“HMS Meleager (1785)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

HMS Meleager was a 32-gun frigate that Greaves and Nickolson built in 1785 at the Quarry House yard in Frindsbury, Kent, England.^[2] She served during the French Revolutionary Wars until 1801, when she was wrecked in the Gulf of Mexico.

Career

In 1793 Lieutenant Thomas Masterman Hardy served aboard her. Meleager was among the vessels that shared in the capture, on 5 August 1793, cf the Prince Royal of Sweden.^[3]

On 16 November she and {{HMS|Romulus|1785|2}} captured the French gunboat Ca Ira.^[7]

In 1794 Sir George Cockburn commanded her. In early 1794 she was among the British vessels present when Sir David Dundas captured the town of San Fiorenzo (San Fiurenzu) in the Gulf of St. Florent in Corsica. There the British found the French frigate Minerve on 19 February 1794, and were able to refloat her. They then took her into service as a 38-gun frigate under the name {{HMS|St Fiorenzo|1794|2}}. Meleager shared in the prize money for both St Fiorenzo and for the naval stores captured in the town.^[8]

In April {{HMS|Juno|1780|2}} captured the Mars (3 April) and Aurora (15 April) in the presence of {{HMS|Courageux|1761|2}}, {{HMS|Berwick|1775|2}}, {{HMS|St George|1785|2}}, and Meleager.^[9]

Next, she took part in the Battle of Genoa (14 March 1795),^[10] and the fight at Hyeres (12 May 1795). Meleager was among the vessels that shared in the prize money for the {{Ship|French ship|Ça Ira|1781|2}}, Censeur, and Expedition (formerly {{HMS|Speedy|1782|2}}), captured during or after the raid on Genoa.^[11] The British returned Speedy to service. Around this time Meleager was among the vessels that shared in the capture of the Genoese vessel Fortuna and the tartane Concezione.^[12] They also captured the Genoese and Venetian polacres and luggers Madona del Grazzie e Consolazione, Volante de Dio, Madona del Grazzie de Padua, Buena Forte and another small vessel.^[12]

In 1796, Meleager was part of a squadron off the coast of Genoa under the command of Captain Horatio Nelson. Nelson, in {{HMS|Agamemnon|1781|2}}, led Meleager, {{HMS|Blanche|1786|2}} (32 guns), {{HMS|Diadem|1782|2}} (64 guns) and the 16-gun brig-sloop Speedy.

On 31 May 1796, the squadron chased six French vessels that Nelson believed were bringing supplies from Toulon, to be landed at St. Piere d'Acena, for the Siege of Mantua.^[14] The vessels took shelter under the guns of a battery. Meleager then led Agamemnon and the rest of the Nelson's squadron in close where the boats of the squadron could capture the French vessels, which they did. In the action, Agamemnon had one man killed and two men wounded, and Blanche had one man wounded.^[14] The French prizes consisted of two warships and five transports:

On 24 December 1796, Meleager, {{HMS|Niger|1759|2}}, {{HMS|Lively|1756|2}} and {{HMS|Fortune|1780|2}} captured the Spanish vessel Mejor Amigo.^[14] On 2 January 1797, the same vessels plus {{HMS|Raven|1796|2}} captured Nostra Senora de la Misericordia.^[15] That same day the same vessels captured the French privateer Fodroyant, for which head money was paid in August 1801.^[16]

Also in early 1797, Meleager was in company with these British vessels and some others when they captured the Spanish ship San Francisco, which was sold in Lisbon.^[17] On 30 January Meleager was among the eleven vessels that shared in the capture of the Purissima Conception.^[18]

Then on 25 February, Meleager, under Captain Charles Ogle, and {{HMS|Thalia|1782|2}} captured the Spanish ship Santa Catalina.^[19] At some point Meleager captured the Spanish ships St. Natalia and Cartada, alias Cubana.^[20] In May 1798, Meleager received the net proceeds of an insurance of ₤3000 on the Spanish ship Teresa, which she had captured on 21 February 1797.^[21]

Between end-July and end-October 1799 Meleager and Greyhound captured five more Spanish vessels:^[24]

Alone, Meleager also captured a Dutch schooner sailing from Jaquemel to Curacoa with a cargo of coffee.

Between end-October 1799 and 20 February 1800, Meleager took a number of prizes:^[25]

Meleager destroyed a number of the quite small vessels sailing from Aux Cayes to St Thomas:

Between 20 May and 3 August 1800, Meleager captured further vessels. First, she detained the American ship Gadson, which was sailing from Porto Cavello to Charleston with indigo, coffee, and tobacco. Then with Crescent and Nimrod she took a Spanish felucca sailing from Havana to Vera Cruz and a Spanish xebec sailing from Campeachy to Havana.^[27]

Captain John Perkins was made post-captain in Meleager in 1800 on the Jamaica station but less than a year later, in 1801, she came under the command of Thomas Bladen Capel.

Fate

On 9 June 1801 Capel and Meleager were cruising Bahia del Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico when just before midnight lookouts spotted breakers ahead.^[28] Even though the helmsman tried to turn her, Meleager ran hard onto a reef. Despite their best efforts, the crew could neither pull Meleager off the reef nor could the pumps keep up with the water coming in.^[28] The crew put provisions in the boats and then abandoned ship before she sank. The boats sailed to Vera Cruz. Here, in mid-July, {{HMS|Apollo|1799|2}} picked the crew up. The subsequent court martial ruled that the wreck was due to the charts on Meleager being greatly in error with respect to the location of the Triangles Shoal on which she had run aground.^[28]

Citations and references

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rmg.co.uk/upload/pdf/Warship_Histories_Vessels_viii.pdf|title=NMM, vessel ID 371278|work=Warship Histories, vol viii|publisher=National Maritime Museum|accessdate=25 February 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612053149/http://www.rmg.co.uk/upload/pdf/Warship_Histories_Vessels_viii.pdf|archivedate=12 June 2012|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^Merrily to Frendsbury-A History of the Parish of Frindsbury. Derek Barnard. Private Pub. City of Rochester Society. post 1994.
3. ^{{London Gazette|page=184|issue=13982|date=21 February 1797}}
4. ^James (Vol.I) pp. 67 - 69
5. ^{{London Gazette|issue=13572|page=799|date=16 September 1793}}
6. ^James (Vol.I) p. 69
7. ^{{London Gazette|page=676|issue=13911|date=12 July 1796}}
8. ^{{London Gazette|page=646|issue=14026|date=8 July 1797}}
9. ^{{London Gazette|page=97|issue=15226|date=28 January 1800}}
10. ^{{London Gazette|issue=13766|page=307|date=7 April 1795}}
11. ^{{London Gazette|page=549|issue=14018|date=10 June 1797}}
12. ^¹{{London Gazette|pages=1360–1361|issue=15543|date=21 December 1802}}
13. ^¹²{{London Gazette|page=682|issue=13912|date=16 July 1796}}
14. ^{{London Gazette|page=436|issue=14009|date=13 May 1797}}
15. ^{{London Gazette|page=499|issue=14014|date=30 May 1797}}
16. ^{{London Gazette|page=1062|issue=15402|date=29 August 1801}}
17. ^{{London Gazette|page=913|issue=14047|date=19 September 1797}}
18. ^{{London Gazette|page=1097|issue=14065|date=14 November 1797}}
19. ^{{London Gazette|page=1107|issue=14066|date=18 November 1797}}
20. ^{{London Gazette|page=335|issue=15009|date=21 April 1798}}
21. ^{{London Gazette|page=425|issue=15017|date=19 May 1798}}
22. ^{{London Gazette|page=955|issue=15184|date=17 September 1799}}
23. ^{{London Gazette|page=1111|issue=15296|date=23 September 1800}}
24. ^{{London Gazette|pages=46–47|issue=15222|date=14 January 1800}}
25. ^{{London Gazette|pages=417–421|issue=15253|date=29 April 1800}}
26. ^{{London Gazette|pages=825–828|issue=15277|date=19 July 1800}}
27. ^¹{{London Gazette|pages=1082–1083|issue=15295|date=20 September 1800}}
28. ^¹²Hepper (1994), p.98.