| 词条 | HMS Surinam (1805) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Surinam was a Cruizer-class brig-sloop built by Obadiah Ayles at Topsham, Exeter and launched in 1805.[3] She captured one privateer during her twenty-year career and took part in two campaigns before she was broken up in 1825. Napoleonic WarsIn March 1805 Commander Alexander Shippard commissioned Surinam for the Channel and then the Mediterranean. In September Srinam captured the Merchant , master, which was sailing from New York, and sent her into Portsmouth.[4] Shippard was promoted to post-captain on 22 January 1806. However, he was still aboard Surinam when she captured the Juliana on 28 February.[5] A few days earlier Surinam had captured the Venus, Robhen, master, which had been sailing from St Bartholomews, and sent her into Plymouth.[6] Surinam{{'}}s next captain was briefly Commander H. Higman, and he was soon replaced by Commander John Lake in February 1806.[3]On 11 May 1806. Surinam captured three vessels: Pacifico, Tomasa and Alexandro. Then six days later she captured the San Domingo.[7] San Domingo was a schooner from Bilbao. Surinam also captured two luggers from Bilbao that may or may not be among the three vessels that she capture in May.[8] Next, Surinam captured the Anne Marie, Claasson, master, from St Thomas, and the Spanish lugger Alexander, and sent them into Plymouth.[9] Lastly, Surinam detained the Danish vessel Constantia, Hankow, master, which had been sailing from St Croix to Copenhagen, and sent her into Plymouth too.[10] On 28 July Surinam was present or in sight at the capture of the French frigate Rhin.[11] On 11 December, while Surinam west of Belle Île watching for the French fleet under Admiral Willaumez, lightning struck her. The strike killed two men, wounded four, destroyed a mast and damaged her badly.[12] In 1807 Surinam was attached to Admiral Lord Gardner’s fleet off southern Ireland. Surinam left the fleet for Plymouth on 15 November. On 17 November, some 17 leagues north of Ushant, she fell in with a French privateer. After a ten-hour chase Surinam captured the French vessel, which turned out to be the Amiral Dacrés (or Amiral Decrés). The privateer was armed with fourteen 6-pounder guns and carried a crew of 76 men under the command of Jean G. Michel. She had sailed from St Malo the day before on her first cruise and had made no captures.[13] At the time of the capture, Pomone was in sight.[14]On 22 October, Surinam captured the Jane and Eleanor.[15] On 30 January 1808, Surinam captured the French sloop Sta. Anna or Sta. Joseph Marie.[16] A few days earlier, Surinam had detained the Grace, Brown, master, which had been sailing from New York.[17] On 20 July Surinam was in company with {{HMS|Shannon|1806|2}} and {{HMS|Eclair|1801|2}} when Shannon captured Comet.[18] Then on 21 August, Surinam was in company with Shannon and {{HMS|Martial|1805|2}} when Shannon captured Espoir.[19] On 9 November Surinam captured the sloop Jeune Henry.[20] This may have been the John & Harry, from Guadeloupe that Lloyd's List reported arriving at Plymouth on 15 November.[21] The next month, on 15 December, Surinam sailed for the Leeward Islands.[3] She arrived there on 26 January 1809 after having left delivered the vessels she was convoying to Berbice, Demerara, and Surinam.[22] She had left the rest of the convoy, which was going to other destinations, on 5 January.[23] Surinam was at the capture of Martinique in February 1809. In 1847 the Admiralty authorized the issuance of the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Martinique" to all naval survivors of that campaign. On 17 February 1810 Suriname, {{HMS|Frolic|1806|2}}, and {{HMS|Superieure|1803|2}} joined Captain William Charles Fahie of {{HMS|Abercrombie|1809|2}} and his force at the surrender of Saint Martin. Fahie then entrusted Surinam with the despatches to Vice-Admiral The Honorable Alexander Cochrane.[24] By virtue of this action, Surinam effectively also participated in the capture of Guadeloupe in January and February 1810.{{refn|A first-class share of the prize money for Guadaloupe was worth £113 3s 1¼d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth £1 9s 1¼d.[25]|group=Note}} In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Guadaloupe" to all surviving participants of the campaign. In 1810, Commander A. Hodge (or Hedge) took command,[29] and the next year she visited her namesake country of Suriname, in South America. His replacement, in 1811, was A. Kennedy.[26] In 1812, Commander John Ellis Watt took command on the Leeward Islands station and sailed her for the coast of Guyana. In August 1812 Surinam was in company with {{HMS|Swaggerer|1809|2}} when they captured four American vessels:[27]
Watt died in September 1813 on his passage home after eight years in the West Indies.[28] On 6 September 1812, Surinam was near Surinam when she encountered the American privateer Montgomery, which was under the command of Captain Upton. Montgomery was armed with two long 12-pounder guns and ten 6-pounders. Surinam gave chase until a shot from Montgomery struck and so weakened Surinam{{'}}s foremast that she gave up the pursuit.[29] Surinam encountered the American privateer Governor Tompkins, of ten 9-pounder guns and 90 men, on 20 May 1813 off the coast of Surinam. After an engagement of some 45 minutes, Governor Tompkins was able to escape. Earlier, on 8 May, Governor Tompkins had captured the Hartley, Grayson, master, which was sailing from Gibraltar to Bahia. The privateer burnt the Hartley, and on 24 May deposited Captain Grayson and his crew at Grenada. Governor Tompkins then sailed for America, having been cruising for some three months.[30]On 16 September Surinam and {{HMS|Grampus|1802|6}} arrived off Portsmouth with 37 vessels that they had escorted from the Leeward Islands.[31] In 1814 Surinam returned to Britain. From October 1815 she was in ordinary at Sheerness.[3] Post-warBetween 1817 and 1820 Surinam was at Chatham.[26] On 18 November 1820 Commander William Mackenzie Godfrey took command and sailed for the West Indies. He was promoted to post-captain on 19 July 1822 and Commander Alfred Matthews replaced him. Commander Charles Crole succeeded him from April 1823. By 1825 Surinam was back at Chatham.[3] FateOn 22 June 1825 the Navy Office offered her for sale.[32] She was sold on 20 July 1825 at Chatham for £1,450 to John Small Sedger for breaking up.[3] Notes, citations, and referencesNotes1. ^{{London Gazette|issue=20939|page=242|date=26 January 1849}} Citations{{reflist|30em}}References2. ^{{London Gazette|date=26 January 1849|issue=20393|page=243}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Winfield (2008), p.292. 4. ^Lloyd's List, no. 4254. . 5. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16330|date=2 January 1810|pages=25–26}} 6. ^Lloyd's List, no. 4301 7. ^{{London Gazette|issue=15999|date=10 February 1807|page=179}} 8. ^Lloyd's List, no. 4058 9. ^Lloyd's List, no. 4061 10. ^Lloyd's List, no. 4062 11. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16056|date=15 August 1807|page=1075}} 12. ^Harris (1858), p.35. 13. ^{{London Gazette|page=1555 |issue=16089|date=21 November 1809}} 14. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16313|date=7 November 1809|page=1787}} 15. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16313|date=7 November 1809|page=1788}} 16. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16382|date=26 June 1810|pages=947–948}} 17. ^Lloyd's List, no.4224, - accessed 8 October 2014. 18. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16507|date=23 July 1811|page=1411}} 19. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16341|date=10 January 1810|page=223}} 20. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16382|date=26 June 1810|page=946}} 21. ^Lloyd's List, no.4302, - accessed 8 October 2014. 22. ^Lloyd's List, no.4337, - accessed 8 October 2014. 23. ^Lloyd's List, no.4329, - accessed 8 October 2014. 24. ^{{London Gazette|issue=16356|date=31 March 1810|page=487}} 25. ^{{London Gazette|date=24 September 1814|issue=16938|pages=1923–1924}} 26. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.nmm.ac.uk/upload/pdf/Warship_Histories_Vessels_iv.pdf|title=NMM, vessel ID 376871|work=Warship Histories, vol iv|publisher=National Maritime Museum|accessdate=30 July 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110802041617/http://www.nmm.ac.uk/upload/pdf/Warship_Histories_Vessels_iv.pdf|archivedate=2 August 2011|df=dmy-all}} 27. ^{{London Gazette|page=1534|issue=16760|date=3 August 1813}} 28. ^The gentleman's magazine and historical chronicle, Vol. 83, part 2, p.504. 29. ^Maclay (1900), p.379. 30. ^Lloyd's List, no. 4787, - accessed 16 December 2013. 31. ^Lloyd's List, no.4805, - accessed 8 October 2014. 32. ^{{London Gazette|issue=18149|date=25 June 1825|page=1109}}
4 : 1805 ships|Cruizer-class brig-sloops|Maritime incidents in 1806|Ships built on the River Exe |
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