“Hindi media”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Hindi media refers to media in Hindi language and its dialects, across the Hindi belt in India, and elsewhere with the Hindi-speaking Indian diaspora.

The first Hindi-language newspaper published in India, Udant Martand (The Rising Sun), started on 30 May 1826.^[1] This day is celebrated as "Hindi Journalism Day", or Hindi Patrakarita Diwas, as it marked the beginning of journalism in Hindi language.^[1] India has a long history of printing. The first printing press was set up as early as in 1674 in Mumbai (Bombay). Calcutta General Advertiser, the first newspaper of India (also known as the Hicky's Bengal Gazette),^[2] started in January 1780, and the first Hindi daily, Samachar Sudha Varshan, started in 1854 - three years before the Indian Rebellion of 1857.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

On 30 May 1826, Udant Martand (The Rising Sun), the first Hindi-language newspaper published in India, started from Calcutta (now Kolkata), published every Tuesday by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla.^[3]^[4]

Hindi news media has a dominant presence in a large part of the country. India is a multi-lingual country, and the Hindi belt is a group of states which are predominantly Hindi-speaking. The Hindi belt is commonly understood to include states of Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and the union territory of Chandigarh.^[5]

Hindi media today

Currently India publishes about 1,000 Hindi dailies that have a total circulation of about 80 million copies. English, the second language in terms of number of daily newspapers, has about 250 dailies with a circulation of about 40 million copies.^[6] Prominent Hindi newspapers include Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala, Navbharat Times, Hindustan Dainik, Rajasthan Patrika, [https://www.prabhasakshi.com/ Prabhasakshi]^[7] and Nai Dunia.

In terms of readership, Dainik Jagran is the most popular Hindi daily, with a total readership (TR) of 54,583,000, according to IRS Round One 2009. Dainik Bhaskar is the second most popular with a total readership of 33,500,000. Amar Ujala with TR of 28,674,000, Hindustan Dainik with TR of 26,769,000 and Rajasthan Patrika with a TR of 14,051,000 are placed at the next three positions. The total readership of the top 10 Hindi dailies is estimated at 188.68 million, nearly five times the top 10 English dailies, which have 38.76 million total readership.^[8]

Hindi news channels

Prominent Hindi television news channels include India TV, News18 India, ABP News, Zee News, Aaj Tak, NDTV India and News World India.

The most popular Hindi news websites are primarily the online versions of the Hindi newspapers and news channels.

References

1. ^{{cite web|last1=Chatterjee|first1=Mrinal|title=History of Hindi|url=http://pressinstitute.in/history-of-hindi-journalism/|publisher=Press Institute of India|accessdate=27 June 2014}}
2. ^http://www.pressreference.com/Gu-Ku/India.html
3. ^¹{{cite book|author=Hena Naqvi|title=Journalism And Mass Communication|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aFH2KFhFOkC&pg=PA42|year= 2007|publisher=Upkar Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7482-108-9|pages=42–}}
4. ^{{cite book|author=S. B. Bhattacherjee|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&pg=SL1-PA119|year=2009|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-4074-7|pages=A119}}
5. ^http://www.exchange4media.com/IRS/2009/fullstory.asp?Section_id=40&News_id=34741&Tag=30062
6. ^http://www.livemint.com/2009/02/05230335/Hindi-dailies-with-local-news.html
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.prabhasakshi.com|title=Hindi news website|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
8. ^http://www.exchange4media.com/IRS/2009/fullstory.asp?Section_id=40&News_id=34692&Tag=29960