| 词条 | HMS Charger (1894) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Charger was a {{sclass-|Charger|destroyer}} which served with the Royal Navy. She was launched by Yarrow Shipbuilders at Poplar, London on 15 September 1894,[1] served in home waters and was sold off in 1912. Construction and designOn 12 October 1893, the British Admiralty placed an order for three torpedo boat destroyers (Charger, {{HMS|Dasher|1894|2}} and {{HMS|Hasty|1894|2}}) with the shipbuilder Yarrow under the 1893–1894 shipbuilding programme for the Royal Navy as a follow-on to the two prototype destroyers ({{HMS|Havock|1893|2}} and {{HMS|Hornet|1893|2}}) ordered from Yarrows under the 1892–1893 programme.[2]{{#tag:ref|Three more destroyers were ordered from Thornycroft on the same date, while a further 30 destroyers were later ordered from other shipbuilders under the same programme.[3]|group=lower-alpha}} The Admiralty did not specify a standard design for destroyers, laying down broad requirements, including a trial speed of {{convert|27|kn|mph km/h}}, a "turtleback"{{#tag:ref|A fore deck with exaggerated camber designed to throw off sea water at high speeds.[4]|group=lower-alpha}} forecastle and armament, which was to vary depending on whether the ship was to be used in the torpedo boat or gunboat role.[5] As a torpedo boat, the planned armament was a single QF 12 pounder 12 cwt ({{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), together with a secondary gun armament of three 6-pounder guns, and two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes. As a gunboat, one of the torpedo tubes could be removed to accommodate a further two six-pounders.[6][7] Yarrow's design was {{convert|150|ft|0|in}} long overall and {{convert|190|ft|8|in|m}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|18|ft|6|in|m}} and a draught of {{convert|11|ft|3|in|m}}. Displacement was {{convert|255|LT|t}} light and {{convert|295|LT|t}} full load. Two locomotive boilers fed steam at {{convert|180|psi|kPa}} to two three-cylinder triple expansion engines.[8] The machinery was rated at {{convert|3000|ihp|kW}}.[9] Two funnels were fitted.[8] Charger was laid down at Yarrow's Poplar, London shipyard in November 1893 as Yard number 991 and was launched on 15 September 1894.[8] She reached a speed of {{convert|27.98|kn|mph km/h}} during sea trials.[10] She was completed in January 1896, at a cost of £41,133.[8] Locomotive boilers were being made obsolete by water-tube boilers by the time of her completion, and she was refitted at Earle's Shipbuilding in 1899–1890 with water-tube boilers changing to a three-funneled configuration.[8]Service historyIn 1896 Charger was in reserve at Portsmouth.[11] In July 1901, she took part in that year's Naval Manoeuvres.[12] Charger was commissioned at Devonport by Lieutenant Robert William Francis Travers on 11 March 1902,[13] for service with the Devonport instructional flotilla.[14] Travers was reassigned to the battleship {{HMS|Nile|1888|2}} the following month, when Lieutenant G. H. Brown was appointed in command of Charger.[15] She took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII.[16] Notes1. ^The Times (London), Monday, 17 September 1894, p.8 {{reflist}}2. ^{{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|pp=40, 43}} 3. ^{{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|p=19}} 4. ^{{harvnb|Gardiner|Lambert|1992|p=188}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Lyon|2001| p= 20}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Lyon| 2001| pp=98–99}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=40}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|p=56}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=290}} 10. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1897|p=321}} 11. ^{{cite magazine|title=Naval Matters: Past and Prospective: The Reserve of Ships and Men|magazine=The Marine Engineer|date=July 1896|page=155|volume=18}} 12. ^{{Harvnb|Brassey|1902|pp=86–87, 90–91}} 13. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Thursday |date=20 March 1902 |page_number=10 |issue=36720| }} 14. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Wednesday |date=12 March 1902 |page_number=7 |issue=36713| }} 15. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence|day_of_week=Monday |date=21 April 1902 |page_number=6 |issue=36747| }} 16. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval Review at Spithead |day_of_week=Friday |date=15 August 1902 |page_number=5 |issue=36847| }} References
4 : Charger-class destroyers|Ships built in Poplar|1894 ships|A-class destroyers (1913) |
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