| 词条 | HMS Defender (1911) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
ConstructionDefender was laid down at William Denny & Brothers in Dumbarton, Scotland on 7 November 1910, launched on 30 August 1911 and completed in January 1912.[3] Her total cost was £83,000.[4] Capable of {{convert|27|kn|km/h}}, she carried two {{convert|4|in|mm|0|adj=on}} guns, other smaller guns and {{convert|21|in|mm|adj=on}} torpedo tubes and had a complement of 70 men. Operational historyPre-World War OneDefender and her sisters formed the First Destroyer Flotilla and were attached to the Grand Fleet in 1914. Battle of Heligoland BightOn 28 August 1914 the Royal Navy and the Imperial German Navy met at the Battle of Heligoland Bight. When the German Destroyer V-187 was hit by eight British destroyers and sank with heavy loss of life, Defender stopped to pick up survivors. The reappearance of the German cruiser SMS Stettin caused two of her boats to be left behind. Their crews were lucky to be rescued by the British submarine E4. Short of space, the captain of E4 embarked three German prisoners and supplied the boats with water, biscuits, a compass, and a course to steer, and they returned safely to base.[5][6] On 23 November 1914, the British battleships {{HMS|Russell|1901|2}} and {{HMS|Exmouth|1901|2}} bombarded the German-occupied Belgian port of Zeebrugge, which was being used as a base for German submarines. Defender was one of eight destroyers detached from the Harwich Force to reinforce the escort for the operation, joining six destroyers of the Dover Patrol and four French destroyers. The operation was unchallenged by the German defences, but little damage was done to the port.[7] Battle of Dogger BankDefender was present at the Battle of Dogger Bank on 24 January 1915 with the First Destroyer Flotilla, led by the light cruiser Aurora.[8]Battle of JutlandOn the night of 31 May - 1 June 1916 Defender took an active part in the Battle of Jutland, with the First Destroyer Flotilla operating in support of Beatty's battlecruiser force.[9] At about 18:30 she was struck in the forward boiler room by a single 12 inch (305 mm) shell, killing one man and wounding two. Although the shell failed to explode, it knocked out the boiler room, reducing the ship's speed to about {{convert|15|kn}}, forcing her out of formation with the rest of her Flotilla.[10] On restoring power (about 19:15) she took the damaged Onslow in tow and made Aberdeen the next day. Her captain, Lieutenant Commander L R Palmer received the Distinguished Service Order. The event was described in detail by Rudyard Kipling, in Sea Warfare under the heading Towing Under Difficulties. The report on the battle by Admiral Beatty stated that: {{quote|Defender, whose speed had been reduced to 10 knots, while on the disengaged side of the battle cruisers, was struck by a shell which damaged her foremost boiler, but closed Onslow and took her in tow. Shells were falling all round them during this operation, which, however, was successfully accomplished. During the heavy weather of the ensuing night the tow parted twice, but was resecured. The two struggled on together until 1p.m. 1st June, when Onslow was transferred to tugs. I consider the performances of these two destroyers to be gallant in the extreme, and I am recommending Lieutenant-Commander J. C. Tovey of Onslow, and Lieutenant Commander Palmer of Defender, for special recognition...|Admiral David Beatty[11]}}Lieutenant Commander Palmer wrote after the battle that Onslow had signalled Defender with the following message: {{quote|We all Captain, officers and ship’s company thank you very much for your kind and most efficient assistance and wish you all possible luck and a long leave|Onslow to Defender[12]}}She was transferred to the 3rd Battle Squadron in 1916 and survived the war. DisposalDefender was laid up and sold to Rees of Llanelly for breaking up on 4 November 1921.[13]Pennant numbers
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=10907 |title=HMS Defender at Clydebuilt Database |accessdate=2008-10-17}} 2. ^Colledge 2006, p.105. 3. ^Friedman 2009, p. 306. 4. ^Brown 2000, p. 22. 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bobhenneman.info/bhhb.htm |title=Battle of Heligoland Bight, Naval History website by Bob Henneman |accessdate=2008-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208104803/http://www.bobhenneman.info/bhhb.htm|archivedate=2012-02-08 }} 6. ^Massie 2007, pp. 104–105. 7. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 28|1925|pp=66–69}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/dboob.htm |title=Battle of Dogger Bank - Order of Battle (World War 1 Naval Combat website) |accessdate=2009-03-08}} 9. ^{{cite web|last=Corbett|first=Julian S.|title=History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Volume III (Part 2 of 2)|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Book-RN3b.htm|accessdate=31 January 2014|year=2013|origyear=Originally published by Longmans, Green and Co.: London, 1921}} 10. ^Campbell 1998, pp. 161, 340, 396–397. 11. ^Admiral Beatty, The Beatty Papers, vol. 1, B.McL. Ranft, ed, Navy Records Society, 1989, p 323 12. ^Letter from Lt Cdr L R Palmer Royal Navy to his brother (original deposited with Imperial War Museum), 1916. 13. ^1 Dittmar and Colledge 1970, p. 62. 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gwpda.org/naval/s0440000.htm|title="Arrowsmith" List: Royal Navy WWI Destroyer Pendant Numbers|accessdate=2008-07-01}}
4 : Acheron-class destroyers of the Royal Navy|Ships built on the River Clyde|1911 ships|World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom |
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