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House of Bourbon-Parma

释义

Duchy of Parma
Temporary Habsburg rule Return to the Bourbons The Dukes House of Bourbon-Parma (1731–1735) House of Bourbon-Parma (1748–1802) House of Bourbon-Parma (1847–1859) Nominal Dukes of Parma (since 1859) Family
Grand Duchy of Luxemburg
Line of succession
See also
References
External links

{{More footnotes|date=October 2014}}{{Royal house|
|surname = House of Bourbon-Parma
|estate =
|coat of arms =
|country = {{Flag|Italy}}
{{Flag|Luxembourg}}
{{Collapsible list
|title = Former countries
|

{{flag|Duchy of Parma|1851}}
Kingdom of Etruria
Duchy of Lucca}}

|parent house = House of Bourbon
|titles =

Duke of Parma
Duke of Guastalla
Duke of Lucca
King of Etruria
Duke of San Jaime
Count of Bardi
Grand Duke of Luxembourg

|founder = Philip
|final ruler = Robert I
|current head = Carlos
|founding year = 18 October 1748
|deposition = 9 June 1859
|ethnicity = Spanish
French
|nationality =
|cadet branches = House of Bourbon-Parma-Luxembourg
}}

The House of Bourbon-Parma ({{lang-it|Casa di Borbone di Parma}}) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the French Capetian dynasty in male line. Its name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name (Bourbon) and the other (Parma) from the title of Duke of Parma.

The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons as the founder was the great-grandson of Duke Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma.

Duchy of Parma

The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered on the city of Parma.

In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was given the city of Piacenza, becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza, and so the state was thereafter properly known as the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza.

The Farnese family continued to rule until their extinction in 1731, at which point the duchy was inherited by the young son of the King of Spain, Charles, whose mother Elisabeth was a member of the Farnese family. He ruled until 1735 during the War of the Polish Succession, when Parma was ceded to Emperor Charles VI in exchange for the Two Sicilies.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}

Temporary Habsburg rule

The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, when it was ceded back to the Bourbons in the person of Philip of Spain, Charles's younger brother. As duke Philip, he became the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma.

In 1796, the duchy was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte. In the Treaty of Aranjuez of 1801, duke Ferdinand formally agreed to cede the duchy to Napoleon. The territories were integrated into the Cisalpine Republic until 1802, the Italian Republic, from 1802 until 1805, and the Kingdom of Italy, from 1805 until 1808, until in 1808 the French Empire annexed them and formed out of them the Département of Taro.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}

In 1814, the duchies were restored under Napoleon's Habsburg wife, Marie Louise, who was to rule them for her lifetime. The duchy was renamed the duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla.

Return to the Bourbons

After Marie Louise's death in 1847, the duchy was restored to the Bourbon-Parma line, which had been ruling the tiny duchy of Lucca. As part of the return the Duchy of Guastalla was transferred to the Duchy of Modena. The Bourbons ruled until 1859, when they were driven out by a revolution following the Sardinian victory in their war against Austria.

The duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla and the duchy of Lucca joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the duchy of Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December 1859, and were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March 1860.

The House of Bourbon continues to claim the title of duke of Parma to this day. Carlos-Hugo (Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s) held the title from 1977 to his death. His son now claims the title.

The Dukes

House of Bourbon-Parma (1731–1735)

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles, Duke of Parma 1731–1735	20 January 1716 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma	Maria Amalia of Saxony 1738 13 children	14 December 1788 Madrid aged 72

House of Bourbon-Parma (1748–1802)

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Philip, Duke of Parma 1748–1765	15 March 1720 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma	Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon 25 October 1739 3 children	18 July 1765 Alessandria aged 45
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma 1765–1802 nominal since 1796	20 January 1751 Parma son of Philip, Duke of Parma and Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon	Archduchess Marie Amalie of Austria 19 July 1769 7 children	9 October 1802 Fontevivo aged 51

During the French ownership of the Duchy of Parma, the title of Duke of Parma was used as an honorary form and style. From 1808, the title was used by Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès. He kept the style of Duc de Parme until 1814. Only in 1847 was the actual title restored to the Bourbons, after a period of being held by Marie Louise of Austria, who was a Habsburg and the second wife of Napoleon I.

House of Bourbon-Parma (1847–1859)

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages
Charles II, Duke of Parma 1847–1848	22 December 1799 Madrid son of Louis of Etruria and Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca	Maria Teresa of Savoy 5 September 1820 2 children	16 April 1883 Nice aged 84
Charles III, Duke of Parma 1848–1854	14 January 1823 Lucca son of Charles II, Duke of Parma and Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy	Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France 10 November 1845 4 children	27 March 1854 Parma aged 31
Robert I, Duke of Parma 1854–1859	9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois	Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children	16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 59

Nominal Dukes of Parma (since 1859)

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages
Robert, Duke of Parma 1859–1907 titular	9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois	Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children	16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 59
Henry, Duke of Parma 1907–1939 titular	13 June 1873 Wartegg son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	never married	16 November 1939 Pianore aged 66
Joseph, Duke of Parma 1939–1950 titular	30 June 1875 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	never married	7 January 1950 Pianore aged 75
Elias, Duke of Parma 1950–1959 titular	23 July 1880 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	Maria Anna of Austria 25 May 1903 Vienna 8 children	27 June 1959 Friedberg aged 79
Robert II, Duke of Parma 1959–1974 titular	7 August 1909 Weilburg son of Elias, Duke of Parma and Maria Anna of Austria	never married	25 November 1974 Vienna aged 65
Xavier, Duke of Parma 1974–1977 titular	25 May 1889 Viareggio son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Antonia of Portugal	Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset 12 November 1927 Lignières 6 children	7 May 1977 Zizers aged 87
Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma 1977–2010 titular	8 April 1930 Paris son of Xavier, Duke of Parma and Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset	Princess Irene of the Netherlands 29 April 1964 Rome 4 children	18 August 2010 Barcelona aged 80
Carlos, Duke of Parma since 2010 titular	27 January 1970 Nijmegen son of Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Princess Irene of the Netherlands	Annemarie Gualthérie van Weezel 12 June 2010 Wijk bij Duurstede (civil)	incumbent

Family

Carlos, Duke of Parma, born on {{birth date and age|1970|1|27|df=y}}
Annemarie, Duchess of Parma, born on {{birth date and age|1977|12|18|df=y}}
- Hugo of Bourbon-Parma and Klynstra (illegitimate), born on {{birth date and age|1997|1|20|df=y}}
- Princess Luisa of Bourbon-Parma, born on {{birth date and age|2012|5|9|df=y}}
- Princess Cecilia of Bourbon-Parma, born on {{birth date and age|2013|10|17|df=y}}
- Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, born on {{birth date and age|2016|04|24|df=y}}
Princess Margarita of Bourbon-Parma, born on {{birth date and age|1972|10|13|df=y}}
Tjalling ten Cate, born on {{birth date and age|1975|12|23|df=y}}
- Julia ten Cate, born on {{birth date and age|2008|9|3|df=y}}
- Paola ten Cate, born on {{birth date and age|2011|2|25|df=y}}
Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi, born on {{birth date and age|1972|10|13|df=y}}
Viktória, Countess of Bardi, born on {{birth date and age|1982|05|25|df=y}}
- Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma, born on {{birth date and age|2014|2|21|df=y}}
- Princess Gloria of Bourbon-Parma, born on {{birth date and age|2016|5|9|df=y}}
Princess Carolina, Marchioness of Sala, born on {{birth date and age|1974|6|23|df=y}}
Albert Brenninkmeijer, born on {{birth date and age|1974|05|16|df=y}}
- Alaïa-Maria Brenninkmeijer, born on {{birth date and age|2014|5|20|df=y}}
- Xavier Brenninkmeijer, born on {{birth date and age|2015|12|16|df=y}}

Grand Duchy of Luxemburg

Since 1964, the House of Bourbon-Parma has reigned agnatically in Luxembourg when upon the abdication of his mother Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, ascended to the throne. Jean was the son of Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a younger son of Robert I of Parma, and Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau.

In October 2000 Jean abdicated the Luxembourgian throne in favour of his eldest son, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Succession right
Jean 12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000	5 January 1921 Colmar-Berg	Grand Duchess Joséphine Charlotte 9 April 1953 5 children	Son of Charlotte
Henri 7 October 2000 – Present	16 April 1955 Betzdorf	Grand Duchess Maria Teresa 4 February/14 February 1981 5 children	Son of Jean

Line of succession

Robert I (1848–1907)
- Henry of Bourbon-Parma (1873–1939)
- Joseph of Bourbon-Parma (1875–1950)
- Elias of Bourbon-Parma (1880–1959)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Robert II of Bourbon-Parma (1909–1974)
- Xavier of Bourbon-Parma (1889–1977)
- Charles IV of Bourbon-Parma (1930–2010)
- Charles V of Bourbon-Parma (born 1970)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (1). Prince Charles of Bourbon-Parma (born 2016)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (2). James, Count of Bardi (born 1972)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (3). Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma (born 1940)
- Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma (1893–1970), m. Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
- (4). John, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (born 1921)
- (5). Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (born 1955)
- (6). William, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg (born 1981)
- (7). Prince Felix of Luxembourg (born 1984)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (8). Prince Liam of Nassau (born 2016)
- (9). Prince Louis of Luxembourg (born 1986)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (10). Prince Gabriel of Nassau (born 2006)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (11). Prince Noah of Nassau (born 2007)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (12). Prince Sebastian of Luxembourg (born 1992)
- (13). Prince John of Luxembourg (born 1957)
- (14). Prince Constantine of Nassau (born 1988)
- (15). Prince Wenceslaus of Nassau (born 1990)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (16). Prince Charles-John of Nassau (born 1992)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (17). Prince William of Luxembourg (born 1963)
- (18). Prince Paul-Louis of Nassau (born 1998)
- (19). Prince Leopold of Nassau (born 2000)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (20). Prince John of Nassau (born 2004)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Prince Charles of Luxembourg (1927–1977)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (21). Prince Robert of Luxembourg (born 1968)
- (22). Prince Alexander of Nassau (born 1997)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (23). Prince Frederick of Nassau (born 2002)
- Prince René of Bourbon-Parma (1894–1962)
- Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma (1922–1964)
- (24). Prince Philip of Bourbon-Parma (born 1949)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (25). Prince Alan of Bourbon-Parma (born 1955)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma (1926–2018)
- (26). Prince Eric of Bourbon-Parma (born 1953)
- (27). Prince Michael of Bourbon-Parma (born 1989)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (28). Prince Henry of Bourbon-Parma (born 1991)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (29). Prince Charles of Bourbon-Parma (born 1961)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (30). Prince Amaury of Bourbon-Parma (born 1991)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Prince Louis of Bourbon-Parma (1899–1967)
- (31). Prince Rémy of Bourbon-Parma (born 1942)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} (32). Prince John of Bourbon-Parma (born 1961)

{{Tree list/end}}Sources:^[1]^[2]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/parma.html |title=PARMA |publisher=An Online Gotha |date= |accessdate=29 March 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/luxemburg.html |title=LUXEMBOURG |publisher=An Online Gotha |date= |accessdate=29 March 2016}}

External links

Official website of the House of Bourbon-Parma {{it icon}}{{sp icon}}
Website of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma {{it icon}}
{{PM20|FID=pe/002270}}

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