| 词条 | HMS Gloucester (1654) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Gloucester was a 50-gun third rate {{sclass-|Speaker|frigate|0}} frigate, originally built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England during the 1650s and taken over by the Royal Navy after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The ship participated in multiple battles during the Anglo-Spanish War of 1654–60, and the Second and Third Anglo-Dutch Wars. Gloucester was wrecked in 1682 on a sandbar while carrying the Duke of York (the future James II). DescriptionGloucester had a length at the gundeck of {{convert|117|ft|m|1}}, a beam of {{convert|34|ft|10|in|m|1}}, and a depth of hold of {{convert|13|ft|6|in|m|1}}. The ship's tonnage was 755 {{fraction|11|94}} tons burthen.[1] Originally built for 50 guns, in 1667 she actually carried 57 (19 demi-cannon, 4 culverins, and 34 demi-culverins). This was raised in 1677 to 60 guns. The ship had a crew of 210–340 officers and ratings.[2]Construction and careerGloucester was the first ship in the Navy to be named after the eponymous port.[3] Part of the 1652 Naval Programme, the ship was ordered on December 1652. She was built at Limehouse under the direction of Master Shipwright Matthew Graves, and was launched in March 1653 at a cost of £5,473.[2]Battle HonoursEngagements in which HMS Gloucester took part include:[4]
The sinking of GloucesterAt around 05:30 on 6 May 1682, Gloucester struck a sandbank off Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. In a strong Easterly gale the ship was pounded against the sand until the rudder broke off and the ship was holed. The Duke of York and John Churchill (the future Duke of Marlborough) were rescued in the ship's boat. Boats from the accompanying fleet managed to save many of the crew, but around 120 sailors and passengers lost their lives. Victims of the sinking included Robert Ker, 3rd Earl of Roxburghe and Donough O'Brien, Lord Ibrackan and Sir John Hope of Hopetoun,Hope of Craighall .[5] Notes1. ^Lavery, p. 159. 2. ^1 Winfield, p. 408. 3. ^Colledge, p. 143. 4. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/surface-fleet/decommissioned/hms-gloucester|title = HMS Gloucester Royal Navy|date = 5 November 2014|accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }} 5. ^{{Cite book|title = The Correspondence of Henry Hyde, earl of Clarendon and of his brother Laurence Hyde, earl of Rochester|last = Hyde Rochester|first = Laurence|publisher = |year = |isbn = |location = |pages = NARRATIVE FROM SIR JOHN BERRY, KNIGHT, LATE COMMANDER OF HIS MAJESTY'S SHIP GLOUCESTER}} References
5 : Ships of the line of the Royal Navy|Ships built in Limehouse|Shipwrecks of England|1650s ships|Shipwrecks in the North Sea |
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