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词条 HMCS West York
释义

  1. Background

  2. Construction and career

  3. Commanding officers

  4. Notes

  5. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=West york bow.jpgWest York{{'}}s bow during a transfer with {{HMCS>Fergus|K686|6}}
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=CanadaCanada|naval-1911}}Ship name=West YorkShip namesake= Weston, OntarioShip ordered=June 1942Ship awarded=Ship builder=Midland Shipyards. Ltd., MidlandShip original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=23 July 1943Ship launched= 25 January 1944Ship completed=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=6 October 1944Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=9 July 1945Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship identification=Pennant number: K369Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours= Atlantic 1945[1]Ship captured=Ship fate=sold for mercantile conversion; sunk in collision 1960Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Flower|corvette}}1015|LT|t ST|lk=in}}208|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}o/a33|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}11|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}Ship propulsion=*single shaft
  • 2 × water tube boilers
  • 1 × 4-cylinder triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine
  • {{convert|2750|ihp|abbr=on}}
16|kn|km/h|1}}3500|nmi|km|0}} at {{convert|12|kn|km/h|1}}Ship armour=Ship complement=904|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} BL Mk.IX single gun
  • 1 × 2-pounder. Mk.VIII single "pom-pom" AA gun
  • 2 × 20 mm Oerlikon single
  • 1 × Hedgehog A/S mortar
  • 4 × Mk.II depth charge throwers
  • 2 depth charge rails with 70 depth charges
Ship sensors=*1 × Type 271 SW2C radar
  • 1 × Type 144 sonar
Ship electronic warfare=
}}

HMCS West York was a {{sclass2-|Flower|corvette}} of the Royal Canadian Navy which took part in convoy escort duties during the Second World War. Named after Weston, Ontario, she was built by Midland Shipyards Ltd. in Midland, Ontario and commissioned on 6 October 1944 at Collingwood.

Background

{{main|Flower-class corvette}}

Flower-class corvettes like West York serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes.[2][3][4] The "corvette" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877.[5] During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design.[6] The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.[7]

Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them. This idea was put forth by Admiral Percy W. Nelles. Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named. Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear. Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified to allow them to perform better on the open seas.[8]

Construction and career

West York was ordered in June 1942 as part of the 1943-44 Increased Endurance Flower-class building program, which followed the main layout of the 1942-43 program. The only significant difference is that the majority of the 43-44 program replaced the 2-pounder Mk.VIII single "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun with 2 twin 20-mm and 2 single 20-mm anti-aircraft guns.[8] West York was laid down by Midland Shipyards Ltd. at Midland, Ontario 23 July 1943 and launched 25 January 1944.[9][10] She was commissioned into the RCN 6 October 1944 at Collingwood.[11]

West York arrived at Halifax in mid-November, 1944 and left a month later for Bermuda to work up. In February, 1945, she joined the Mid-Ocean Escort Force escort group EG C-5 at St. John's, leaving on 16 February to rendezvous with her first transatlantic convoy, HX 338.[11] She made three round trips across the Atlantic before the end of her career, the last one as escort to ON 305, which she joined from Londonderry at the end of May 1945.

West York was paid off on 9 July 1945 and laid up at Sorel, Quebec. She was sold into mercantile service as SS West York. As SS West York, she was towing the decommissioned {{HMCS|Assiniboine|I18|6}} when the towline parted and the destroyer was wrecked on 7 November 1945 off Prince Edward Island.[11]

By 1947, she had her steam reciprocating engine replaced by diesel power and sailed under Moroccan registry as the Moulay Bouchaib. As late as 1950, she was the Italian Espresso. She returned to Canadian registry in 1959 as Federal Express. She was moored in Montreal on the evening of 5 May 1960, when she was struck by the Swedish Polaris. Holed and with her mooring lines carried away, Federal Express careened into the Danish Hilda Maersk and sank in 30 minutes. Later that year, the after part of the ship was raised and broken up for scrap.[12]

Commanding officers

  • Temporary Lieutenant Murdo Smith, RCNR; 25 July 1944 – 23 December 1944
  • Temporary Lieutenant Edward Graham Scott, RCNVR; 23 December 1944 – 29 December 1944
  • Temporary Lieutenant Commander William Frederick Wood, RCNR; 30 December 1944 – 9 July 1945

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|title= Battle Honours | url=http://www.britainsnavy.co.uk/Battle%20Honours/A%20Battle%20Honour%20Date.htm#1900|work=Britain's Navy|accessdate=29 September 2013}}
2. ^{{cite web |last=Ossian |first=Robert |url=http://www.thepirateking.com/ships/ship_types.htm |title=Complete List of Sailing Vessels |website=The Pirate King |accessdate=13 April 2011}}
3. ^{{cite book |editor-last=Fitzsimons |editor-first=Bernard |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare |location=London |publisher=Phoebus |date=1978 |volume=11 |pages=1137–1142 |isbn=}}
4. ^{{cite book |title=Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II |location=New Jersey |publisher=Random House |date=1996 |isbn=0-517-67963-9 |page=68}}
5. ^{{cite book |last=Blake |first=Nicholas |last2=Lawrence |first2=Richard |title=The Illustrated Companion to Nelson's Navy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I59v6rkg8egC&pg=PA39 |publisher=Stackpole Books |date=2005 |pages=39–63 |isbn=0-8117-3275-4}}
6. ^{{cite book |last=Chesneau |first=Roger |last2=Gardiner |first2=Robert |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships (1922-1946) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJBMBvyQ83EC&pg=PA62 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |date=June 1980 |page=62 |isbn=0-87021-913-8}}
7. ^{{cite book |title=North Atlantic Run |last=Milner |first=Marc |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1985 |pages=117–119, 142–145, 158, 175–176, 226, 235, 285–291 |isbn=0-87021-450-0}}
8. ^1 {{cite book |last=Macpherson |first=Ken |last2=Milner |first2=Marc |year=1993 |title=Corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy 1939-1945|publisher=Vanwell Publishing |location=St. Catharines |pages=|isbn=1-55125-052-7}}
9. ^{{cite web | url = http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/796.html | work = Uboat.net | title = HMCS West York (K 369) | accessdate = 29 September 2013|ref=Uboat.net}}
10. ^{{Colledge}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Macpherson |first=Ken |last2=Burgess |first2= J. |year=1981 |title=The ships of Canada's naval forces 1910-1981 : a complete pictorial history of Canadian warships |publisher=Collins |location=Toronto|pages=103|isbn=0-00216-856-1}}
12. ^{{cite magazine|title=The Many Lives of the West York |magazine=The Crowsnest |date=1960 |volume=12 |number=11 |pages=14}}

References

{{refbegin}}
  • Macpherson, K.; Burgess, J. (1985). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910-1985. A complete pictoral history of Canadian warships. Toronto: Collins. 1985 {{ISBN|0-00-217469-3}}.
{{refend}}{{Flower class corvette|modified}}{{1960 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:West York, Hmcs}}

7 : Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy|Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy|1944 ships|Ships built in Ontario|Maritime incidents in 1960|Shipwrecks of the Saint Lawrence River|Ships sunk in collisions
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