“HMS Hornet (1794)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

HMS Hornet was a 16-gun ship-rigged sloop of the Cormorant class in the Royal Navy, ordered 18 February 1793, built by Marmaduke Stalkart and launched 3 February 1794 at Rotherhithe.^[1] Hornet saw most of her active duty during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Napoleonic Wars she served for about six years as a hospital ship before being laid up in 1811 and sold in 1817.

Service

On 10 March 1798 the Admiralty published a list of six vessels that {{HMS|Daedalus|1780|2}}, under Captain Henry Lidgbird Ball, and Hornet had captured off Gorée:^[7]

Daedalus and letters of marque Ellis and St Ann shared, by agreement, in the capture of Quaker (December 1797) and Ocean (January 1798).^[8]^[9]Ellis was almost surely the ship that received her warrant on 18 September 1797. She was under the command of James Soutar, was of 303 tons burthen, and was armed with sixteen 8, 9, and 12-pounder guns. She is listed as having had only 30 crew. St Ann is in all probability the St Anne that received her warrant on 30 September 1797. She was under the command of Robert James, was of 243 tons burthen, and was armed with sixteen 9-pounders. She too had a crew of 30 men.[https://web.archive.org/web/20100816121349/http://www.1812privateers.org/GB/marque1793-1815.htm]|group=Note}}

Hornet was refitted for £3,554 at Portsmouth in June and July 1799.^[4] In August Hornet was part of the British fleet that captured the Dutch fleet in the Vlieter Incident.{{refn|In February 1802 prize money was payable for the captures on 28 August that amounted to 6s 8d for a seaman.^[10] Payment for the captures on 30 August came later, in December 1802.^[11]|group=Note}}

Nash then sailed Hornet to the West Indies. In 1800 she accompanied a convoy to the West Indies.

While at Guadeloupe in October, a boat from Hornet attempted to press some men off the New Ceres, whose crew resisted, killing Hornet{{'}}s second lieutenant, and wounding another crewman. The next day Hornet tried again, this time in force, but all the crew except the chief mate and steward had disappeared. Captain Nash turned the two men over to the civil authorities.^[12]

On 27 November 1800, Hornet captured the French privateer Femme Divorcee.^[13] On 16 October Hornet captured the French privateer Mahomet.{{refn|The prize money for commissioned officers was £sd3 11s 4d; the prize money for an able seaman was 4s 2d.^[14]|group=Note}}

On 15 January 1801, the 20-gun {{HMS|Daphne|1776|2}}, Captain Richard Matson, 18-gun ship-sloops {{HMS|Cyane|1796|2}} and Hornet, captains Henry Matson and John Nash, and the {{HMS|Garland|1798|2}} (a schooner serving as a tender), were at an anchor in the harbour of the Îles des Saintes. The British observed a convoy of French coasters, with an armed schooner as escort, sailing towards Vieux-Fort, Guadeloupe. At midnight Garland, together with two boats from each of the other three vessels, attempted to cut out the convoy. However, all of the convoy, but one, were able to shelter under the guns of Basse-Terre. The British were able to take the one French vessel that had anchored near Vieux-Fort.^[18]

On 17 January, boats from Hornet, together with boats from Daphne, set out to cut out a ship moored under the protection of shore batteries at Trois-Rivières, Guadeloupe. This was Eclair, a schooner that had recently sailed from Rochefort. Eclair was of 145 tons, had a crew of 45 men, and was armed with four 4-pounder guns and twenty 1½-pounder brass swivel guns, though she was pierced for 12 guns. A party from Garland succeeded in taking Eclair the next day. Fire from the schooner killed two men and wounded another. The French lost one seaman killed, two drowned, and her captain, first and second lieutenants, and six men wounded.^[15] The British took her into service as the 10-gun {{HMS|Eclair|1801|6}}.

In March, Hornet participated in Rear Admiral Duckworth's successful attack on the islands of St. Bartholomew and St. Martin. On 23 March, Hornet and the 16-gun hired armed brig Fanny, later joined by 14-gun {{HMS|Drake|1798|2}}, attempted to capture two privateers, a brig and a schooner, but were unsuccessful though they chased the privateers for some 24 hours.^[20] The 32-gun frigate {{HMS|Proselyte|1796|2}}, Hornet, and Drake stayed at St. Martin to secure the island and to embark the garrison on 26 March, while the rest of Duckworth's force went on to St Thomas.^[16] The proceeds of the property seized at St. Bartholomew, St. Martin, St. Thomas, and St. Croix between 15 March and 17 April was paid out in January 1804.^[17]

At some point thereafter, Hornet was in company with {{HMS|Apollo|1799|2}} when they captured the Spanish vessel Aguilla.^[18]

In August 1802 Hornet came under the command of Lieutenant Robert Tucker. Next month Commander Peter Hunt replaced Tucker.^[4]

In June 1803, Hornet was in Commodore Samuel Hood's squadron at the capture of St. Lucia.^[19] The squadron, including Hornet, went on to capture Tobago on 25 June.^[20] On 3 September Hornet captured a Dutch ship, whose name was not recorded, that was carrying 410 slaves.^[21]

Then in September Hood went on to take the colonies of Demerara and Essequibo from the Batavian Republic. On 20 September Hornet, the schooner {{HMS|Netley|1798|2}}, and 200 troops entered the Demerara River and took possession of Fort William Frederick. At the capitulation, the British took over the Batavian Republic's sole warship there, {{HMS|Hippomenes|1803|2}}.^[22] In 1804 Commander John Lawrence took command of Hornet.^[4]

Fate

Paid off in 1804 from active service, Hornet was fitted at Plymouth between September 1804 and July 1805 for the Medical Military Staff, and was commissioned in June 1805 under Lieutenant Charles Williams as a hospital ship in the Isles of Scilly.^[4] Charles's brother, Henry Williams, fell overboard in 1810 and was drowned.^[23] He was buried in the Tresco Abbey Gardens.

Fate

Hornet finally sold on 30 October 1817 to a Mr Bailey for £920 ({{Inflation|UK|920|1817|r=0|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}).^[4]{{refn|UK Consumer Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Gregory Clark (2017), "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"[https://measuringworth.com/ukearncpi/]|group=Note}}

Notable personnel

From November 1795 to September 1797, Richard Spencer, a future hero of the Napoleonic Wars and Australian pioneer, served as a midshipman on Hornet.

Notes, citations, and references

1. ^There was a second HMS Hornet (1796); she was a purchased Dutch hoy that was in service for about a year.
2. ^{{London Gazette|page=665|issue=13680|date=1 July 1794}}
3. ^{{London Gazette|page=1110|issue=13721|date=8 November 1794}}
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷Winfield (2008), p.253.
5. ^{{London Gazette|page=363|issue=13885|date=19 April 1796}}
6. ^{{London Gazette|page=690|issue=14030|date=22 July 1797}}
7. ^{{London Gazette|page=205|issue=14096|date=6 March 1798}}
8. ^{{London Gazette|page=509|issue=15138|date=25 May 1799}}
9. ^{{London Gazette|page=922|issue=15510|date=28 August 1802}}
10. ^{{London Gazette|page=158|issue=15453|date=13 February 1802}}
11. ^{{London Gazette|page=1350|issue=15542|date=18 December 1802}}
12. ^Naval Chronicle, Vol. 4, p.517.
13. ^{{London Gazette|page=908|issue=15509|date=24 August 1802}}
14. ^{{London Gazette|page=901|issue=16044|date=4 July 1807}}
15. ^¹James (1837), Vol. 3, pp. 133-4.
16. ^¹{{London Gazette|pages=516–517|issue=15363|date=9 May 1801}}
17. ^{{London Gazette|page=66|issue=15666|date=14 January 1804}}
18. ^{{London Gazette|page=158|issue=15428|date=17 November 1801}}
19. ^{{London Gazette|page=918|issue=15605|date=27 July 1803}}
20. ^{{London Gazette|pages=1021–1022|issue=15610|date=15 August 1803}}
21. ^{{London Gazette|page=109|issue=15669|date=24 January 1804}}
22. ^{{London Gazette|page=1573|issue=15643|date=12 November 1803}}
23. ^{{cite news |author= |title=On the 24th ult, Mr. Henry Williams aged 17... |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000177/18100303/032/0003 |newspaper=Royal Cornwall Gazette |location=Falmouth |date=3 March 1810 |access-date=26 September 2015|via = British Newspaper Archive|subscription=yes }}
24. ^{{London Gazette|date=11 January 1817|issue=17208|page=61}}