“HMS Modeste (1793)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

HMS Modeste was a 36-gun fifth rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She had previously been a ship of the French Navy under the name Modeste. Launched in France in 1786, she served during the first actions of the French Revolutionary Wars until being captured while in harbour at Genoa, in circumstances disputed by the French and British, and which created a diplomatic incident. Taken into British service she spent the rest of the French Revolutionary and most of the Napoleonic Wars under the white ensign. She served with distinction in the East Indies, capturing several privateers and enemy vessels, including the French corvette Iéna. She also saw service in a variety of roles, as a troopship, a receiving ship, and a floating battery, until finally being broken up in 1814, as the Napoleonic Wars drew to a close.

French service and capture

Drake was unsuccessful, so Hood sent Rear-Admiral John Gell to Genoa with orders to capture Modeste, the two tartanes and any other French ships. Drake was to secure assurances from the Genoese that they would comply with Hood's wishes, or failing that, Gell was to blockade the port.^[4] Gell was also to travel to Leghorn and capture the French frigate Impérieuse, and instruct the British envoy to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Lord Hervey, to demand the expulsion of the French Jacobins.^[4] To back up these demands Gell had a squadron consisting of {{HMS|St George|1785|6}}, the 74-gun ships {{HMS|Bedford|1775|6}}, {{HMS|Captain|1787|6}} and the French Scipion, and the smaller vessels {{HMS|Mermaid|1782|6}}, {{HMS|Tartar|1756|6}}, HMS ALerte, {{HMS|Speedy|1782|6}}, {{HMS|Eclair|1793|6}}, {{HMS|Conflagration|1783|6}}, and {{HMS|Vulcan|1783|6}}.^[4]

The squadron entered Genoa on 17 October and Bedford ranged alongside Modeste. Accounts then differ as to what happened next. A later French account stated that the British ship had moored alongside, and her master had civilly requested the French ship remove a boat that was hampering the British manoeuvres. The French readily agreed, but half an hour later the British captain asked the French to hoist the white flag, saying that he did not know what the tricolour was. Offended, the French refused, whereupon the British suddenly attacked the unprepared French, and captured the frigate.^[5] One British account states that Bedford came alongside and after warning the French not to resist, captured her after a short struggle, while another stated that while the fort was saluting the arrival of Rear-Admiral Gell, the French on Modeste came up on deck and behaved with such insolent gestures and language that the British attacked them.^[6] The British reported that two Frenchmen had been killed during the fighting on the tartanes, while French sources alternately reported five dead, thirty wounded, or between 30 and 40 killed.^[6] The attack outraged the Genoese, who were being threatened both by Drake and by representatives of the French republic, and created a diplomatic incident.^[6] The Genoes finally bowed to French pressure and ordered the expulsion of all foreigners, with the exception of the French. The Genoese broke all diplomatic ties; in response Gell's squadron began to blockade Genoa, capturing neutral merchants bound for the city.^[6]

British career

Modeste was taken into service with the Royal Navy, retaining her original name, and was commissioned in November 1793 under Captain Thomas Byam Martin.^[2] After some service in the Mediterranean Martin sailed her back to Britain, arriving in Portsmouth on 4 December 1794.^[2] Modeste was then laid up, until being converted to a receiving ship in 1798, and was then fitted out between August and October 1799 to sail to the Thames.^[2] On arriving at Deptford in November she was fitted out as a troopship, a process that lasted until June 1800. She was commissioned in June that year under Commander Martin Hinton as a 24-gun troopship.

She spent some time in the Mediterranean under Hinton in 1801. Because Modeste served in the navy's Egyptian campaign (8 March to 8 September 1801), her officers and crew qualified for the clasp "Egypt" to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty authorised in 1850 for all surviving claimants.{{refn|A first-class share of the prize money awarded in April 1823 was worth £34 2s 4d; a fifth-class share, that of a seaman, was worth 3s 11½d. The amount was small as the total had to be shared between 79 vessels and the entire army contingent.^[7]|group=Note}}

Soon she was back in Britain, being fitted out at Woolwich between September and October 1803 for service with Trinity House.^[2] The Navy next used her as a floating battery in 1804.^[8]

On 30 July Modeste arrived at Diamond Harbour, carrying Lord Minto who was coming to Calcutta to assume the position of Governor-General of India.^[9]

On 8 October 1808 Modeste chased down and captured the 18-gun French corvette Iéna while in the Bay of Bengal. Iéna, under the command of Captain Maurice, was bound for the Persian Gulf with despatches, and had captured several ships. When Modeste captured Iena she was carrying 25,000 dollars she had taken from a vessel named Swallow, and had also captured an Arab vessel named Frederick, which Elliot retook.^[10]{{refn|The builders Aberdeen & Hamilton had built Frederick, of 450 tons (bm), in 1803 at Tittaghur in 1803. She had then been sold to Arabs.^[11]|group=Note}} Iéna had mistaken Modeste for another merchant vessel and had tried to close on her. On discovering her mistake she had tried to escape, but had been caught after a nine-hour chase and an exchange of fire that left four or five Frenchmen dead or wounded, and one man killed and one wounded on Modeste.^[10]

On 28 January 1808 Modeste was back at Calcutta. News had been received of the outbreak of war between Great Britain and Denmark. Elliot sent his boats, together with those of {{HMS|Terpsichore|1785|2}} and {{HMS|Dasher|1797|2}} up the Hooghly River to Serampore to seize the Danish merchant vessels there.^[13] One of the captured vessels was Maria, which in November 1808 a prize court awarded to Modeste.^[14]

On 15 July 1809 boats from Modeste and {{HMS|Barracouta|1807|6}} cut out the 8-gun Tuijneelar in the Sunda Straits.^[2] Elliot then took part in the operations to capture Java between August and September 1811.^[2]^[15] Elliot left Modeste in 1812, and was succeeded by Captain James Crawford, who on 6 February 1813 captured the 14-gun privateer Furet off Sicily.^[2]

Fate

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

1. ^{{London Gazette|issue=21077|pages=791–792|date=15 March 1850}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰{{cite book |last=Winfield |title=British Warships of the Age of Sail |page=191}}
3. ^{{cite book |last=Debrett|title=A Collection of State Papers|page=353}}
4. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book |last=Rose|title=Lord Hood and the Defence of Toulon|page=47}}
5. ^{{cite book |last=Jomini|title=Life of Napoleon|pages=84–5}}
6. ^¹²³{{cite book |last=Rose|title=Lord Hood and the Defence of Toulon|page=48}}
7. ^{{London Gazette|page=633 |issue=17915|date=3 April 1823}}
8. ^¹{{cite book |last=Colledge |title=Ships of the Royal Navy |page=230}}
9. ^The Asiatic Annual Register, Or, A View of the History of Hindustan, and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia, (1811), Volume 10, p.8.
10. ^¹{{cite book |last=Campbell |title=The Asiatic Annual Register |page=88}}
11. ^Phipps (1840), p.100.
12. ^The Asiatic Annual Register, Or, A View of the History of Hindustan, and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia, (1811), Volume 10, pp.33-4.
13. ^Seton-Karr & Sandeman (1868), Vol. 4, p.196.
14. ^The Asiatic Annual Register, Or, A View of the History of Hindustan, and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia, (1811), Volume 10, pp.101.
15. ^{{cite book |chapter=Elliot, Sir George (1784–1863)|chapterurl=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8657?docPos=1|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8657|subscription=yes}}

French service and capture

British career

Fate

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

Citations

References