| 词条 | Hoegaarden Brewery |
| 释义 |
| name = Hoegaarden Brewery | logo = Hoegaarden.svg | type = Brewery | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = 1445 | founder = | defunct = | location_city = Hoegaarden | location_country = Belgium | locations = | area_served = | key_people = | industry = Alcoholic beverage | products = Beer | production = | revenue = | owner = Anheuser-Busch InBev | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = hoegaarden.com | footnotes = }} Hoegaarden Brewery ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|oː|ɡ|ɑr|d|ən}}; {{IPA-nl|ɦuˈɣaːrdə(n)|lang}}) is a brewery in Hoegaarden, Belgium, and the producer of a well-known wheat beer. HistoryA village called Hoegaarden, near Tienen in Flanders, is the modern birthplace of Belgian white beer. Records of brewing in the village date back to 1445, when the local monks were enthusiastic brewers, but the tradition died out in the 1950s.[1] Early and recent historyThe village of Hoegaarden had been known for its witbieren (white beers) since the Middle Ages. In the nineteenth century, the village had thirteen breweries and 9 distilleries;[2] however, in 1957, the last local witbier brewery, Tomsin, closed its doors. Pierre Celis, a milkman who had grown up next to the brewery and sometimes helped with brewing, decided some ten years later to try to revive the style. He started a new brewery, called de Kluis, in his hay loft.[3] [4]Celis used the traditional ingredients of water, yeast, wheat, hops, coriander, and dried Curaçao orange peel known as Laraha. In the 1980s, with demand for the product continuing to grow, Celis bought Hougardia, a former lemonade factory, to expand his brewing operations.[2] After a fire in 1985, several brewers offered their help — as is traditional in Belgium. One of these was the largest brewer in the country, called Interbrew (after a merger with AmBev, renamed InBev). Interbrew lent money for the purchase of other buildings to rebuild the brewery. Over time, Celis felt very strongly that the company used the loan to pressure him to change the recipe to make the beer more "mass market".{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} Celis goes to Texas and MichiganCelis decided instead to sell them the brewery, and with the proceeds, he moved to the United States, where he set up the Celis Brewery in Austin, Texas, to continue making witbier to what he described as the original Hoegaarden recipe. It was later acquired by Miller Brewing. Celis never fully relocated to Texas, but his daughter and son-in-law, who operated the brewery, did. Miller ultimately closed the brewery and sold the equipment and brand names to Michigan Brewing Company. The witbier Celis brewed in Texas, which he described as the original Hoegaarden recipe, was at the same time brewed in Belgium, first by Brouwerij De Smedt and then later by Brouwerij van Steenberge. This beer, Celis White, is still being brewed in Belgium by Brouwerij van Steenberge, and was brewed in the U.S. by Michigan Brewing Company, which went bankrupt and sold the name. Hoegaarden since InBev takeoverIn November 2005, InBev announced the forthcoming closure of the brewery in Hoegaarden, among other changes in Belgium. The brewery was to close in late 2006 with production moving to InBev's larger brewery in Jupille. The beer Julius was said to have been an immediate casualty, and sparked worries that all beers that were bottle conditioned would be changed. The closure sparked protests from Hoegaarden locals, upset at the loss of the town's most famous symbol and largest employer.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} The move was never completed. The brewers in Jupille remained unsatisfied with local production of the witbier, so on September 10, 2007, Inbev decided to keep the production in Hoegaarden. Inbev also decided to invest part of a 60 million Euro budget in the Hoegaarden site to upgrade the facilities.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} Types of Hoegaarden beer
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Calagione |first1=Sam, foreword |first2=Tim, General editor |last2=Hampso |title=The beer book|date=2008|publisher=DK Publ.|location=New York|isbn=9780756639822|page=204|edition=1st American}} 2. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=G8NBD5T6|title=Likeurtjes proeven naast de brouwerij|date=3 January 2005|publisher=Het Nieuwsblad|accessdate=7 February 2010}} 3. ^Tim Webb, Good Beer Guide to Belgium and Holland {{ISBN|1-85249-174-4}}, page 143 4. ^{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Michael |date=1992 |title=The Great Beers of Belgium |edition=2nd |location=Antwerpen |publisher=Coda |pages=111–112 |isbn=9780762404032}} 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdpXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82&lpg=PT82&dq=hoegaarden+wheat+lemon&source=bl&ots=f1ln5KI_Zw&sig=-zfpPA9Vmq2vN_zX24r_7fso1sE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVrvyY7-PRAhVo6YMKHeKECmY4ChDoAQgsMAQ#v=onepage&q=hoegaarden%20wheat%20lemon&f=false|title=Beer: Reference to Go: 50 Ways to Sip and Savor|last=Harrison|first=Babs Suzanne|date=2013-08-27|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=9781452132815|language=en}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ratebeer.com/beer/hoegaarden/399/ |title=Hoegaarden at RateBeer |accessdate=2012-07-07}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hoegaarden.com/fr-us/produits/rosee.html|title=Hoegaarden|work=hoegaarden.com}} External links{{Portal|Beer}}{{Commons category}}
3 : Breweries of Flanders|Companies based in Flemish Brabant|Hoegaarden |
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