to serve his rural constituents - and that the new train would use new Amfleet equipment and serve Washington, D.C.{{rp|72}} The Washington-Catlettsburg Hilltopper replaced the Mountaineer on June 1, 1977.[2] The Hilltopper retained all Mountaineer stops between Catlettsburg and Petersburg, Virginia, while the James Whitcomb Riley (which had run combined with the Mountaineer west of Catlettsburg) continued to provide a Chicago connection. Only Norfolk and Suffolk, Virginia lost train service; a bus connection to Petersburg was provided.[3] The Hilltopper had warm supporters in Byrd and West Virginian congressman Harley Staggers but it was "cited by critics as an example of everything that was wrong with Amtrak".[4][6]{{rp|51}} Beginning on January 8, 1978, the Hilltopper was combined with the Night Owl, creating through service from Boston to Catlettsburg, Kentucky.[5]{{rp|73}} Even with this effort to improve its farebox recovery ratio, the train averaged 33 passengers per trip in 1978, dropping to between 2 and 15 per trip in 1979. Its average speed of {{convert|37.1|mph}} was the lowest on the long-distance system. Farebox recovery was a dismal 25%, with the train losing $200,000 per year.[9] The Hilltopper was one of five routes cut on October 1, 1979 as part of a reorganization by the Carter Administration, and the only of the five where no federal injunctions were obtained to keep service running.[9] Many of the train's riders were former N&W employees with lifetime passes. The Night Owl continued to be run after the cut.[6] The end of the Hilltopper spelled the end of intercity rail service along much of its route in Southwest Virginia and West Virginia. However, one daily Northeast Regional round trip was extended from Lynchburg to Roanoke on October 31, 2017.[7] {{clear left}}References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19790729&item=0035 |title=National Train Timetables |page=34 |date=July 29, 1979 |via=Museum of Railway Timetables |publisher=National Railroad Passenger Corporation}} [8]2. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://history.amtrak.com/archives/i-amtrak-news-i-june-15-1977 |title=Hilltopper Begins Service |publisher=Amtrak |magazine=Amtrak NEWS |volume=4 |issue=11 |date=June 15, 1977}} 3. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://history.amtrak.com/archives/i-amtrak-news-i-june-1-1977 |title=Hilltopper Begins Service |publisher=Amtrak |magazine=Amtrak NEWS |volume=4 |issue=10 |date=June 1, 1977}} 4. ^{{cite book | last=Dilger | first=Robert Jay | title=American Transportation Policy | year=2003 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WK8gAQAAMAAJ |page=91 |isbn=9780275978532 |publisher=Praeger}} 5. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.timetables.org/browse/?group=19780108&st=0001 |title=Amtrak National Train Timetables |date=January 8, 1978 |publisher=Amtrak |pages=9, 34}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/01/archives/amtrak-hilltopper-given-last-all-aboard-slow-and-unprofitable-run.html |title=Amtrak Hilltopper Given Last ‘All Aboard!’ |newspaper=New York Times |date=October 1, 1979 |accessdate=July 15, 2016 |first=Ben A. |last=Franklin}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.roanoke.com/news/local/roanoke/building-of-roanoke-s-amtrak-platform-expected-to-start-this/article_de0bcc63-8479-55c1-b053-1d483e576bed.html |title=Building of Roanoke's Amtrak platform expected to start this fall, state says |newspaper=Roanoke Times |date=23 May 2016 |first=Jeff |last=Sturgeon |accessdate=15 July 2016}} 8. ^1 {{Solomon-Amtrak}} }} External links{{commons category inline}}
15 : Former Amtrak routes|Passenger rail transportation in Massachusetts|Passenger rail transportation in Rhode Island|Passenger rail transportation in Connecticut|Passenger rail transportation in New York (state)|Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey|Passenger rail transportation in Pennsylvania|Passenger rail transportation in Delaware|Passenger rail transportation in Maryland|Passenger rail transportation in Washington, D.C.|Passenger rail transportation in Virginia|Passenger rail transportation in West Virginia|Passenger rail transportation in Kentucky|Railway services introduced in 1977|Railway services discontinued in 1979 |
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