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词条 HMS Heartsease (K15)
释义

  1. Construction and commissioning

  2. Wartime service

     Convoy escort  American service 

  3. Mercantile service

  4. References

  5. Sources

  6. External links

{{other ships|HMS Heartsease}}{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country= United KingdomUnited Kingdom|naval}}Ship name= HMS HeartseaseShip ordered= 19 September 1939Ship awarded=Ship builder=*Harland and Wolff, Belfast,
  • Northern Ireland
Ship yard number=1063[1]Ship laid down= 14 November 1939Ship launched= 20 April 1940Ship completed=4 June 1940[1]Ship acquired=Ship commissioned= 4 June 1940Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned= 3 April 1942Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship identification= Pennant number: K15Ship fate=*Transferred to the US Navy 3 April 1942Ship status=Ship homeport=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=titleShip country= United States1943}}Ship name= USS CourageShip acquired= 18 March 1942Ship commissioned= 3 April 1942Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned= 22 August 1945Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship captured=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship identification= Hull number: PG-70Ship fate=*Returned to Royal Navy 23 August 1945Ship status=Ship homeport=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=titleShip country= United KingdomUnited Kingdom|naval}}Ship name= HMS HeartseaseShip recommissioned= 23 August 1945Ship decommissioned=Ship in service=Ship out of service=*Sold into merchant service 22 July 1946Ship renamed=*Roskva from 1951
  • Douglas from 1956
  • Seabird from 1958
Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship identification=Ship fate=*Sunk by Indonesian Air Force December 1958Ship status=Ship homeport=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Flower|corvette}}Ship displacement= 940 tonsShip tons burthen=208|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}33|ft|m|abbr=on}}11|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}Ship propulsion=*Two fire-tube boilers,
  • one 4-cycle triple-expansion steam engine,
  • generating {{convert|2750|hp|abbr=on}}
16|kn}}3500|nmi}} at {{convert|12|kn}}Ship endurance=Ship test depth=Ship boats=Ship capacity=Ship complement= 85Ship time to activate=Ship sensors=Ship EW=Ship armament=
  • 1 × 4-inch BL Mk.IX gun
  • 2 × 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) twin machine guns
  • 2 × 0.303-inch (7.7-mm) Lewis machine guns
  • 2 × stern depth charge racks with 40 depth charges
Ship armour=Ship aircraft=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship notes=
}}

HMS Heartsease was a {{sclass2-|Flower|corvette}} of the Royal Navy. She served with both the Royal Navy and the United States Navy during the Second World War, with the latter navy as USS Courage. She then spent several years under a succession of names in civilian service. In 1957 she was chartered on behalf of Indonesian rebels to smuggle rubber, copra and matériel. The Indonesian Air Force intercepted and sank her off the coast of Minahasa in North Sulawesi in December 1958.

Construction and commissioning

Heartsease was originally to have been named HMS Pansy, but the name was changed prior to her launch.{{sfn|Colledge|2006|p=159}} She was ordered on 19 September 1939 and laid down at the yards of Harland and Wolff, Belfast, Northern Ireland on 14 November 1939. She was launched on 20 April 1940 and commissioned into service on 20 April 1940.[2]

Wartime service

Convoy escort

Heartsease spent most of her early career escorting convoys through British waters. On 22 September 1940 she picked up 31 survivors from the Norwegian merchant {{SS|Simla}} which had been torpedoed and sunk by the German U-boat {{GS|U-100|1940|2}} west of Ireland.[2] On 15 October she rescued nine survivors from the British merchant {{SS|Thistlegarth}} which had been sunk by {{GS|U-103|1940|2}} {{convert|45|nmi|km}} west-north-west of Rockall.[2] She was then called to the assistance of the inbound Convoy SC 7, which had come under attack from a U-boat wolfpack and was sustaining heavy losses. On arrival Heartsease was assigned to escort the damaged {{SS|Carsbreck}} into port.[3] On 23 December she collided with the {{sclass2-|Hunt|destroyer}} {{HMS|Tetcott|L99|6}} in the Irish Sea. Both ships were saved and towed into port. A subsequent enquiry placed the blame on the captain of Heartsease.[4]

American service

She was transferred to the US Navy on 3 April 1942 with Lt. Christopher Sylvanus Barker, Jr. USN commanding and renamed USS Courage.[2] She patrolled the western Atlantic for most of her career as a United States ship, escorting convoys from as far north as Greenland to as far south as Argentina. From 24 January 1945, she was stationed at Iceland. She was returned to the Royal Navy on 23 August 1945, after the end of the war.[5]

Mercantile service

She was put up for disposal and was sold into civilian service on 22 July 1946. She was renamed Roskva in 1951, Douglas in 1956 and finally Seabird in 1958.

A Norwegian crew took her to the Far East as Douglas.{{sfn|Conboy|Morrison|1999|p=27}} In the latter part of 1957 a Chinese-Indonesian businessman, A.P. Lim, engaged her and her Norwegian captain to smuggle raw rubber from Sumatra to Johor on the Malay Peninsula{{sfn|Conboy|Morrison|1999|p=28}} and later to Singapore.{{sfn|Conboy|Morrison|1999|p=29}} Lim's client was the PRRI ("Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia") right-wing rebel movement,{{sfn|Conboy|Morrison|1999|p=28}} which was smuggling rubber out of Sumatra to fund its rebellion against the Indonesian government of President Sukarno.

Early in 1958 Indonesian forces defeated the PRRI in its main strongholds and ports on Sumatra, reducing its rebellion to a residual guerilla war. However, the PRRI was allied with the Permesta rebel movement in North Sulawesi, which was supported by Taiwan. In December 1958 Douglas, now renamed Seabird, smuggled a cargo of small arms, ammunition and M20 recoilless rifles from Taiwan{{sfn|Conboy|Morrison|1999|p=157}} to Bolaang Bay on the coast of Minahasa.{{sfn|Conboy|Morrison|1999|p=158}} There she began to load a cargo of copra,{{sfn|Conboy|Morrison|1999|p=158}} which Permesta was smuggling out of Minahasa to fund its rebellion. However, before she could start her voyage the Indonesian Air Force found Seabird and sank her.{{sfn|Conboy|Morrison|1999|p=158}}

Seabird was announced missing in December 1958[2] and a month later she was declared lost in the Celebes Sea, with the cause of her loss officially declared as "unknown".[6]

References

1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=McCluskie|first1=Tom|title=The Rise and Fall of Harland and Wolff|date=2013|publisher=The History Press|location=Stroud|isbn=9780752488615|page=148}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4801.html|title=HMS Heartsease (K 15)|date=1995–2012|last=Helgason|first=Guðmundur|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net|accessdate=9 August 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/sc/index.html?sc.php?convoy=7!~scmain |last=Kindell |first=Don |work=Arnold Hague Convoy Database |title=Convoy SC.7}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hmstetcott.com/comm.php |last=Dymond |first=S.P. |work=HMS Tetcott 1941 – 1957 |title=Operational History Commissioning |publisher=Holsworthy Museum |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724084040/http://www.hmstetcott.com/comm.php |archivedate=24 July 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
5. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.historycentral.com/NAVY/PF/Courage.html |title=Courage PG-70 |work=US Naval Ships History |publisher=historycentral.com}}
6. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.britainsnavy.co.uk/FF/Flower%20Class%20(1940)%20SL%20Ships.htm |last=King |first=Ian M |title=Flower Class (1940) Corvette UK Built Ships |work=Britain's Navy Fighting Ships Operations History |publisher=Ian M King |date=23 February 2012}}

Sources

  • {{Colledge}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Conboy |first1=Kenneth |last2=Morrison |first2=James |title=Feet to the Fire CIA Covert Operations in Indonesia, 1957–1958 |year=1999 |location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=1-55750-193-9 |pages= |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book |last=Coy |first=Peter |year= |title=The Echo of a Fighting Flower |location= |publisher= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aWyCp-L6HUEC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=HMS+Heartsease&source=web&ots=C4vd_FSgCI&sig=3GSvozzUAOAUsm07pV3lC4kWHF4&hl=en |page=25 |ref=harv}}

External links

  • HMS Heartsease at Uboat.net
  • Hyperwar: USS Courage (PG-70)
{{Flower class corvette|original}}{{December 1940 shipwrecks}}{{1958 shipwrecks}}{{coord missing|Indian Ocean}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Heartsease, HMS}}

12 : Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Navy|Temptress-class gunboats|Ships built in Belfast|World War II corvettes of the United Kingdom|1940 ships|Maritime incidents in December 1940|Guided Democracy in Indonesia|Maritime incidents in 1958|Maritime incidents in Indonesia|Corvettes sunk by aircraft|Shipwrecks in the Celebes Sea|Ships built by Harland and Wolff
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