“HMS Sapphire (1904)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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HMS Sapphire (1904)

释义

Design and description
Construction
World War I
Notes
Bibliography

{{other ships|HMS Sapphire}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=HMS Amethyst (1903) IWM Q 038114.jpg

Ship caption=Sapphire{{'}}s sister ship, Amethyst at anchor
}}{{Infobox ship career

Ship name=HMS Sapphire

Ship country=United Kingdom

UK|naval}}

Ship builder=Palmers, Jarrow

Ship namesake=Sapphire

Ship laid down=January 1903

Ship launched=17 March 1904

Ship completed=February 1905

Ship commissioned=

Ship decommissioned=

Ship fate=Sold for scrap, 1921
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Ship class=Topaze-class protected cruiser

3000|LT|t}}

360|ft|m|abbr=on|1}} (p/p)

40|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}

16|ft|m|abbr=on|1}}

9800|ihp|lk=in|abbr=on}}

10 water-tube boilers

Ship propulsion=2 Shafts, 2 triple-expansion steam engines

21|kn|lk=in}}

7000|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}

Ship complement=318

4|inch|mm|adj=on|sigfig=3}} guns

8 × QF 3-pounder (47-mm) guns
2 × 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes

0.75|-|2|in|mm|1|abbr=on}}

Gun shields: {{convert|1|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
Conning tower: {{convert|3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}

}}

HMS Sapphire was a Topaze-class protected cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She saw active service in World War I and was sold for scrap in 1921.

Design and description

Rated as third-class cruisers, the Topaze-class ships had a length between perpendiculars of {{convert|360|ft|m|1}}, a beam of {{convert|40|ft|m|1}} and a draught of {{convert|16|ft|m|1}}. They displaced {{convert|3000|LT|t}} and their crew consisted of 313 officers and other ranks.^[1]

Sapphire was fitted with a pair of four-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by 10 water-tube boilers. The engines were designed to produce a total of {{convert|9800|ihp|lk=in}} which was intended to give a maximum speed of {{convert|21.75|kn|lk=in}}.^[2] They carried a maximum of {{convert|700|LT|t}} of coal^[1] which gave them a range of {{convert|7000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}} and {{convert|2000|nmi}} at {{convert|20|kn}}.^[2]

The main armament of the Topaze class consisted of a dozen quick-firing (QF) {{convert|4|inch|mm|adj=on|sigfig=3}} guns.^[3] One gun each was mounted on the forecastle and the quarterdeck. The remaining ten guns were placed port and starboard amidships.^[2] They also carried eight QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two above water 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.^[2] The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from {{convert|.75|to|2|in|mm|0}}. The main guns were fitted with {{convert|1|in|adj=on}} gun shields and the conning tower had armour {{convert|3|in}} thick.^[2]

Construction

She was laid down in January 1904 at Palmers in their Jarrow shipyard, launched on 17 March 1904 and completed in February 1905.

World War I

Sapphire was commissioned on 2 July 1914 at Chatham Dock, Kent,^[4] before moving out into Kethole Reach, in the estuary of the Medway. On 16 July, Sapphire set sail from Sheerness Docks, Kent, for Spithead, Hampshire, where she took part in the Royal Fleet Review on 20 July.^[5]

On 8 January 1918, Sapphire arrived at Aden where Commander W. F. Sells joined from HMS Minto and took over command.^[6]

Sapphire was sold for scrap on 9 May 1921.

Notes

1. ^¹Friedman 2012, p. 335
2. ^¹²³⁴Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 84
3. ^Friedman 2011, p. 101
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://oldweather.s3.amazonaws.com/ADM%2053-59127/ADM%2053-59127-006_0.jpg|title=Log of HMS Sapphire|date=2 July 1914|publisher=Old Weather|accessdate=2011-03-15}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://oldweather.s3.amazonaws.com/ADM%2053-59127/ADM%2053-59127-025_0.jpg|title=Log of HMS Sapphire|date=20 July 1914|publisher=Old Weather|accessdate=2011-03-15}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://oldweather.s3.amazonaws.com/ADM%2053-59141/ADM%2053-59141-007_0.jpg|title=Log of HMS Sapphire|date=8 January 1918|publisher=Old Weather|accessdate=2011-03-15}}

Bibliography

{{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Kolesnik|editor2-first=Eugene M.|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|lastauthoramp=y}}
{{cite book|last=Corbett|first=Julian|authorlink=Julian Corbett|title=Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands|edition=2nd, reprint of the 1938|series=History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents|volume=I|publisher=Imperial War Museum and Battery Press|location=London and Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=0-89839-256-X}}
{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Cruisers of the Victorian Era|year=2012|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|isbn=978-1-59114-068-9}}
{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=Naval Weapons of World War One|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84832-100-7}}
{{cite book |editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921|year=1984|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-85177-245-5|lastauthoramp=y}}

3 : 1904 ships|World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom|Topaze-class cruisers

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