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词条 HMS Pandora (N42)
释义

  1. Design

  2. History

     Service in the Second World War 

  3. Sinking

  4. Notes

  5. References

{{other ships|HMS Pandora}}{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image= Hms pandora submarine.jpgShip caption= HMS Pandora
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=United KingdomUnited Kingdom|naval}}Ship name= HMS PandoraShip namesake=PandoraShip ordered= 7 February 1928Ship awarded=Ship builder=Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow in FurnessShip original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down= 9 July 1928Ship launched= 22 August 1929Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned= 30 June 1930Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship identification=Pennant number: N42Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship captured=Ship fate= Sunk by aircraft, 1 April 1942Ship status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Parthian|submarine}}Ship type=Ship tonnage=1475|LT|t|abbr=on}} surfaced
  • {{convert|2040|LT|t|abbr=on}} submerged
260|ft|m|abbr=on}}28|ft|m|abbr=on}}Ship height=13|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on}}Ship propulsion=*Diesel-electric
  • 2 Admiralty diesel engines, {{convert|4400|hp|kW|abbr=on}}
  • 2 Electric motors, {{convert|1530|hp|kW|abbr=on}}
  • 2 shafts
17.5|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
  • {{convert|9|kn}} submerged
8500|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}}Ship endurance=Ship test depth=Ship complement=59Ship sensors=Ship EW=21|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (6 bow, 2 stern)
  • 1 × {{convert|4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} deck gun
  • 2 × machine guns
Ship armour=Ship notes=
}}
HMS Pandora was a British {{sclass-|Parthian|submarine}} commissioned in 1930 and lost in 1942 during the Second World War. This class was the first to be fitted with Mark VIII torpedoes. On 4 July 1940 she torpedoed and sank the French aviso Rigault de Genouilly off the Algerian coast. In an extension of the Lend-Lease program, Pandora, along with three other British and French submarines, was overhauled at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in the United States.[1] She was sunk on 1 April 1942 by Italian aircraft at the Valletta dockyard, Malta.[2][2]

Design

The Parthian class was designed as an improvement of the earlier {{sclass-|Odin|submarine|4}};[3] the new class was larger, built with a raked stem, and given a shield to cover the 4-inch gun.[2] The class had a design flaw in that the riveted external fuel tanks leaked, leaving an oil trail on the surface.[4]

All submarines of the Parthian class were fitted with eight {{convert|21|in|mm|adj=on|0}} torpedo tubes, one QF {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|0}} Mk XII deck gun, and two machine guns.[2][3] The class was the first to be outfitted with the Mark VIII torpedo.[5] Submarines of the Parthian class were designed for a complement of 53 officers and men.[3]

History

Pandora was ordered on 7 February 1928.[6] She was laid down on 9 July 1928 and built by Vickers-Armstrongs in the port of Barrow-in-Furness.[6][3] She was launched on 22 August 1929[3] before being commissioned on 30 June 1930.[6] Pandora was initially named Python; however, her name was changed in 1928 because of a distaste for serpent-named ships in the Royal Navy.{{refn|Suspicion of ships named after snakes began with the 1890 loss of {{HMS|Serpent|1887|6}} and 173 men.[16] In 1901 {{HMS|Viper|1899|2}} and {{HMS|Cobra|1899|2}} were lost within 6 weeks of each other.[16] Snake names were not used again by the Royal Navy. |group=Note}} The tenth ship to have this name, Pandora was named after the mythological first woman.[16]

In December 1930, Pandora cruised to China from Portsmouth. She arrived in Hong Kong in February 1931 and served in the China Station from 1931—1940.[16] In 1940, Pandora became part of the First Submarine Flotilla along with {{HMS|Parthian|N75|2}}, {{HMS|Phoenix|N96|2}}, {{HMS|Proteus|N29|2}}, {{HMS|Grampus|N56|2}}, {{HMS|Rorqual|N74|2}}, {{HMS|Odin|N84|2}}, {{HMS|Orpheus|N46|2}}, {{HMS|Olympus|N35|2}}, {{HMS|Otus|N92|2}}, {{HMS|Otway||2}}, {{HMS|Osiris|N67|2}}, and the depot ship {{HMS|Medway|F25|2}}.[7]

Service in the Second World War

Pandora patrolled the Mediterranean from 1940 to 1942. She began her service in the Eastern Mediterranean in June 1940. In July, she was tasked with operations against the French Fleet near Oran off the coast of Algeria. On 4 July 1940, she sank the French ship, {{ship|French aviso|Rigault de Genouilly||2}} near Algiers. During August, Pandora delivered supplies to the blockaded island of Malta.[2][16]

The {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Cosenz||2|up=yes}} attacked Pandora with a depth charge in September, but Pandora survived the attack. In January 1941, she sank three vessels:[8] {{SS|Palma|1919|6}} south of Sardinia, {{SS|Valdivagna|1919|6}}, and one other ship near Cape Spartivento in Calabria.[2]

Sinking

Pandora arrived in Malta on 31 March 1942 to unload her stores. A bombing raid took place on 1 April 1942 while she was unloading, but the decision was made to continue the process to save time. Pandora took two direct bomb hits and was sunk. The survivors were on board the submarine {{HMS|Olympus|N35|2}} when she was destroyed by a naval mine.[9] Of the 98 crew and passengers in Olympus, there were only 9 survivors.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

{{Commons category|HMS Pandora (N42)}}

Notes

1. ^{{cite book |last=Watterson |first=Rodney |title=32 in '44: Building the Portsmouth Submarine Fleet in World War II |year=2011 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis |isbn=978-1-59114-953-8 |pages=7–8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xNXLMRu0zNQC&pg=PA8 |accessdate=25 August 2012}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.britsub.net/html/parthian_class.html |title=Parthian Class Early Patrol Submarines |publisher=BriTsuB |accessdate=23 June 2012}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922–1946 |year=1980 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=London |page=48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJBMBvyQ83EC&pg=PA48 |editor-first=Robert |editor-last=Gardiner |editor2-first=Roger |editor2-last=Chesnau |accessdate=2 August 2011}}
4. ^{{cite book |last=Brown |first=David K |title=Nelson to Vanguard: Warship Design and Development, 1923–1945 |year=2000 |publisher=Chatham Publishing |location=London |page=109 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iWq6i3G4mMMC&pg=PA109 |accessdate=25 August 2012}}
5. ^{{cite book |last=Ward |first=John |title=Submarines of World War II |year=2001 |publisher=Brown Partworks Limited |location=St. Paul |isbn=0-7603-1170-6 |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aADblM5i-ucC&pg=PA35 |accessdate=25 August 2012}}
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3404.html |title=HMS Pandora (N42) of the Royal Navy |publisher=uboat.net |accessdate=23 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619212514/http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3404.html |archivedate=19 June 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
7. ^{{cite book |first=Innes |last=McCartney |title=British Submarines 1939–45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMaSTiHd8V4C&pg=PT4 |accessdate=28 August 2012 |date=28 November 2006 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84603-007-9 |page=23}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |first=Paul |last=Akermann |title=Encyclopedia of British Submarines 1901–1955 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=boO7WGL21EQC&pg=PA299 |accessdate=24 August 2012 |date=1 November 2002 |publisher=Periscope Publishing |isbn=978-1-904381-05-1 |page=299}}
9. ^{{cite book |first=Karl E. |last=Heden |title=Sunken Ships, World War 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S8VAQV5g6s0C&pg=PA235 |accessdate=22 August 2012 |date=15 October 2006 |publisher=Branden Books |isbn=978-0-8283-2118-1 |pages=235–}}

References

{{reflist|2}}{{Parthian class submarines}}{{April 1942 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandora (N42)}}

7 : Parthian-class submarines|Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness|World War II submarines of the United Kingdom|Submarines sunk by aircraft|1929 ships|Maritime incidents in April 1942|Ships sunk by Italian aircraft
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