| 词条 | John Hunn (governor) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = | name = John Hunn | honorific-suffix = | image = Hunn.gif | imagesize = | smallimage = | office = 51st Governor of Delaware | term_start = January 15, 1901 | term_end = January 17, 1905 | lieutenant1 = Philip L. Cannon | predecessor1 = Ebe W. Tunnell | successor1 = Preston Lea | birth_date = {{birth date|1849|6|23|mf=y}} | birth_place = Odessa, Delaware | death_date = {{death date and age|1926|9|1|1849|6|23}} | death_place = Camden, Delaware | spouse = Sarah Cowgill Emerson | party = Republican | residence = Camden, Delaware | alma_mater = | occupation = businessman | profession = | religion = Quaker }}John Hunn (June 23, 1849 – September 1, 1926) was an American businessman and politician from Camden, Kent County, Delaware. The first governor elected after a reform of Delaware's state constitution and a compromise candidate, Hunn served from 1901 until 1905 and became the first of a multi-decade string of elected Republican Delaware governors.[1] Early life and familyHunn was born in June 1849 near Odessa, Delaware, son of Quaker minister and farmer John and his initially non-Quaker wife Mary Swallow Hunn. Hunn's father, also John Hunn, was a noted abolitionist and superintendent of the Underground Railroad on the Delmarva Peninsula south of Wilmington, Delaware, the southernmost stationmaster in the United States. Shortly after the younger John's birth, the family lost their New Castle County farm, "Happy Valley," in a sheriff's sale because of $2500 in fines assessed against him by Supreme Court Justice Roger Taney in 1848 for helping a family of seven runaway slaves and their freedman father, although Delaware's chief justice in the original 1846 case had granted a writ of habeas corpus, freed the alleged slaves, and fellow abolitionist (and later co-defendant) Thomas Garrett called a coach to take them to Pennsylvania.[2][3] The Hunn family then went to live with relatives at Magnolia, Delaware, and this John Hunn was educated at the Friends school in Camden, Delaware and later at the Friends School in Bordentown, New Jersey.[4] After the American Civil War (during which members as Quakers could not serve in the military), the Hunn family moved to the Sea Islands of South Carolina where the elder Hunn and his schoolteacher daughter Eliza assisted freed blacks,[5] and his father also helped collect customs duties at Beaufort.[6] The younger John Hunn married Sarah Cowgill Emerson in 1874, and they had one child, Alice. They lived at 3 South Main Street in Camden and were members of the Camden Friends Meeting. CareerThe younger Hunn, known as "Honest John", grew up at Magnolia and Port Royal, South Carolina, where his father was working with the Freedmen's Bureau as well as collected customs duties. In 1876 this John Hunn returned to Delaware, permanently settled in Camden in Kent County (where he had attended school as a child) and began operating a merchandized fruit, lumber, and lime business in nearby Wyoming. He maintained this business throughout his life. At the turn of the twentieth century Delaware was going through a political transformation. Most obvious to the public was the unprecedented division in the Republican Party caused, in part, by the ambitions of J. Edward "Gas" Addicks for a seat in the U.S. Senate. A gas company industrialist from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Addicks spent vast sums to build a Republican Party devoted to him. Largely successful in heavily Democratic Kent County and Sussex County, Addicks-financed a faction that came to be known as the "Union Republicans." Meanwhile, he made bitter enemies of the New Castle County "Regular Republicans," who considered him nothing more than a carpetbagger from Philadelphia. Behind the headlines, however, all the effort was making obvious the archaic and corrupt practices that characterized elections and the resultant state government. This caused a consensus to develop that major reform was needed in all areas of state government, but especially in voting procedures, apportionment, and the assignment of various responsibilities to the governor, legislature, and judiciary. The result of the all this was the Constitution of 1897 and the return of two-party politics to Delaware. It also created a statewide, moderately progressive, Republican Party, which become a statewide majority, particularly after the highly personal Addicks controversy ended in 1905. Governor of DelawareHunn was to be an early beneficiary of these developments. As a political newcomer but descended from a long-respected Delaware family and a successful businessman in his own right, Hunn became a compromise candidate acceptable to all Republicans. Running in opposition to the Roman Catholic Wilmington leather merchant, Peter J. Ford, Hunn was able to take advantage of the conservative Democrats, discomfort with Catholicism, as well as their dislike of the national Presidential candidate, populist William Jennings Bryan. Hunn handily won the election in 1900 and began a period of Republican occupancy of the Governor's office that lasted for all but eight of the next 60 years. Hunn became the first governor elected under Delaware's new Constitution of 1897. As such he enjoyed an authority unknown to governors since colonial times. He also became the first governor of Delaware to be eligible to serve for two terms. Most importantly, Hunn was the first governor with authority to veto General Assembly bills; including line-item veto power on appropriations bills. Hunn was also the first governor to serve with an elected lieutenant governor. Along with changes to the Governor's authority, the new Constitution modified the General Assembly's duties so that it too became more effective. Finally, the responsibility for granting divorces was moved to the courts. Along with the requirement for creating a general incorporation law, the General Assembly eventually produced an incorporation law that laid the basis for the state becoming the preferred national incorporation location and all its associated revenues. During this time, the General Assembly finally ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment, and Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, thirty-one years after they became law. In spite of all this progress, the General Assembly was unable to resolve the Addicks issue until 1903, with the nationally embarrassing result that Delaware spent two years with no representation at all in the U.S. Senate. Also, Governor Hunn appointed one of Addicks' supporters, Dr. Caleb R. Layton to be the secretary of state, which was controversial, although Layton performed his job well and later worked for the U.S. State Department and was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.[7] Hunn was the first governor to seek the admission of women to the Delaware College, now the University of Delaware, and to recommend that a paved highway be constructed the entire length of the state. Delaware's legislature also passed (and Gov. Hunn signed) a law that secured protecting wildlife, and another that initiated and sustained the construction of free public libraries.[8]
Death and legacyAfter his term ended, Hunn returned full-time to his business. He also became vice president of Dover's First National Bank, and was director of Dover's National Building and Loan Association. He died at Camden and is buried there at the Camden Friends Meetinghouse, along with his wife and parents.[9][10] A road off U.S. Highway 13 and Loockerman Street in Dover is named for him, as well as one in the Manor Park development in New Castle. The ancestral Hunn family home, Wildcat Manor, in 2016 became part of Hunn Nature Park, managed by Kent County.[11] It is also on a loop of the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad byway, commemorating this Hunn's grandfather who assisted Harriet Tubman, as well as the work of this Hunn's father.[12] AlmanacElections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. The governor takes office the third Tuesday of January and has a four-year term.
References1. ^Delaware’s Governors 2. ^Eric Foner, Gateway to Freedom: the Hidden History of the Underground Railroad (W.W. Norton & Co. 2015) p. 156 3. ^transcript at http://friendsofwildcat.org/wp/john-hunn/ 4. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930032820/http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=937b224971c81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States] 5. ^Bertice Berry, The Ties that Bind: a memoir of race, memory and redemption (New York: Broadway Books 2009) pp. 96-102 6. ^U.S. Government Register available on ancestry.com 7. ^ Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States 8. ^ Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States 9. ^{{Find a Grave|7367703}} 10. ^http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/humphries-hunsinger.html#RKD0ILYHI The Political Graveyard ] 11. ^http://www.doverpost.com/article/20160420/NEWS/160429986 12. ^http://www.tubmanbywaydelaware.org/ Bibliography
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10 : 1849 births|1926 deaths|American Quakers|People from Camden, Delaware|Businesspeople from Delaware|Delaware Republicans|Governors of Delaware|Burials in Kent County, Delaware|Republican Party state governors of the United States|People from Port Royal, South Carolina |
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