“HMS Colchester (1744)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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HMS Colchester (1744)

释义

Shipwreck
Notes
References

{{other ships|HMS Colchester}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=

Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career

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Ship country=Great Britain

Ship flag=

Ship name=HMS Colchester

Ship ordered=6 September 1742

Ship builder=Barnard, Harwich

Ship laid down=

Ship launched=14 August 1744

Ship acquired=

Ship commissioned=

Ship decommissioned=

Ship in service=

Ship out of service=

Ship renamed=

Ship struck=

Ship reinstated=

Ship honours=

Ship captured=

Ship fate=Wrecked, 21 October 1744

Ship status=

Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=^[1]

Ship class=1741 proposals 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line

Ship tons burthen=976

140|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} (gundeck)

40|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}

Ship draught=

17|ft|2+1/2|in|m|1|abbr=on}}

Ship sail plan=Full rigged ship

Ship propulsion=Sails

Ship complement=

Ship armament=*50 guns:

Gundeck: 22 × 24 pdrs
Upper gundeck: 22 × 12 pdrs
Quarterdeck: 4 × 6 pdrs
Forecastle: 2 × 6 pdrs

Ship notes=
}}

HMS Colchester was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built at Harwich according to the dimensions specified in the 1741 proposals of the 1719 Establishment, and launched on 14 August 1744.^[1]

Shipwreck

After being commissioned under Captain Frederick Cornewall, Colchester took aboard a pilot to guide the ship out of the Nore anchorage and on to the Downs. Sailing on Sunday 21 October 1744, the ship ran aground between Long Sand and the Kentish Knock, and became stuck in weather that was 'not at all tempestuous.'^[3] A boat was sent back to the shore the following morning for help, and whilst the crew waited for it to return, another ship from the Nore arrived to offer assistance, having heard Colchester's cannons being fired in a signal of distress. The would-be rescuer was however kept from the stricken ship by the wind.^[2]

In the afternoon of Monday 22 October, the fore and mizzen masts were cut away in an effort to prevent the ship working herself to pieces. This was deemed insufficient, for Captain Cornewall had the ship scuttled. That evening the main mast was also cut away as it was feared the ship might overset. With water now filling the ship, the crew were crammed onto the weather decks and bowsprit; on Tuesday morning lots were drawn to decide who could use the ship's longboat to get to safety. In spite of this, the ship's surgeon and 30 others took the longboat whilst the crew were drawing their lots; the boat subsequently sank, drowning 13. Four others who had jumped for the boat but missed were also drowned.^[2]

The boat Colchester had sent away in the morning of 22 October returned with six fishing vessels on 23 October, but they were unable to come to the ship's aid until the following morning when the sea, which had worked up a little overnight, had calmed again. The captain and 365 men were saved; approximately 40 men and one lieutenant were lost in total.^[2]

The court-martial for the loss of Colchester was held aboard {{HMS|Royal Sovereign|1728|6}} on 14 February 1745. The pilot taken on to guide the ship to the Downs was sentenced to 12 months in the Marshalsea prison.^[2]

Notes

1. ^¹Lavery, Ships of the Line vol. 1, p. 172.
2. ^¹²³⁴Ships of the Old Navy, Colchester.

References

Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. {{ISBN|0-85177-252-8}}.
Michael Phillips. Colchester (50) (1744). Michael Phillips' Ships of the Old Navy. Retrieved 9 August 2008.

4 : Ships of the line of the Royal Navy|1744 ships|Maritime incidents in 1744|Ships built in Harwich

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