| 词条 | John I of Aragon |
| 释义 |
| type = monarch | name = John I | title = | image = File:Monestir_de_Poblet-PM_26343.jpg | caption = Tomb effigies of John and his queen, Violant (Yolanda), in the monastery of Poblet | succession = King of Aragon, Valencia and Majorca and Count of Barcelona | reign = 6 January 1387 – 19 May 1396 | coronation = | predecessor = Peter IV | successor = Martin | spouse = Martha of Armagnac Violant of Bar | issue = Joanna, Countess of Foix Yolande, Duchess of Anjou | issue-link = #Family and children | issue-pipe = among others... | house = House of Aragon | father = Peter IV of Aragon | mother = Eleanor of Sicily | birth_date = 27 December 1350 | birth_place = Perpignan | death_date = {{death date and age|1396|5|19|1350|12|27|df=yes}} | death_place = Foixà | burial_date = | burial_place = Poblet Monastery | religion = Roman Catholicism | signature = Signatura-joan-i.jpg }} John I (27 December 1350 – 19 May 1396), called by posterity the Hunter{{efn|Joan el Caçador in Catalan, Chuan lo Cazataire in Aragonese and Juan el Cazador in Castilian}} or the Lover of Elegance,{{efn|l'Amador de la Gentilesa in Catalan and el Amador de la Gentileza in Castilian}} but the Abandoned{{efn|el Descurat in Catalan}} in his lifetime, was the King of Aragon from 1388 until his death. BiographyJohn was the eldest son of Peter IV[1] and his third wife, Eleanor, who was the daughter of Peter II of Sicily. He was born in Perpignan, capital of the Rousillon, which at that time was part of the Principality of Catalonia, in the Crown of Aragon. He was a man of character, with a taste for verse. He was a Francophile and married Violant of Bar against the wishes of his father, who had wanted him to marry a princess of Sicily. His last marriage was happy. His wife frequently participated in government, since the king was often ill. Once on the throne, John abandoned his father's relatively Anglophile policy and made an alliance with France. He continued Aragon's support for the Pope of the Avignon line, Clement VII, in the Western Schism. John also made an alliance with Castile, and confirmed in 1388 a treaty with Navarre fixing borders between these kingdoms. In 1389-90, the Aragonese battled the troops of the Count of Armagnac, John III, who was attempting to conquer the lands of the vassal Kingdom of Majorca. The attack went from Empordà to Girona. The invaders were defeated in 1390 by Aragonese troops commanded by John's brother Martin. During 1388-90, John gradually lost all lands of the Duchies of Athens and Neopatras in Greece. In 1391, John promulgated legislation on Jews in different cities of the Kingdom of Aragon. Also in 1391, his administration faced a revolt in the vassal kingdom of Sicily, where the population had proclaimed Louis II of Naples as king. John was a protector of culture of Barcelona. He established in 1393 the Consistory of Barcelona (jocs florals), imitating the same office in Toulouse. Aragon had been attempting to subjugate Sardinia since the reign of James II, and gradually the Aragonese had conquered most of the island. However, in the 1380s, the remaining independent principality Arborea became a fortress of rebellion and the Aragonese were rapidly driven back by Eleanor de Bas-Serra. The Aragonese continued in John's reign to attempt to suppress rebels in Sardinia and regain lost territories. However, during John's reign, practically the whole of Sardinia was lost. John's reign was characterized by disastrous financial administration. He died during a hunt in forests near Foixà by a fall from his horse, like his namesake, cousin, and contemporary, John I of Castile. Leaving no sons, he was succeeded by his younger brother Martin. Two daughters, however, survived to adulthood. Family and childrenFrom his first marriage on 24 June 1373 to Martha of Armagnac (18 February 1347 - 23 October 1378), daughter of Count Jean I of Armagnac:
From his second marriage on 2 February 1380 to Yolande of Bar (c. 1365 - 3 July 1431), daughter of Robert I, Duke of Bar and Marie of Valois:
Ancestors{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes|align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. John I of Aragon |2= 2. Peter IV of Aragon |3= 3. Eleanor of Sicily |4= 4. Alfonso IV of Aragon |5= 5. Teresa d'Entença |6= 6. Peter II of Sicily |7= 7. Elisabeth of Carinthia |8= 8. James II of Aragon |9= 9. Blanche of Anjou |10= 10. Gombald d'Entença |11= 11. Constance of Antilon |12= 12. Frederick III of Sicily |13= 13. Eleanor of Anjou |14= 14. Otto III of Carinthia |15= 15. Euphemia of Legnica |16= 16. Peter III of Aragon |17= 17. Constance of Sicily |18= 18. Charles II of Naples |19= 19. Maria of Hungary |20= |21= |22= 22. Sancho, Baron of Antilon |23= 23. Eleanor of Urgel |24= 24. Peter III of Aragon =16 |25= 25. Constance of Sicily =17 |26= 26. Charles II of Naples =18 |27= 27. Maria of Hungary =19 |28= 28. Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia |29= 29. Elisabeth of Bavaria |30= 30. Henry V, Duke of Legnica |31= 31. Elisabeth of Kalisz }} Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^Joseph F. O'Callaghan, A History of Medieval Spain, (Cornell University Press, 1975), 682.
Sources
Sardinia and Corsica; Count of Barcelona, Roussillon and Cerdagne|years=1387–1396}}{{s-aft|rows=1|after=Martin}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Duke of Athens|years=1387–1388}}{{s-aft|rows=2|after=Nerio I Acciaioli}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Duke of Neopatria|years=1387–1390}} |-{{s-end}}{{Infantes of Aragon}}{{Aragonese monarchs}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:John 01 Of Aragon}} 18 : 1350 births|1396 deaths|14th-century Aragonese monarchs|14th-century Kings of Sardinia|People from Perpignan|Roman Catholic monarchs|Aragonese monarchs|Monarchs of Majorca|Valencian monarchs|Counts of Barcelona|House of Aragon|Aragonese infantes|Dukes of Girona|Counts of Cervera|14th-century monarchs in Europe|14th-century Spanish people|People of Byzantine descent|Burials at the Poblet Monastery |
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