“HMS Caicos (K505)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

HMS Caicos was a {{sclass2-|Colony|frigate}} of the United Kingdom that served during World War II. She was originally ordered by the United States Navy as the {{sclass-|Tacoma|frigate|0}} patrol frigate USS Hannam and was transferred to the Royal Navy prior to completion.

After her return to U.S. Navy custody, she was sold to Argentina and served in the Argentine Navy (Armada de la Republica Argentina) as a frigate under the names ARA Trinidad (P-34) and ARA Santísima Trinidad (P-34) from 1948 to 1962. After a refit she then served as a survey ship as ARA Augusto Lasserre (Q-9) from 1963 to 1969.

Construction and acquisition

Originally designated a "patrol gunboat", she was ordered by the United States Maritime Commission under a U.S. Navy contract as Type S2-S2-AQ1 hull number 1659 and named USS Hannam.^[5] She was reclassified as a "patrol frigate", PF-77, on 15 April 1943 and laid down by the Walsh-Kaiser Company^[7] at Providence, Rhode Island, on 23 April 1943.^[1] Intended for transfer to the Royal Navy, the ship was renamed Caicos by the British before being launched on 6 September 1943.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}}

Service history

Royal Navy, World War II, 1943–1945

Transferred to the United Kingdom under Lend-Lease on 31 December 1943,^[6] the ship was commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Caicos (K505) – sources claim that she was partially funded by the Turks and Caicos Islands colony, after part of which she was named^[2] – on either 31 December 1943^[1] or 2 January 1944.^[2]

Uniquely among all World War II frigates,^[1] Caicos was fitted to perform aircraft direction duties. The Royal Navy originally intended to send her to the Indian Ocean, but instead assigned her to duty in the North Sea, where she attempted to detect German V-1 flying bombs during their flights toward targets in Great Britain.^[1]^[7] Two members of her crew died during her war service.^[8]

Disposal and transfer to Argentina

The United Kingdom returned Caicos to the U.S. Navy on 12 December 1945.^[17] The U.S. Navy then transferred her for disposal to the U.S. Maritime Commission, which sold her in June 1946 to the N. B. Wolcott firm of New York City for scrapping. However the plans to scrap her were cancelled and she was resold to Argentina on 6 July 1947. Thus, although many Tacoma-class patrol frigates served in foreign navies after completing their U.S. Navy service, Caicos became the only Colony-class frigate to serve in another navy after completing her British service.^[9]

Argentine Navy, 1947–1970

Frigate, 1948–1960

The ship was incorporated into the Argentine Navy on 4 August 1947, and assigned the name ARA Trinidad (P-34) in memory of ARA Santísima Trinidad, an Argentine Navy brigantine of 1815–1816 that saw action in the Argentine War of Independence. Commander (S)^[10] D. Rodolfo A. Muzzio initiated a campaign to assign the full name Santísima Trinidad to her, and she became ARA Santísima Trinidad (P-34) on 3 October 1950.^[11]

Photographic evidence indicates{{Original research inline|date=June 2013}} that in Argentine service her original {{convert|3|in|mm|adj=on|0}}/50 caliber guns were replaced by three {{convert|105|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} L45 Bofors dual-purpose guns in shielded mounts; Argentina took delivery of 38 of these guns beginning in 1945. Probably around the time of her conversion to a survey ship (see below) the 20mm Oerlikon mounts around the forward superstructure were landed in favor of four single 40 mm Bofors and the aft 105 mm gun was landed.{{According to whom|date=June 2013}} According to Janes Fighting Ships, her armament in Argentine service as Santísima Trinidad consisted of two 105 mm (4.1 in) guns, eight 40 mm antiaircraft guns, 1 Hedgehog antisubmarine mortar, and six depth charge throwers.^[17] Conway{{'}}s states that she had four 47 mm antiaircraft guns instead of eight 40 mm antiaircraft guns.^[24]

Survey ship, 1963–1969

Starting in 1962, Río Santiago Shipyard (AFNE) converted Santísima Trinidad into a survey ship.^[25] The conversion included disarming her, installing eight specialised cabinets, nine probe basins, and a helicopter landing platform, as well as a general refit.^[25] She was reclassified as a survey vessel (in Spanish Buque de Investigacion) and renamed ARA Comodoro Augusto Lasserre (Q-9),^[13]^[25] There was a spelling error in the original decree, which called her "Laserre" instead of "Lasserre"; this was corrected in 1964.^[25]

She was recommissioned as a survey ship on 27 January 1964.^[25] She undertook hydrographic surveys each year from 1964 to 1968. In 1968 she ran aground near Lion Island (Isla Leones) in the Palmer Archipelago during a storm. After she was refloated, she was inspected at Puerto Belgrano, and it was recommended that she be taken out of service. She was struck from the navy list on 20 February 1969. Her decommissioning ceremony was in March 1969,^[25] and she was sold for scrapping in 1971.^[11]^[14]^[25]

Commanding officers

Royal Navy

Argentine Navy

The commanding officers of ARA Trinidad and ARA Santisima Trinidad (P-34) were:^[11]

Note: Capitán de fragata is the Spanish translation of "commander", while capitán de corbeta is the Spanish translation of "lieutenant commander."

References

1. ^¹²³⁴⁵uboat.net HMS Caicos (K 505)
2. ^¹²Times of the Islands, the International Magazine of the Turks & Caicos Islands, Summer 2007
3. ^According to uboat.net HMS Caicos (K 505), Caicos is not listed as an active unit on the October 1945 Navy List, strongly implying that the Royal Navy decommissioned her sometime earlier that year.
4. ^Page 6, Janes Fighting Ships 1963–64
5. ^Maritime Commission Design S2-S2-AQ1, General Description
Ship building history Walsh-Kaiser Company, Inc.
The Leander Project – World War II Frigates
6. ^¹Ship building history Walsh-Kaiser Company, Inc.
7. ^Visit Grand Turk – History of the Turks and Caicos Islands
8. ^Act/Yeoman of Signals Leslie A Russell, C/JX 298130, was listed as killed on Friday, 30 June 1944, per Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies, 1922–present, researched & compiled by Don Kindell – 15–30 June 1944;
Act/Able Seaman William A Sewell, C/JX 406285, was listed as died during war service on Friday, 23 February 1945, per Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies, 1922–present, researched & compiled by Don Kindell – February 1945
9. ^See the list of fates of Colony-class frigates and Tacoma-class patrol frigates at Gardiner, Robert, ed., Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922-1946, New York: Mayflower Books, 1980, {{ISBN|0-8317-0303-2}}, pp. 62, 148-149, and the fates of Colony-class frigates and Tacoma-class patrol frigates listed at Navsource Patrol Frigate (PF) Index.
10. ^Capitan de Fragata Contador has been translated into English as "Commander(S)", the S standing for "Supply and Services". Before 26 October 1944 this rank was known in English as "Paymaster Commander".
11. ^¹²³⁴Fragata Santisima Trinidad 1948
12. ^Pabellón de combate has been translated as "battle honour".
13. ^¹²Page 7, Janes Fighting Ships 1963–64
14. ^¹Page 9, Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995.
15. ^U-boat.net
16. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷Historia y Arqueologia Marítima, Buque de Investigaciones A.R.A. "Comodoro Lasserre" 1963–1969 Q-9

External links